Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD

Model evaluation paper

11 Sep 2025
Offline Fennel: a high-performance and computationally efficient biogeochemical model within the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)
Júlia Crespin, Jordi Solé, and Miquel Canals
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5891–5912, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5891-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5891-2025, 2025
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10 Sep 2025
Benchmarking soil moisture and its relationship to ecohydrologic variables in Earth System Models
Elias C. Massoud, Nathan Collier, Yaoping Wang, Jiafu Mao, Adrian Harpold, Steven A. Kannenberg, Gerbrand Koren, Mukesh Kumar, Pushpendra Raghav, Pallav Ray, Mingjie Shi, Jing Tao, Sreedevi P. Vasu, Huiqi Wang, Qing Zhu, and Forrest M. Hoffman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3517,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3517, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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08 Sep 2025
An extension of WeatherBench 2 to binary hydroclimatic forecasts
Tongtiegang Zhao, Qiang Li, Tongbi Tu, and Xiaohong Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5781–5799, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5781-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5781-2025, 2025
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08 Sep 2025
Evaluation of coupled and uncoupled ocean-ice-atmosphere simulations using icon_2024.07 and NEMOv4.2.0 for the EURO-CORDEX domain
Vera Maurer, Wibke Düsterhöft-Wriggers, Rebekka Beddig, Janna Meyer, Claudia Hinrichs, Ha Thi Minh Ho-Hagemann, Joanna Staneva, Birte-Marie Ehlers, and Frank Janssen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3407,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3407, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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05 Sep 2025
| Highlight paper
flat10MIP: an emissions-driven experiment to diagnose the climate response to positive, zero and negative CO2 emissions
Benjamin M. Sanderson, Victor Brovkin, Rosie A. Fisher, David Hohn, Tatiana Ilyina, Chris D. Jones, Torben Koenigk, Charles Koven, Hongmei Li, David M. Lawrence, Peter Lawrence, Spencer Liddicoat, Andrew H. MacDougall, Nadine Mengis, Zebedee Nicholls, Eleanor O'Rourke, Anastasia Romanou, Marit Sandstad, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Lori T. Sentman, Isla R. Simpson, Chris Smith, Norman J. Steinert, Abigail L. S. Swann, Jerry Tjiputra, and Tilo Ziehn
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5699–5724, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025, 2025
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05 Sep 2025
Evaluation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide simulated with the EMAC (version 2.55) Chemistry-Climate Model using satellite and ground-based observations
Ismail Makroum, Patrick Jöckel, Martin Dameris, Nicolas Theys, and Johannes De Leeuw
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3915,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3915, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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04 Sep 2025
Simulation of wind and solar energy generation over California with E3SM SCREAM regionally refined models at 3.25 km and 800 m resolutions
Jishi Zhang, Jean–Christophe Golaz, Matthew Vincent Signorotti, Hsiang–He Lee, Peter Bogenschutz, Minda Monteagudo, Paul Aaron Ullrich, Robert S. Arthur, Stephen Po–Chedley, Philip Cameron–smith, and Jean–Paul Watson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3947,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3947, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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01 Sep 2025
Impact of horizontal resolution and model time step on European precipitation extremes in the OpenIFS 43r3 atmospheric model
Yingxue Liu, Joakim Kjellsson, Abhishek Savita, and Wonsun Park
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5435–5449, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5435-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5435-2025, 2025
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27 Aug 2025
Comprehensive evaluation of iAMAS (v1.0) in simulating Antarctic meteorological fields with observations and reanalysis
Qike Yang, Chun Zhao, Jiawang Feng, Gudongze Li, Jun Gu, Zihan Xia, Mingyue Xu, and Zining Yang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5373–5396, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5373-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5373-2025, 2025
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26 Aug 2025
A regional physical–biogeochemical ocean model for marine resource applications in the Northeast Pacific (MOM6-COBALT-NEP10k v1.0)
Elizabeth J. Drenkard, Charles A. Stock, Andrew C. Ross, Yi-Cheng Teng, Theresa Cordero, Wei Cheng, Alistair Adcroft, Enrique Curchitser, Raphael Dussin, Robert Hallberg, Claudine Hauri, Katherine Hedstrom, Albert Hermann, Michael G. Jacox, Kelly A. Kearney, Rémi Pagès, Darren J. Pilcher, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Vivek Seelanki, and Niki Zadeh
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5245–5290, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5245-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5245-2025, 2025
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26 Aug 2025
Mitigating hail overforecasting in the two-moment Milbrandt–Yau microphysics scheme (v2.25.2_beta_04) in WRF (v4.5.1) by incorporating the graupel spongy wet growth process (MY2_GSWG v1.0)
Shaofeng Hua, Gang Chen, Baojun Chen, Mingshan Li, and Xin Xu
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5291–5309, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5291-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5291-2025, 2025
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25 Aug 2025
TROLL 4.0: representing water and carbon fluxes, leaf phenology, and intraspecific trait variation in a mixed-species individual-based forest dynamics model – Part 2: Model evaluation for two Amazonian sites
Sylvain Schmitt, Fabian J. Fischer, James G. C. Ball, Nicolas Barbier, Marion Boisseaux, Damien Bonal, Benoit Burban, Xiuzhi Chen, Géraldine Derroire, Jeremy W. Lichstein, Daniela Nemetschek, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Scott Saleska, Giacomo Sellan, Philippe Verley, Grégoire Vincent, Camille Ziegler, Jérôme Chave, and Isabelle Maréchaux
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5205–5243, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5205-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5205-2025, 2025
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19 Aug 2025
Assessing and enhancing Noah-MP land surface modeling over tropical environments
Yanyan Cheng, Kalli Furtado, Cenlin He, Fei Chen, Alan Ziegler, Song Chen, Matteo Detto, Yuna Mao, Baoxiang Pan, Yoshiko Kosugi, Marryanna Lion, Shoji Noguchi, Satoru Takanashi, Lulie Melling, and Baoqing Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3898,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3898, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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08 Aug 2025
Impacts of the CICE sea ice model and ERA atmosphere on an Antarctic MetROMS ocean model, MetROMS-UHel-v1.0
Cecilia Äijälä, Yafei Nie, Lucía Gutiérrez-Loza, Chiara De Falco, Siv Kari Lauvset, Bin Cheng, David Anthony Bailey, and Petteri Uotila
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4823–4853, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4823-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4823-2025, 2025
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08 Aug 2025
Benchmarking Photolysis Rates: Species for Earth and Exoplanets
Sophia Adams, James Manners, Nathan Mayne, Mei Ting Mak, and Eric Hebrard
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2908,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2908, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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31 Jul 2025
Urban heat forecasting in small cities: Evaluation of a high-resolution operational numerical weather prediction model
Yuqi Huang, Chenghao Wang, Tyler Danzig, Temple R. Lee, and Sandip Pal
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3397,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3397, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 3 comments)
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28 Jul 2025
Regional-scale Hydrologic Model Comparison Including Calibration for Improved River Discharge Simulations into the Mediterranean Sea
Mohamed Hamitouche, Giorgia Fosser, Arezoo RafieeiNasab, and Alessandro Anav
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2752,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2752, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 5 comments)
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28 Jul 2025
Dynamical Linkages Between Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes and Wildfire Spread Processes
Yongli Wang, Chun Yang, Lamei Shi, Qichao Yao, and Linhao Zhong
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3072,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3072, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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24 Jul 2025
Low-level jets in the North and Baltic seas: mesoscale model sensitivity and climatology using WRF V4.2.1
Bjarke T. E. Olsen, Andrea N. Hahmann, Nicolas G. Alonso-de-Linaje, Mark Žagar, and Martin Dörenkämper
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4499–4533, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4499-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4499-2025, 2025
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10 Jul 2025
Why does the signal-to-noise paradox exist in seasonal climate predictability?
Yashas Shivamurthy, Subodh Kumar Saha, Samir Pokhrel, Mahen Konwar, and Utkarsh Verma
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1683,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1683, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 4 comments)
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10 Jul 2025
The spatial distribution of convective precipitation – an evaluation of cloud microphysics schemes with polarimetric radar observations
Gregor Köcher and Tobias Zinner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2475,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2475, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
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10 Jul 2025
Evaluating the E3SMv2-MPAS Ocean-Sea Ice Coupled Unstructured Model in the Arctic: Atlantification Processes and Systematic Biases
Xinyuan Lv, Huizan Wang, Yu Cao, Kaijun Ren, Yangjun Wang, and Hao Ding
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2665,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2665, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
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26 Jun 2025
Highly Scalable Geodynamic Simulations with HyTeG
Ponsuganth Ilangovan, Nils Kohl, and Marcus Mohr
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2552,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2552, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 6 comments)
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26 Jun 2025
Evaluation of Semi-Implicit and Explicit Sedimentation Approaches in the Two-Moment Cloud Microphysics Scheme of ICON
Simon Bolt and Nadja Omanovic
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2804,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2804, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 3 comments)
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18 Jun 2025
Diagnosis of winter precipitation types using the spectral bin model (version 1DSBM-19M): comparison of five methods using ICE-POP 2018 field experiment data
Wonbae Bang, Jacob T. Carlin, Kwonil Kim, Alexander V. Ryzhkov, Guosheng Liu, and GyuWon Lee
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 3559–3581, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3559-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3559-2025, 2025
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12 Jun 2025
The ICON-based Earth System Model for Climate Predictions and Projections (ICON XPP v1.0)
Wolfgang A. Müller, Stephan Lorenz, Trang V. Pham, Andrea Schneidereit, Renate Brokopf, Victor Brovkin, Nils Brüggemann, Fatemeh Chegini, Dietmar Dommenget, Kristina Fröhlich, Barbara Früh, Veronika Gayler, Helmuth Haak, Stefan Hagemann, Moritz Hanke, Tatiana Ilyina, Johann Jungclaus, Martin Köhler, Peter Korn, Luis Kornblüh, Clarissa Kroll, Julian Krüger, Karel Castro-Morales, Ulrike Niemeier, Holger Pohlmann, Iuliia Polkova, Roland Potthast, Thomas Riddick, Manuel Schlund, Tobias Stacke, Roland Wirth, Dakuan Yu, and Jochem Marotzke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2473,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2473, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
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11 Jun 2025
UA-ICON with the NWP physics package (version ua-icon-2.1): mean state and variability of the middle atmosphere
Markus Kunze, Christoph Zülicke, Tarique A. Siddiqui, Claudia C. Stephan, Yosuke Yamazaki, Claudia Stolle, Sebastian Borchert, and Hauke Schmidt
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 3359–3385, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3359-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3359-2025, 2025
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04 Jun 2025
NAAC (v1.0): A Seamless Two-Decade Cross-Scale Simulation from the North American Atlantic Coast to Tidal Wetlands Using the 3D Unstructured-grid Model SCHISM (v5.11.0)
Xun Cai, Qubin Qin, Linlin Cui, Xiucheng Yang, Yinglong Joseph Zhang, and Jian Shen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-593,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-593, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD (discussion: final response, 7 comments)
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28 May 2025
Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1)
Jianyong Ma, Almut Arneth, Benjamin Smith, Peter Anthoni, Xu-Ri, Peter Eliasson, David Wårlind, Martin Wittenbrink, and Stefan Olin
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 3131–3155, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3131-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3131-2025, 2025
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28 May 2025
A barycenter-based approach for the multi-model ensembling of subseasonal forecasts
Camille Le Coz, Alexis Tantet, Rémi Flamary, and Riwal Plougonven
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1330,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1330, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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28 May 2025
Global ocean and sea ice variability simulated in eddy-permitting climate models
Yushi Morioka, Eric Maisonnave, Sébastien Masson, Clement Rousset, Luis Kornblueh, Marco Giorgetta, Masami Nonaka, and Swadhin K. Behera
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2258,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2258, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 8 comments)
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27 May 2025
CMIP6 models overestimate sea ice melt, growth and conduction relative to ice mass balance buoy estimates
Alex E. West and Edward W. Blockley
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 3041–3064, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3041-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3041-2025, 2025
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21 May 2025
Runoff Evaluation in an Earth System Land Model for Permafrost Regions
Xiang Huang, Yu Zhang, Bo Gao, Charles J. Abolt, Ryan L. Crumley, Cansu Demir, Richard P. Fiorella, Bob Busey, Bob Bolton, Scott L. Painter, and Katrina E. Bennett
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1753,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1753, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 12 comments)
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16 May 2025
Resolution dependence of interlinked Southern Ocean biases in global coupled HadGEM3 models
David Storkey, Pierre Mathiot, Michael J. Bell, Dan Copsey, Catherine Guiavarc'h, Helene T. Hewitt, Jeff Ridley, and Malcolm J. Roberts
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2725–2745, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2725-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2725-2025, 2025
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15 May 2025
Optimizing physical scheme selection in RegCM5 for improved air–sea fluxes over Southeast Asia
Quentin Desmet, Marine Herrmann, and Thanh Ngo-Duc
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1579,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1579, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
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15 May 2025
Modeling Indian Ocean circulation to study marine debris dispersion: insights into high-resolution and Stokes drift effects with Symphonie 3.6.6
Lisa Weiss, Marine Herrmann, Patrick Marsaleix, Matthieu Bompoil, and Christophe Maes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1918,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1918, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
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13 May 2025
Evaluation of a coupled ocean and sea-ice model (MOM6-NEP10k) over the Bering Sea and its sensitivity to turbulence decay scales
Vivek Seelanki, Wei Cheng, Phyllis J. Stabeno, Albert J. Hermann, Elizabeth J. Drenkard, Charles A. Stock, and Katherine Hedstrom
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1229,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1229, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD (discussion: final response, 9 comments)
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29 Apr 2025
Modelling stratospheric composition for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service: multi-species evaluation of IFS-COMPO Cy49R1
Simon Chabrillat, Samuel Rémy, Quentin Errera, Vincent Huijnen, Christine Bingen, Jonas Debosscher, François Hendrick, Swen Metzger, Adrien Mora, Daniele Minganti, Marc Op de beek, Léa Reisenfeld, Jason E. Williams, Henk Eskes, and Johannes Flemming
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1327,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1327, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
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14 Apr 2025
Evaluation of dust emission and land surface schemes in predicting a mega Asian dust storm over South Korea using WRF-Chem
Ji Won Yoon, Seungyeon Lee, Ebony Lee, and Seon Ki Park
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2303–2328, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2303-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2303-2025, 2025
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14 Apr 2025
Optimizing Precipitation Parameterizations in Regional Climate Model (RegCM5): A Case Study of the Upper Blue Nile Basin (UBNB)
Eatemad Keshta, Doaa Amin, Ashraf M. ElMoustafa, and Mohamed A. Gad
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-532,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-532, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
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09 Apr 2025
Sensitivity studies of a four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman filter coupled with WRF-Chem version 3.9.1 for improving particulate matter simulation accuracy
Jianyu Lin, Tie Dai, Lifang Sheng, Weihang Zhang, Shangfei Hai, and Yawen Kong
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2231–2248, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2231-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2231-2025, 2025
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07 Apr 2025
Historical trends and controlling factors of isoprene emissions in CMIP6 Earth system models
Ngoc Thi Nhu Do, Kengo Sudo, Akihiko Ito, Louisa K. Emmons, Vaishali Naik, Kostas Tsigaridis, Øyvind Seland, Gerd A. Folberth, and Douglas I. Kelley
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2079–2109, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2079-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2079-2025, 2025
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28 Mar 2025
Impact of topography and meteorological forcing on snow simulation in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC)
Libo Wang, Lawrence Mudryk, Joe R. Melton, Colleen Mortimer, Jason Cole, Gesa Meyer, Paul Bartlett, and Mickaël Lalande
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1264,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1264, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD (discussion: final response, 7 comments)
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26 Mar 2025
The ACCESS-CM2 climate model with a higher resolution ocean-sea ice component (1/4°)
Wilma G. C. Huneke, Andy McC. Hogg, Martin Dix, Daohua Bi, Arnold Sullivan, Shayne McGregor, Chiara Holgate, Siobhan P. O'Farrell, and Micael J. T. Oliveira
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1006,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1006, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 3 comments)
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25 Mar 2025
A new global high-resolution wave model for the tropical ocean using WAVEWATCH III version 7.14
Axelle Gaffet, Xavier Bertin, Damien Sous, Héloïse Michaud, Aron Roland, and Emmanuel Cordier
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1929–1946, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1929-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1929-2025, 2025
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25 Mar 2025
Numerical simulation of nitrous oxide over Asia using regional climate-chemistry-ecology coupling model RegCM-Chem-YIBs
Xin Zeng, Tijian Wang, Congwu Huang, Bingliang Zhuang, Shu Li, Mengmeng Li, Min Xie, Qian Zhang, and Nanhong Xie
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-608,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-608, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for GMD (discussion: final response, 5 comments)
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