Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1613-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1613-2025
Development and technical paper
 | 
11 Mar 2025
Development and technical paper |  | 11 Mar 2025

The DOE E3SM version 2.1: overview and assessment of the impacts of parameterized ocean submesoscales

Katherine M. Smith, Alice M. Barthel, LeAnn M. Conlon, Luke P. Van Roekel, Anthony Bartoletti, Jean-Christophe Golaz, Chengzhu Zhang, Carolyn Branecky Begeman, James J. Benedict, Gautam Bisht, Yan Feng, Walter Hannah, Bryce E. Harrop, Nicole Jeffery, Wuyin Lin, Po-Lun Ma, Mathew E. Maltrud, Mark R. Petersen, Balwinder Singh, Qi Tang, Teklu Tesfa, Jonathan D. Wolfe, Shaocheng Xie, Xue Zheng, Karthik Balaguru, Oluwayemi Garuba, Peter Gleckler, Aixue Hu, Jiwoo Lee, Ben Moore-Maley, and Ana C. Ordoñez

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Cited articles

Adcroft, A. and Hallberg, R.: On methods for solving the oceanic equations of motion in generalized vertical coordinates, Ocean Model., 11, 224–233, 2006. a
Adcroft, A. J., Anderson, W., Blanton, C., Bushuk, M., Dufour, C. O., Dunne, J. P., Griffies, S. M., Hallberg, R. W., Harrison, M. J., Held, I., Jansen, M., John, J., Krasting, J. P., Langenhorst, A., Legg, S., Liang, Z., McHugh, C., Reichl, B. G., Radhakrishnan, A., Rosati, T., Samuels, B., Shao, A., Stouffer, R. J., Winton, M., Wittenberg, A. T., Xiang, B., Zadeh, N., and Zhang, R.: The GFDL global ocean and sea ice model OM4.0: Model description and simulation features, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 11, 3167–3211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001726, 2019. a
Boccaletti, G., Ferrari, R., and Fox-Kemper, B.: Mixed Layer Instabilities and Restratification, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2228–2250, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO3101.1, 2007. a
Bodner, A. S., Fox-Kemper, B., Johnson, L., Roekel, L. P. V., McWilliams, J. C., Sullivan, P. P., Hall, P. S., and Dong, J.: Modifying the Mixed Layer Eddy Parameterization to Include Frontogenesis Arrest by Boundary Layer Turbulence, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 53, 323–339, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-21-0297.1, 2023. a
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Version 2.1 of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) adds the Fox-Kemper et al. (2011) mixed-layer eddy parameterization, which restratifies the ocean surface layer through an overturning streamfunction. Results include surface layer bias reduction in temperature, salinity, and sea ice extent in the North Atlantic; a small strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation; and improvements to many atmospheric climatological variables.
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