Articles | Volume 14, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7545-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7545-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
GMD perspective: The quest to improve the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental- to global-scale models
Department of Civil Engineering and School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Thorsten Wagener
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Institute for Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Petra Döll
Institut für Physische Geographie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main and Senckenberg Leibniz Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Samuel C. Zipper
Department of Civil Engineering and School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
Charles West
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Yoshihide Wada
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
Richard Taylor
Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
Bridget Scanlon
Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Rafael Rosolem
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Shams Rahman
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Nurudeen Oshinlaja
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Water Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Reed Maxwell
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
Min-Hui Lo
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Hyungjun Kim
Moon Soul Graduate School of Future Strategy, Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology, Daejeon, Korea
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology, Daejeon, Korea
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Mary Hill
Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
Andreas Hartmann
Chair of Hydrological Modeling and Water Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Graham Fogg
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources and Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
James S. Famiglietti
School of Environment and Sustainability and Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Agnès Ducharne
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, IPSL, UMR 7619 METIS, Paris, France
Inge de Graaf
Chair of Environmental Hydrological Systems, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Mark Cuthbert
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Water Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Laura Condon
Department of Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Etienne Bresciani
Center for Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
Marc F. P. Bierkens
Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Deltares, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Related authors
Chinchu Mohan, Tom Gleeson, James S. Famiglietti, Vili Virkki, Matti Kummu, Miina Porkka, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Xander Huggins, Dieter Gerten, and Sonja C. Jähnig
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6247–6262, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6247-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The relationship between environmental flow violations and freshwater biodiversity at a large scale is not well explored. This study intended to carry out an exploratory evaluation of this relationship at a large scale. While our results suggest that streamflow and EF may not be the only determinants of freshwater biodiversity at large scales, they do not preclude the existence of relationships at smaller scales or with more holistic EF methods or with other biodiversity data or metrics.
Tunde Olarinoye, Tom Gleeson, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5431–5447, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of karst spring recession is essential for management of groundwater. In karst, recession is dominated by slow and fast components; separating these components is by manual and subjective approaches. In our study, we tested the applicability of automated streamflow recession extraction procedures for a karst spring. Results showed that, by simple modification, streamflow extraction methods can identify slow and fast components: derived recession parameters are within reasonable ranges.
Vili Virkki, Elina Alanärä, Miina Porkka, Lauri Ahopelto, Tom Gleeson, Chinchu Mohan, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Martina Flörke, Dieter Gerten, Simon N. Gosling, Naota Hanasaki, Hannes Müller Schmied, Niko Wanders, and Matti Kummu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3315–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Direct and indirect human actions have altered streamflow across the world since pre-industrial times. Here, we apply a method of environmental flow envelopes (EFEs) that develops the existing global environmental flow assessments by methodological advances and better consideration of uncertainty. By assessing the violations of the EFE, we comprehensively quantify the frequency, severity, and trends of flow alteration during the past decades, illustrating anthropogenic effects on streamflow.
Emmanuel Nyenah, Petra Döll, Martina Flörke, Leon Mühlenbruch, Lasse Nissen, and Robert Reinecke
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5635–5653, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5635-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5635-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We reprogrammed the latest WaterGAP model (2.2e) to create a sustainable global hydrological model. By utilizing best software practices like modular design, version control, and clear documentation, the new WaterGAP supports collaboration across teams. It can be easily understood, applied, and enhanced by both novice and experienced modellers. Additionally, we share the reprogramming process to assist in the reprogramming of other large geoscientific research software.
Seyed-Mohammad Hosseini-Moghari and Petra Döll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 4073–4092, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4073-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4073-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling reservoir outflow and storage is challenging due to limited publicly available data and human decision-making. For 100 reservoirs in the US, we examined how calibrating reservoir algorithms against outflow and storage-related variables affects performance. We found that calibration notably improves storage simulations, while outflow simulations are more influenced by the quality of inflow data. We recommend using remotely sensed storage anomalies to calibrate reservoir algorithms.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Andy J. Pitman, Isaac R. Towers, Gabriele Arduini, Martin J. Best, Craig Ferguson, Jürgen Knauer, Hyungjun Kim, David M. Lawrence, Tomoko Nitta, Keith W. Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Anna Ukkola, Nicholas Vuichard, and Gab Abramowitz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4149, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4149, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
This paper used a large dataset of observations, machine learning predictions, and computer model simulations to test how well land surface models represent the water, energy, and carbon cycles. We found that the models work well under "normal" weather but do not meet performance expectations during coinciding extreme conditions. Since these extremes are relatively rare, targeted model improvements could deliver major performance gains.
Elodie Salmon, Bertrand Guenet, and Agnès Ducharne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3511, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3511, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth System Dynamics (ESD).
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon stockage is a key process to mitigate climate change and is intertwined with soil temperature and moisture and of other secondary soil properties. This study shows the significance of secondary drivers in the relationship between soil moisture and microbial efficiency in soil organic carbon degradation. Using empirical relationships in a global ecosystem model enhanced significantly the heterogeneous spatial pattern of soil organic carbon stock and carbon dioxide fluxes.
Markus Giese, Yvan Caballero, Andreas Hartmann, and Jean-Baptiste Charlier
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 3037–3054, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3037-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3037-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Karst springs respond quickly to environmental changes, making them crucial to understanding climate impacts on groundwater. This study analyses long-term trends in precipitation, temperature, and discharge from more than 50 springs across Europe. Results show that while historical discharge trends align with those of rivers, recent changes are driven by rising temperatures rather than precipitation. These findings highlight climate-driven shifts in groundwater recharge and storage processes.
Francesca Pianosi, Georgios Sarailidis, Kirsty Styles, Philip Oldham, Stephen Hutchings, Rob Lamb, and Thorsten Wagener
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3310, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3310, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS).
Short summary
Short summary
Flood risk models are essential to support risk management. As they simulate complex interactions between climate, the natural and the built environment, they unavoidably embed a range of simplifying assumptions. In this paper, we propose a more rigorous approach to analyse the impact of uncertain assumptions on modelling results. This is important to improve model transparency and set priorities for improving models.
Yanchen Zheng, Gemma Coxon, Mostaquimur Rahman, Ross Woods, Saskia Salwey, Youtong Rong, and Doris E. Wendt
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4247–4271, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4247-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4247-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater is vital for people and ecosystems, but most physical models lack the representation of surface–groundwater interactions, leading to inaccurate streamflow predictions in groundwater-rich areas. This study presents DECIPHeR-GW v1, which links surface and groundwater systems to improve predictions of streamflow and groundwater levels. Tested across England and Wales, DECIPHeR-GW shows high accuracy, especially in southeast England, making it a valuable tool for large-scale water management.
Pia Ebeling, Andreas Musolff, Rohini Kumar, Andreas Hartmann, and Jan H. Fleckenstein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2925–2950, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2925-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2925-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater is a crucial resource at risk due to droughts. To understand drought effects on groundwater levels in Germany, we grouped 6626 wells into six regional and two national patterns. Weather explained half of the level variations with varied response times. Shallow groundwater responds fast and is more vulnerable to short droughts (a few months). Dampened deep heads buffer short droughts but suffer from long droughts and recoveries. Two nationwide trend patterns were linked to human water use.
Arifin, Richard Taylor, Mohammad Shamsudduha, and Agus Mochamad Ramdhan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2941, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2941, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
We used satellite data and global models to estimate groundwater storage changes (ΔGWS) in Indonesia’s Lower Kutai Basin, where the new capital is under development. Of the 36 realizations, approximately 30 % of the estimates are physically implausible. ΔGWS shows weak correlations to climate indices. However, piezometric data confirm responses to the 2015–2016 El Niño and 2020–2022 La Niña, with intense rainfall playing a key role in groundwater recharge.
Ricarda Winkelmann, Donovan P. Dennis, Jonathan F. Donges, Sina Loriani, Ann Kristin Klose, Jesse F. Abrams, Jorge Alvarez-Solas, Torsten Albrecht, David Armstrong McKay, Sebastian Bathiany, Javier Blasco Navarro, Victor Brovkin, Eleanor Burke, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Reik V. Donner, Markus Drüke, Goran Georgievski, Heiko Goelzer, Anna B. Harper, Gabriele Hegerl, Marina Hirota, Aixue Hu, Laura C. Jackson, Colin Jones, Hyungjun Kim, Torben Koenigk, Peter Lawrence, Timothy M. Lenton, Hannah Liddy, José Licón-Saláiz, Maxence Menthon, Marisa Montoya, Jan Nitzbon, Sophie Nowicki, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Francesco Pausata, Stefan Rahmstorf, Karoline Ramin, Alexander Robinson, Johan Rockström, Anastasia Romanou, Boris Sakschewski, Christina Schädel, Steven Sherwood, Robin S. Smith, Norman J. Steinert, Didier Swingedouw, Matteo Willeit, Wilbert Weijer, Richard Wood, Klaus Wyser, and Shuting Yang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1899, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1899, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth System Dynamics (ESD).
Short summary
Short summary
The Tipping Points Modelling Intercomparison Project (TIPMIP) is an international collaborative effort to systematically assess tipping point risks in the Earth system using state-of-the-art coupled and stand-alone domain models. TIPMIP will provide a first global atlas of potential tipping dynamics, respective critical thresholds and key uncertainties, generating an important building block towards a comprehensive scientific basis for policy- and decision-making.
Katja Frieler, Stefan Lange, Jacob Schewe, Matthias Mengel, Simon Treu, Christian Otto, Jan Volkholz, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Stefanie Heinicke, Colin Jones, Julia L. Blanchard, Cheryl S. Harrison, Colleen M. Petrik, Tyler D. Eddy, Kelly Ortega-Cisneros, Camilla Novaglio, Ryan Heneghan, Derek P. Tittensor, Olivier Maury, Matthias Büchner, Thomas Vogt, Dánnell Quesada Chacón, Kerry Emanuel, Chia-Ying Lee, Suzana J. Camargo, Jonas Jägermeyr, Sam Rabin, Jochen Klar, Iliusi D. Vega del Valle, Lisa Novak, Inga J. Sauer, Gitta Lasslop, Sarah Chadburn, Eleanor Burke, Angela Gallego-Sala, Noah Smith, Jinfeng Chang, Stijn Hantson, Chantelle Burton, Anne Gädeke, Fang Li, Simon N. Gosling, Hannes Müller Schmied, Fred Hattermann, Thomas Hickler, Rafael Marcé, Don Pierson, Wim Thiery, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Robert Ladwig, Ana Isabel Ayala-Zamora, Matthew Forrest, Michel Bechtold, Robert Reinecke, Inge de Graaf, Jed O. Kaplan, Alexander Koch, and Matthieu Lengaigne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2103, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2103, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the experiments and data sets necessary to run historic and future impact projections, and the underlying assumptions of future climate change as defined by the 3rd round of the ISIMIP Project (Inter-sectoral Impactmodel Intercomparison Project, isimip.org). ISIMIP provides a framework for cross-sectorally consistent climate impact simulations to contribute to a comprehensive and consistent picture of the world under different climate-change scenarios.
Eric Sauquet, Guillaume Evin, Sonia Siauve, Ryma Aissat, Patrick Arnaud, Maud Bérel, Jérémie Bonneau, Flora Branger, Yvan Caballero, François Colléoni, Agnès Ducharne, Joël Gailhard, Florence Habets, Frédéric Hendrickx, Louis Héraut, Benoît Hingray, Peng Huang, Tristan Jaouen, Alexis Jeantet, Sandra Lanini, Matthieu Le Lay, Claire Magand, Louise Mimeau, Céline Monteil, Simon Munier, Charles Perrin, Olivier Robelin, Fabienne Rousset, Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, Laurent Strohmenger, Guillaume Thirel, Flore Tocquer, Yves Tramblay, Jean-Pierre Vergnes, and Jean-Philippe Vidal
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1788, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1788, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
The Explore2 project has provided an unprecedented set of hydrological projections in terms of the number of hydrological models used and the spatial and temporal resolution. The results have been made available through various media. Under the high-emission scenario, the hydrological models mostly agree on the decrease in seasonal flows in the south of France, confirming its hotspot status, and on the decrease in summer flows throughout France, with the exception of the northern part of France.
Martin Juckes, Karl E. Taylor, Fabrizio Antonio, David Brayshaw, Carlo Buontempo, Jian Cao, Paul J. Durack, Michio Kawamiya, Hyungjun Kim, Tomas Lovato, Chloe Mackallah, Matthew Mizielinski, Alessandra Nuzzo, Martina Stockhause, Daniele Visioni, Jeremy Walton, Briony Turner, Eleanor O'Rourke, and Beth Dingley
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2639–2663, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2639-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2639-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Baseline Climate Variables for Earth System Modelling (ESM-BCVs) are defined as a list of 135 variables which have high utility for the evaluation and exploitation of climate simulations. The list reflects the most frequently used variables from Earth system models based on an assessment of data publication and download records from the largest archive of global climate projects.
Chen Yang, Zitong Jia, Wenjie Xu, Zhongwang Wei, Xiaolang Zhang, Yiguang Zou, Jeffrey McDonnell, Laura Condon, Yongjiu Dai, and Reed Maxwell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2201–2218, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2201-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2201-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the first high-resolution, integrated surface water–groundwater hydrologic model of the entirety of continental China using ParFlow. The model shows good performance in terms of streamflow and water table depth when compared to global data products and observations. It is essential for water resources management and decision-making in China within a consistent framework in the changing world. It also has significant implications for similar modeling in other places in the world.
Nicole Gyakowah Otoo, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Aafke M. Schipper, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2153–2165, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2153-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2153-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution of groundwater to groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) is declining as a result of an increase in groundwater abstractions and climate change. This may lead to loss of habitat and biodiversity. This proposed framework enables the mapping and understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of GDEs on a large scale. The next step is to assess the global impacts of climate change and water use on GDE extent and health.
George Blake, Katerina Michaelides, Elizabeth Kendon, Mark Cuthbert, and Michael Singer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1154, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1154, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dryland rainfall mainly falls during localised storms, with the intensity of these storms key in controlling how water moves through the landscape, but most climate models cannot represent these storms accurately. We find that if you use a model that can represent these storms to understand water resources, you end up with higher soil moisture for plants and groundwater for humans. Any studies of future water resources that don’t use high-resolution models could produce misleading projections.
Robert Reinecke, Annemarie Bäthge, Ricarda Dietrich, Sebastian Gnann, Simon N. Gosling, Danielle Grogan, Andreas Hartmann, Stefan Kollet, Rohini Kumar, Richard Lammers, Sida Liu, Yan Liu, Nils Moosdorf, Bibi Naz, Sara Nazari, Chibuike Orazulike, Yadu Pokhrel, Jacob Schewe, Mikhail Smilovic, Maryna Strokal, Yoshihide Wada, Shan Zuidema, and Inge de Graaf
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1181, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Here we describe a collaborative effort to improve predictions of how climate change will affect groundwater. The ISIMIP groundwater sector combines multiple global groundwater models to capture a range of possible outcomes and reduce uncertainty. Initial comparisons reveal significant differences between models in key metrics like water table depth and recharge rates, highlighting the need for structured model intercomparisons.
Jamie Robert Cameron Brown, Ross Woods, Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha, Debora Regina Roberti, and Rafael Rosolem
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-883, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-883, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, global and regional weather datasets have emerged, but validation with real-world data is crucial, especially in diverse regions like Brazil. This study compares seven key weather variables from five datasets with measurements from 11 sites across Brazil’s main biomes. Results show varying performance across variables and timescales, with one reanalysis product outperforming others overall. Findings suggest it may be a strong choice for multi-variable studies in Brazil.
Pedro Felipe Arboleda-Obando, Agnès Ducharne, Frédérique Cheruy, and Josefine Ghattas
Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2024-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2024-41, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for ESD
Short summary
Short summary
The evolution of irrigation under climate change is analyzed between 1950 and 2100. Results indicate that the influence of irrigation on evapotranspiration in irrigated areas increases in the future (compared to an historical period). Also, the effect of irrigation on water resources is also higher in the future than in the historical period. Finally, we identify areas where future hydroclimate conditions can limit irrigation, or areas where irrigation can increase tensions around water use.
Max Berkelhammer, Gerald F. M. Page, Frank Zurek, Christopher Still, Mariah S. Carbone, William Talavera, Laura Hildebrand, James Byron, Kyle Inthabandith, Angellica Kucinski, Melissa Carlson, Kelsey Foss, Wendy Brown, Rosemary W. H. Carroll, Austin Simonpietri, Marshall Worsham, Ian Breckheimer, Anna Ryken, Reed Maxwell, David Gochis, Mark S. Raleigh, Eric Small, and Kenneth H. Williams
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 701–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-701-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-701-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Warming in montane systems is affecting the snowmelt input amount. At the global scale, this will impact subalpine forests that rely on spring snowmelt to support their water demands. We use a network of sensors across a hillslope in the Upper Colorado Basin to show that the changing spring snowpack has a more pronounced impact on dense forest stands, while open stands show a higher reliance on summer rain and are less sensitive to significant changes in snow.
Howlader Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Petra Döll, Seyed-Mohammad Hosseini-Moghari, Fabrice Papa, and Andreas Güntner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 567–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-567-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-567-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We calibrate a global hydrological model using multiple observations to analyse the benefits and trade-offs of multi-variable calibration. We found such an approach to be very important for understanding the real-world system. However, some observations are very essential to the system, in particular, streamflow. We also showed uncertainties in the calibration results, which are often useful for making informed decisions. We emphasize considering observation uncertainty in model calibration.
Jennie C. Steyaert, Edwin Sutanudjaja, Marc Bierkens, and Niko Wanders
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3658, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3658, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using machine learning techniques and remotely sensed reservoir data, we develop a workflow to derive reservoir storage bounds. We put these bounds in a global hydrologic model, PCR-GLOBWB 2, and evaluate the difference between generalized operations (the schemes typically in global models) and this data derived method. We find that modelled storage is more accurate in the data derived operations. We also find that generalized operations over estimate storage and can underestimate water gaps.
Benjamin D. West, Reed M. Maxwell, and Laura E. Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 245–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-245-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-245-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article describes the addition of reservoirs to the hydrologic model ParFlow. ParFlow is particularly good at helping us understand some of the broader drivers behind different parts of the water cycle. By having reservoirs in such a model, we hope to be able to better understand both our impacts on the environment and how to adjust our management of reservoirs to changing conditions.
Alexandre Gauvain, Ronan Abhervé, Alexandre Coche, Martin Le Mesnil, Clément Roques, Camille Bouchez, Jean Marçais, Sarah Leray, Etienne Marti, Ronny Figueroa, Etienne Bresciani, Camille Vautier, Bastien Boivin, June Sallou, Johan Bourcier, Benoit Combemale, Philip Brunner, Laurent Longuevergne, Luc Aquilina, and Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3962, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3962, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
HydroModPy is an open-source toolbox that makes it easier to study and model groundwater flow at catchment scale. By combining mapping tools with groundwater modeling, it automates the process of building, analyzing and deploying aquifer models. This allows researchers to simulate groundwater flow that sustains stream baseflows, providing insights for the hydrology community. Designed to be accessible and customizable, HydroModPy supports sustainable water management, research, and education.
Barry van Jaarsveld, Niko Wanders, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Jannis Hoch, Bram Droppers, Joren Janzing, Rens L. P. H. van Beek, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Earth Syst. Dynam., 16, 29–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-29-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-29-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Policy makers use global hydrological models to develop water management strategies and policies. However, it would be better if these models provided information at higher resolution. We present a first-of-its-kind, truly global hyper-resolution model and show that hyper-resolution brings about better estimates of river discharge, and this is especially true for smaller catchments. Our results also suggest that future hyper-resolution models need to include more detailed land cover information.
Eshrat Fatima, Rohini Kumar, Sabine Attinger, Maren Kaluza, Oldrich Rakovec, Corinna Rebmann, Rafael Rosolem, Sascha E. Oswald, Luis Samaniego, Steffen Zacharias, and Martin Schrön
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 5419–5441, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5419-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5419-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study establishes a framework to incorporate cosmic-ray neutron measurements into the mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM). We evaluate different approaches to estimate neutron counts within the mHM using the Desilets equation, with uniformly and non-uniformly weighted average soil moisture, and the physically based code COSMIC. The data improved not only soil moisture simulations but also the parameterisation of evapotranspiration in the model.
Hannes Müller Schmied, Tim Trautmann, Sebastian Ackermann, Denise Cáceres, Martina Flörke, Helena Gerdener, Ellen Kynast, Thedini Asali Peiris, Leonie Schiebener, Maike Schumacher, and Petra Döll
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8817–8852, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8817-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8817-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing water availability and water use at the global scale is challenging but essential for a range of purposes. We describe the newest version of the global hydrological model WaterGAP, which has been used for numerous water resource assessments since 1996. We show the effects of new model features, as well as model evaluations, against water abstraction statistics and observed streamflow and water storage anomalies. The publicly available model output for several variants is described.
Gab Abramowitz, Anna Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Jon Cranko Page, Mathew Lipson, Martin G. De Kauwe, Samuel Green, Claire Brenner, Jonathan Frame, Grey Nearing, Martyn Clark, Martin Best, Peter Anthoni, Gabriele Arduini, Souhail Boussetta, Silvia Caldararu, Kyeungwoo Cho, Matthias Cuntz, David Fairbairn, Craig R. Ferguson, Hyungjun Kim, Yeonjoo Kim, Jürgen Knauer, David Lawrence, Xiangzhong Luo, Sergey Malyshev, Tomoko Nitta, Jerome Ogee, Keith Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Phillipe Peylin, Patricia de Rosnay, Heather Rumbold, Bob Su, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Xiaoni Wang-Faivre, Yunfei Wang, and Yijian Zeng
Biogeosciences, 21, 5517–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates land models – computer-based models that simulate ecosystem dynamics; land carbon, water, and energy cycles; and the role of land in the climate system. It uses machine learning and AI approaches to show that, despite the complexity of land models, they do not perform nearly as well as they could given the amount of information they are provided with about the prediction problem.
Emmanuel Nyenah, Petra Döll, Daniel S. Katz, and Robert Reinecke
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8593–8611, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8593-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8593-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Research software is vital for scientific progress but is often developed by scientists with limited skills, time, and funding, leading to challenges in usability and maintenance. Our study across 10 sectors shows strengths in version control, open-source licensing, and documentation while emphasizing the need for containerization and code quality. We recommend workshops; code quality metrics; funding; and following the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) standards.
Peyman Abbaszadeh, Fadji Zaouna Maina, Chen Yang, Dan Rosen, Sujay Kumar, Matthew Rodell, and Reed Maxwell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-280, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-280, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
To manage Earth's water resources effectively amid climate change, it's crucial to understand both surface and groundwater processes. We developed a new modeling system that combines two advanced tools, ParFlow and LIS/Noah-MP, to better simulate both land surface and groundwater interactions. By testing this integrated model in the Upper Colorado River Basin, we found it improves predictions of hydrologic processes, especially in complex terrains.
Robert Hull, Elena Leonarduzzi, Luis De La Fuente, Hoang Viet Tran, Andrew Bennett, Peter Melchior, Reed M. Maxwell, and Laura E. Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4685–4713, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4685-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4685-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale hydrologic simulators are a needed tool to explore complex watershed processes and how they may evolve with a changing climate. However, calibrating them can be difficult because they are costly to run and have many unknown parameters. We implement a state-of-the-art approach to model calibration using neural networks with a set of experiments based on streamflow in the upper Colorado River basin.
Sabin I. Taranu, David M. Lawrence, Yoshihide Wada, Ting Tang, Erik Kluzek, Sam Rabin, Yi Yao, Steven J. De Hertog, Inne Vanderkelen, and Wim Thiery
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7365–7399, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we improved a climate model by adding the representation of water use sectors such as domestic, industry, and agriculture. This new feature helps us understand how water is used and supplied in various areas. We tested our model from 1971 to 2010 and found that it accurately identifies areas with water scarcity. By modelling the competition between sectors when water availability is limited, the model helps estimate the intensity and extent of individual sectors' water shortages.
Peng Huang, Agnès Ducharne, Lucia Rinchiuso, Jan Polcher, Laure Baratgin, Vladislav Bastrikov, and Eric Sauquet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4455–4476, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4455-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4455-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a high-resolution hydrological simulation from 1959 to 2020 across France. We used a simple trial-and-error calibration to reduce the biases of the simulated water budget compared to observations. The selected simulation satisfactorily reproduces water fluxes, including their spatial contrasts and temporal trends. This work offers a reliable historical overview of water resources and a robust configuration for climate change impact analysis at the nationwide scale of France.
Mariana Gomez, Maximilian Nölscher, Andreas Hartmann, and Stefan Broda
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4407–4425, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4407-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4407-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the impact of external factors on groundwater level modelling using a 1-D convolutional neural network (CNN) model, we train, validate, and tune individual CNN models for 505 wells distributed across Lower Saxony, Germany. We then evaluate the performance of these models against available geospatial and time series features. This study provides new insights into the relationship between these factors and the accuracy of groundwater modelling.
Yuwen Fan, Zhao Yang, Min-Hui Lo, Jina Hur, and Eun-Soon Im
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6929–6947, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Irrigated agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP) has a significant impact on the local climate. To better understand this impact, we developed a specialized model specifically for the NCP region. This model allows us to simulate the double-cropping vegetation and the dynamic irrigation practices that are commonly employed in the NCP. This model shows improved performance in capturing the general crop growth, such as crop stages, biomass, crop yield, and vegetation greenness.
Anna Pazola, Mohammad Shamsudduha, Jon French, Alan M. MacDonald, Tamiru Abiye, Ibrahim Baba Goni, and Richard G. Taylor
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2949–2967, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study advances groundwater research using a high-resolution random forest model, revealing new recharge areas and spatial variability, mainly in humid regions. Limited data in rainy zones is a constraint for the model. Our findings underscore the promise of machine learning for large-scale groundwater modelling while further emphasizing the importance of data collection for robust results.
Sarah Hanus, Lilian Schuster, Peter Burek, Fabien Maussion, Yoshihide Wada, and Daniel Viviroli
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5123–5144, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a coupling of the large-scale glacier model OGGM and the hydrological model CWatM. Projected future increase in discharge is less strong while future decrease in discharge is stronger when glacier runoff is explicitly included in the large-scale hydrological model. This is because glacier runoff is projected to decrease in nearly all basins. We conclude that an improved glacier representation can prevent underestimating future discharge changes in large river basins.
Petra Döll, Howlader Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Kerstin Schulze, Helena Gerdener, Lara Börger, Somayeh Shadkam, Sebastian Ackermann, Seyed-Mohammad Hosseini-Moghari, Hannes Müller Schmied, Andreas Güntner, and Jürgen Kusche
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2259–2295, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2259-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2259-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Currently, global hydrological models do not benefit from observations of model output variables to reduce and quantify model output uncertainty. For the Mississippi River basin, we explored three approaches for using both streamflow and total water storage anomaly observations to adjust the parameter sets in a global hydrological model. We developed a method for considering the observation uncertainties to quantify the uncertainty of model output and provide recommendations.
Laura Müller and Petra Döll
Geosci. Commun., 7, 121–144, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To be able to adapt to climate change, stakeholders need to be informed about future uncertain climate change hazards. Using freely available output of global hydrological models, we quantified future local changes in water resources and their uncertainty. To communicate these in participatory processes, we propose using "percentile boxes" to support the development of flexible strategies for climate risk management worldwide, involving stakeholders and scientists.
Yanchen Zheng, Gemma Coxon, Ross Woods, Daniel Power, Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez, David McJannet, Rafael Rosolem, Jianzhu Li, and Ping Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1999–2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1999-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1999-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalysis soil moisture products are a vital basis for hydrological and environmental research. Previous product evaluation is limited by the scale difference (point and grid scale). This paper adopts cosmic ray neutron sensor observations, a novel technique that provides root-zone soil moisture at field scale. In this paper, global harmonized CRNS observations were used to assess products. ERA5-Land, SMAPL4, CFSv2, CRA40 and GLEAM show better performance than MERRA2, GLDAS-Noah and JRA55.
Sadia Bibi, Tingju Zhu, Ashraf Rateb, Bridget R. Scanlon, Muhammad Aqeel Kamran, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Ali Bennour, and Ci Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1725–1750, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1725-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1725-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed 13 global models using GRACE satellite data over 29 river basins. Simulated seasonal water storage cycles showed discrepancies compared to GRACE. The models overestimated seasonal amplitude in boreal basins and showed underestimation in tropical, arid, and temperate zones, with phase differences of 2–3 months compared to GRACE in cold basins and of 1 month in temperate, arid, and semi-arid basins. Seasonal amplitude and phase differences provide insights for model improvement.
Pedro Felipe Arboleda-Obando, Agnès Ducharne, Zun Yin, and Philippe Ciais
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2141–2164, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2141-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2141-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a new irrigation scheme included in the ORCHIDEE land surface model. The new irrigation scheme restrains irrigation due to water shortage, includes water adduction, and represents environmental limits and facilities to access water, due to representing infrastructure in a simple way. Our results show that the new irrigation scheme helps simulate acceptable land surface conditions and fluxes in irrigated areas, even if there are difficulties due to shortcomings and limited information.
Sneha Chevuru, Rens L. P. H. van Beek, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Jerom P. M. Aerts, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-465, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-465, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper integrates PCR-GLOBWB 2 hydrological model with WOFOST crop growth model to analyze mutual feedbacks between hydrology and crop growth. It quantifies one-way and two-way feedbacks between hydrology and crop growth, revealing patterns in crop yield and irrigation water use. Dynamic interactions enhance understanding of climate variability impacts on food production, highlighting the importance of two-way model coupling for accurate assessments.
Jennie C. Steyaert and Laura E. Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1071–1088, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reservoirs impact all river systems in the United States, yet their operations are difficult to quantify due to limited data. Using historical reservoir operations, we find that storage has declined over the past 40 years, with clear regional differences. We observe that active storage ranges are increasing in arid regions and decreasing in humid regions. By evaluating reservoir model assumptions, we find that they may miss out on seasonal dynamics and can underestimate storage.
Luis Andres De la Fuente, Mohammad Reza Ehsani, Hoshin Vijai Gupta, and Laura Elizabeth Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 945–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-945-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-945-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a widely used machine-learning model in hydrology, but it is difficult to extract knowledge from it. We propose HydroLSTM, which represents processes like a hydrological reservoir. Models based on HydroLSTM perform similarly to LSTM while requiring fewer cell states. The learned parameters are informative about the dominant hydrology of a catchment. Our results show how parsimony and hydrological knowledge extraction can be achieved by using the new structure.
Jarno Verkaik, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink, Hai Xiang Lin, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 275–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the parallel PCR-GLOBWB global-scale groundwater model at 30 arcsec resolution (~1 km at the Equator). Named GLOBGM v1.0, this model is a follow-up of the 5 arcmin (~10 km) model, aiming for a higher-resolution simulation of worldwide fresh groundwater reserves under climate change and excessive pumping. For a long transient simulation using a parallel prototype of MODFLOW 6, we show that our implementation is efficient for a relatively low number of processor cores.
Yong Zhang, Graham E. Fogg, HongGuang Sun, Donald M. Reeves, Roseanna M. Neupauer, and Wei Wei
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 179–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-179-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-179-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pollutant release history and source identification are helpful for managing water resources, but it remains a challenge to reliably identify such information for real-world, complex transport processes in rivers and aquifers. In this study, we filled this knowledge gap by deriving a general backward governing equation and developing the efficient solver. Field applications showed that this model and solver are applicable for a broad range of flow systems, dimensions, and spatiotemporal scales.
Thedini Asali Peiris and Petra Döll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3663–3686, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological models often overlook vegetation's response to CO2 and climate, impairing their ability to forecast impacts on evapotranspiration and water resources. To address this, we suggest involving two model variants: (1) the standard method and (2) a modified approach (proposed here) based on the Priestley–Taylor equation (PT-MA). While not universally applicable, a dual approach helps consider uncertainties related to vegetation responses to climate change, enhancing model representation.
Jinghua Xiong, Abhishek, Li Xu, Hrishikesh A. Chandanpurkar, James S. Famiglietti, Chong Zhang, Gionata Ghiggi, Shenglian Guo, Yun Pan, and Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4571–4597, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To overcome the shortcomings associated with limited spatiotemporal coverage, input data quality, and model simplifications in prevailing evaporation (ET) estimates, we developed an ensemble of 4669 unique terrestrial ET subsets using an independent mass balance approach. Long-term mean annual ET is within 500–600 mm yr−1 with a unimodal seasonal cycle and several piecewise trends during 2002–2021. The uncertainty-constrained results underpin the notion of increasing ET in a warming climate.
Edward R. Jones, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Niko Wanders, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Ludovicus P. H. van Beek, and Michelle T. H. van Vliet
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4481–4500, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
DynQual is a new high-resolution global water quality model for simulating total dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand and fecal coliform as indicators of salinity, organic pollution and pathogen pollution, respectively. Output data from DynQual can supplement the observational record of water quality data, which is highly fragmented across space and time, and has the potential to inform assessments in a broad range of fields including ecological, human health and water scarcity studies.
Amanda Triplett and Laura E. Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2763–2785, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2763-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2763-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accelerated melting in mountains is a global phenomenon. The Heihe River basin depends on upstream mountains for its water supply. We built a hydrologic model to examine how shifts in streamflow and warming will impact ground and surface water interactions. The results indicate that degrading permafrost has a larger effect than melting glaciers. Additionally, warming temperatures tend to have more impact than changes to streamflow. These results can inform other mountain–valley system studies.
Trevor Page, Paul Smith, Keith Beven, Francesca Pianosi, Fanny Sarrazin, Susana Almeida, Liz Holcombe, Jim Freer, Nick Chappell, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2523–2534, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2523-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2523-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This publication provides an introduction to the CREDIBLE Uncertainty Estimation (CURE) toolbox. CURE offers workflows for a variety of uncertainty estimation methods. One of its most important features is the requirement that all of the assumptions on which a workflow analysis depends be defined. This facilitates communication with potential users of an analysis. An audit trail log is produced automatically from a workflow for future reference.
Zhe Zhang, Yanping Li, Fei Chen, Phillip Harder, Warren Helgason, James Famiglietti, Prasanth Valayamkunnath, Cenlin He, and Zhenhua Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3809–3825, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Crop models incorporated in Earth system models are essential to accurately simulate crop growth processes on Earth's surface and agricultural production. In this study, we aim to model the spring wheat in the Northern Great Plains, focusing on three aspects: (1) develop the wheat model at a point scale, (2) apply dynamic planting and harvest schedules, and (3) adopt a revised heat stress function. The results show substantial improvements and have great importance for agricultural production.
Claudia Herbert and Petra Döll
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2111–2131, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2111-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2111-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new method for selecting streamflow drought hazard indicators for monitoring drought hazard for human water supply and river ecosystems in large-scale drought early warning systems. Indicators are classified by their inherent assumptions about the habituation of people and ecosystems to the streamflow regime and their level of drought characterization, namely drought magnitude (water deficit at a certain point in time) and severity (cumulated magnitude since drought onset).
Heidi Kreibich, Kai Schröter, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Anne F. Van Loon, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu, Svetlana Agafonova, Amir AghaKouchak, Hafzullah Aksoy, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Blanca Aznar, Laila Balkhi, Marlies H. Barendrecht, Sylvain Biancamaria, Liduin Bos-Burgering, Chris Bradley, Yus Budiyono, Wouter Buytaert, Lucinda Capewell, Hayley Carlson, Yonca Cavus, Anaïs Couasnon, Gemma Coxon, Ioannis Daliakopoulos, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Claire Delus, Mathilde Erfurt, Giuseppe Esposito, Didier François, Frédéric Frappart, Jim Freer, Natalia Frolova, Animesh K. Gain, Manolis Grillakis, Jordi Oriol Grima, Diego A. Guzmán, Laurie S. Huning, Monica Ionita, Maxim Kharlamov, Dao Nguyen Khoi, Natalie Kieboom, Maria Kireeva, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Waldo Lavado-Casimiro, Hong-Yi Li, Maria Carmen LLasat, David Macdonald, Johanna Mård, Hannah Mathew-Richards, Andrew McKenzie, Alfonso Mejia, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Marjolein Mens, Shifteh Mobini, Guilherme Samprogna Mohor, Viorica Nagavciuc, Thanh Ngo-Duc, Huynh Thi Thao Nguyen, Pham Thi Thao Nhi, Olga Petrucci, Nguyen Hong Quan, Pere Quintana-Seguí, Saman Razavi, Elena Ridolfi, Jannik Riegel, Md Shibly Sadik, Nivedita Sairam, Elisa Savelli, Alexey Sazonov, Sanjib Sharma, Johanna Sörensen, Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza, Kerstin Stahl, Max Steinhausen, Michael Stoelzle, Wiwiana Szalińska, Qiuhong Tang, Fuqiang Tian, Tamara Tokarczyk, Carolina Tovar, Thi Van Thu Tran, Marjolein H. J. van Huijgevoort, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Thorsten Wagener, Yueling Wang, Doris E. Wendt, Elliot Wickham, Long Yang, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, and Philip J. Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2009–2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management. We present a dataset containing data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The dataset enables comparative analyses and allows detailed context-specific assessments. Additionally, it supports the testing of socio-hydrological models.
Jens A. de Bruijn, Mikhail Smilovic, Peter Burek, Luca Guillaumot, Yoshihide Wada, and Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2437–2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2437-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2437-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a computer simulation model of the hydrological system and human system, which can simulate the behaviour of individual farmers and their interactions with the water system at basin scale to assess how the systems have evolved and are projected to evolve in the future. For example, we can simulate the effect of subsidies provided on investment in adaptation measures and subsequent effects in the hydrological system, such as a lowering of the groundwater table or reservoir level.
Luis Andres De la Fuente, Mohammad Reza Ehsani, Hoshin Vijai Gupta, and Laura E. Condon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-666, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a widely-used machine learning (ML) model in hydrology. However, it is difficult to extract knowledge from it. We propose HydroLSTM which represents processes analogous to a hydrological reservoir. Models using HydroLSTM perform similarly to LSTM but require fewer cell states. The learned parameters are informative about the dominant hydroclimatic characteristics of a catchment. Our results demonstrate how hydrological knowledge is encoded in the new structure.
Jannis M. Hoch, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Niko Wanders, Rens L. P. H. van Beek, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1383–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To facilitate locally relevant simulations over large areas, global hydrological models (GHMs) have moved towards ever finer spatial resolutions. After a decade-long quest for hyper-resolution (i.e. equal to or smaller than 1 km), the presented work is a first application of a GHM at 1 km resolution over Europe. This not only shows that hyper-resolution can be achieved but also allows for a thorough evaluation of model results at unprecedented detail and the formulation of future research.
Andreas Hartmann, Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier, and Luisa Hopp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1325–1341, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We advance our understanding of including information derived from environmental tracers into hydrological modeling. We present a simple approach that integrates streamflow observations and tracer-derived streamflow contributions for model parameter estimation. We consider multiple observed streamflow components and their variation over time to quantify the impact of their inclusion for streamflow prediction at the catchment scale.
Sandra M. Hauswirth, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Vincent Beijk, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 501–517, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-501-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-501-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forecasts on water availability are important for water managers. We test a hybrid framework based on machine learning models and global input data for generating seasonal forecasts. Our evaluation shows that our discharge and surface water level predictions are able to create reliable forecasts up to 2 months ahead. We show that a hybrid framework, developed for local purposes and combined and rerun with global data, can create valuable information similar to large-scale forecasting models.
Dagmawi Teklu Asfaw, Michael Bliss Singer, Rafael Rosolem, David MacLeod, Mark Cuthbert, Edisson Quichimbo Miguitama, Manuel F. Rios Gaona, and Katerina Michaelides
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 557–571, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-557-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-557-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
stoPET is a new stochastic potential evapotranspiration (PET) generator for the globe at hourly resolution. Many stochastic weather generators are used to generate stochastic rainfall time series; however, no such model exists for stochastically generating plausible PET time series. As such, stoPET represents a significant methodological advance. stoPET generate many realizations of PET to conduct climate studies related to the water balance, agriculture, water resources, and ecology.
Romane Berthelin, Tunde Olarinoye, Michael Rinderer, Matías Mudarra, Dominic Demand, Mirjam Scheller, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 385–400, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Karstic recharge processes have mainly been explored using discharge analysis despite the high influence of the heterogeneous surface on hydrological processes. In this paper, we introduce an event-based method which allows for recharge estimation from soil moisture measurements. The method was tested at a karst catchment in Germany but can be applied to other karst areas with precipitation and soil moisture data available. It will allow for a better characterization of karst recharge processes.
Aniket Gupta, Alix Reverdy, Jean-Martial Cohard, Basile Hector, Marc Descloitres, Jean-Pierre Vandervaere, Catherine Coulaud, Romain Biron, Lucie Liger, Reed Maxwell, Jean-Gabriel Valay, and Didier Voisin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 191–212, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-191-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Patchy snow cover during spring impacts mountainous ecosystems on a large range of spatio-temporal scales. A hydrological model simulated such snow patchiness at 10 m resolution. Slope and orientation controls precipitation, radiation, and wind generate differences in snowmelt, subsurface storage, streamflow, and evapotranspiration. The snow patchiness increases the duration of the snowmelt to stream and subsurface storage, which sustains the plants and streamflow later in the summer.
Chinchu Mohan, Tom Gleeson, James S. Famiglietti, Vili Virkki, Matti Kummu, Miina Porkka, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Xander Huggins, Dieter Gerten, and Sonja C. Jähnig
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6247–6262, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6247-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The relationship between environmental flow violations and freshwater biodiversity at a large scale is not well explored. This study intended to carry out an exploratory evaluation of this relationship at a large scale. While our results suggest that streamflow and EF may not be the only determinants of freshwater biodiversity at large scales, they do not preclude the existence of relationships at smaller scales or with more holistic EF methods or with other biodiversity data or metrics.
Rosanna A. Lane, Gemma Coxon, Jim Freer, Jan Seibert, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5535–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study modelled the impact of climate change on river high flows across Great Britain (GB). Generally, results indicated an increase in the magnitude and frequency of high flows along the west coast of GB by 2050–2075. In contrast, average flows decreased across GB. All flow projections contained large uncertainties; the climate projections were the largest source of uncertainty overall but hydrological modelling uncertainties were considerable in some regions.
Robert Hull, Elena Leonarduzzi, Luis De La Fuente, Hoang Viet Tran, Andrew Bennett, Peter Melchior, Reed M. Maxwell, and Laura E. Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-345, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-345, 2022
Publication in HESS not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
As the stress on water resources from climate change grows, we need models that represent water processes at the scale of counties, states, and even countries in order to make viable predictions about things will change. While such models are powerful, they can be cumbersome to deal with because they are so large. This research explores a novel way of increasing the efficiency of large-scale hydrologic models using an approach called Simulation-Based Inference.
Tunde Olarinoye, Tom Gleeson, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5431–5447, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of karst spring recession is essential for management of groundwater. In karst, recession is dominated by slow and fast components; separating these components is by manual and subjective approaches. In our study, we tested the applicability of automated streamflow recession extraction procedures for a karst spring. Results showed that, by simple modification, streamflow extraction methods can identify slow and fast components: derived recession parameters are within reasonable ranges.
Yan Liu, Jaime Fernández-Ortega, Matías Mudarra, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5341–5355, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5341-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5341-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We adapt the informal Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) with a gamma distribution to apply it as an informal likelihood function in the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis DREAM(ZS) method. Our adapted approach performs as well as the formal likelihood function for exploring posterior distributions of model parameters. The adapted KGE is superior to the formal likelihood function for calibrations combining multiple observations with different lengths, frequencies and units.
Sara Sadri, James S. Famiglietti, Ming Pan, Hylke E. Beck, Aaron Berg, and Eric F. Wood
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5373–5390, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A farm-scale hydroclimatic machine learning framework to advise farmers was developed. FarmCan uses remote sensing data and farmers' input to forecast crop water deficits. The 8 d composite variables are better than daily ones for forecasting water deficit. Evapotranspiration (ET) and potential ET are more effective than soil moisture at predicting crop water deficit. FarmCan uses a crop-specific schedule to use surface or root zone soil moisture.
Jennie C. Steyaert and Laura E. Condon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1051, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1051, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
All river systems in the US are impacted by dams, yet analyses are limited by a lack of data. We use the first national dataset of reservoir data to analyze reservoir storage trends from 1980–2019. We show that reservoir storage has decreased over the past 40 years. The range in monthly storage has increased over time in drier regions and decreased in wetter ones. Lastly, we find that most regions have reservoir storage that takes longer to recover from and are therefore more vulnerable.
Luca Guillaumot, Mikhail Smilovic, Peter Burek, Jens de Bruijn, Peter Greve, Taher Kahil, and Yoshihide Wada
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7099–7120, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7099-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7099-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop and test the first large-scale hydrological model at regional scale with a very high spatial resolution that includes a water management and groundwater flow model. This study infers the impact of surface and groundwater-based irrigation on groundwater recharge and on evapotranspiration in both irrigated and non-irrigated areas. We argue that water table recorded in boreholes can be used as validation data if water management is well implemented and spatial resolution is ≤ 100 m.
Kathrin Wehrli, Fei Luo, Mathias Hauser, Hideo Shiogama, Daisuke Tokuda, Hyungjun Kim, Dim Coumou, Wilhelm May, Philippe Le Sager, Frank Selten, Olivia Martius, Robert Vautard, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 1167–1196, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The ExtremeX experiment was designed to unravel the contribution of processes leading to the occurrence of recent weather and climate extremes. Global climate simulations are carried out with three models. The results show that in constrained experiments, temperature anomalies during heatwaves are well represented, although climatological model biases remain. Further, a substantial contribution of both atmospheric circulation and soil moisture to heat extremes is identified.
Fei Luo, Frank Selten, Kathrin Wehrli, Kai Kornhuber, Philippe Le Sager, Wilhelm May, Thomas Reerink, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Hideo Shiogama, Daisuke Tokuda, Hyungjun Kim, and Dim Coumou
Weather Clim. Dynam., 3, 905–935, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-905-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-905-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have identified the weather systems in observational data, where wave patterns with high-magnitude values that circle around the whole globe in either wavenumber 5 or wavenumber 7 are responsible for the extreme events. In conclusion, we find that the climate models are able to reproduce the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns as well as their associated surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and sea level pressure.
Jiawei Hou, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Hylke E. Beck, Luigi J. Renzullo, and Yoshihide Wada
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3785–3803, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3785-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3785-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used satellite imagery to measure monthly reservoir water volumes for 6695 reservoirs worldwide for 1984–2015. We investigated how changing precipitation, streamflow, evaporation, and human activity affected reservoir water storage. Almost half of the reservoirs showed significant increasing or decreasing trends over the past three decades. These changes are caused, first and foremost, by changes in precipitation rather than by changes in net evaporation or dam release patterns.
Vili Virkki, Elina Alanärä, Miina Porkka, Lauri Ahopelto, Tom Gleeson, Chinchu Mohan, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Martina Flörke, Dieter Gerten, Simon N. Gosling, Naota Hanasaki, Hannes Müller Schmied, Niko Wanders, and Matti Kummu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3315–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Direct and indirect human actions have altered streamflow across the world since pre-industrial times. Here, we apply a method of environmental flow envelopes (EFEs) that develops the existing global environmental flow assessments by methodological advances and better consideration of uncertainty. By assessing the violations of the EFE, we comprehensively quantify the frequency, severity, and trends of flow alteration during the past decades, illustrating anthropogenic effects on streamflow.
William Rust, John P. Bloomfield, Mark Cuthbert, Ron Corstanje, and Ian Holman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2449–2467, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We highlight the importance of the North Atlantic Oscillation in controlling droughts in the UK. Specifically, multi-year cycles in the NAO are shown to influence the frequency of droughts and this influence changes considerably over time. We show that the influence of these varying controls is similar to the projected effects of climate change on water resources. We also show that these time-varying behaviours have important implications for water resource forecasts used for drought planning.
Jida Wang, Blake A. Walter, Fangfang Yao, Chunqiao Song, Meng Ding, Abu Sayeed Maroof, Jingying Zhu, Chenyu Fan, Jordan M. McAlister, Safat Sikder, Yongwei Sheng, George H. Allen, Jean-François Crétaux, and Yoshihide Wada
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1869–1899, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1869-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1869-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Improved water infrastructure data on dams and reservoirs remain to be critical to hydrologic modeling, energy planning, and environmental conservation. We present a new global dataset, GeoDAR, that includes nearly 25 000 georeferenced dam points and their associated reservoir boundaries. A majority of these features can be linked to the register of the International Commission on Large Dams, extending the potential of registered attribute information for spatially explicit applications.
Yong Chang, Benjamin Mewes, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-77, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a work to investigate the feasibility of using EC to predict the discharge in a typical karst catchment. We found that the spring discharge can be well predicted by EC in storms using LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model, while the prediction has relatively large uncertainties in small recharge events. To establish a roust LSTM model for long-term discharge prediction from EC in ungauged catchments, the random or fixed-interval discharge monitoring strategy is recommended.
Heye Reemt Bogena, Martin Schrön, Jannis Jakobi, Patrizia Ney, Steffen Zacharias, Mie Andreasen, Roland Baatz, David Boorman, Mustafa Berk Duygu, Miguel Angel Eguibar-Galán, Benjamin Fersch, Till Franke, Josie Geris, María González Sanchis, Yann Kerr, Tobias Korf, Zalalem Mengistu, Arnaud Mialon, Paolo Nasta, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Vassilios Pisinaras, Daniel Rasche, Rafael Rosolem, Hami Said, Paul Schattan, Marek Zreda, Stefan Achleitner, Eduardo Albentosa-Hernández, Zuhal Akyürek, Theresa Blume, Antonio del Campo, Davide Canone, Katya Dimitrova-Petrova, John G. Evans, Stefano Ferraris, Félix Frances, Davide Gisolo, Andreas Güntner, Frank Herrmann, Joost Iwema, Karsten H. Jensen, Harald Kunstmann, Antonio Lidón, Majken Caroline Looms, Sascha Oswald, Andreas Panagopoulos, Amol Patil, Daniel Power, Corinna Rebmann, Nunzio Romano, Lena Scheiffele, Sonia Seneviratne, Georg Weltin, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1125–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of increasingly frequent droughts is a prerequisite for climate adaptation strategies. This data paper presents long-term soil moisture measurements recorded by 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) operated by 24 institutions and distributed across major climate zones in Europe. Data processing followed harmonized protocols and state-of-the-art methods to generate consistent and comparable soil moisture products and to facilitate continental-scale analysis of hydrological extremes.
Martin Horwath, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Anny Cazenave, Hindumathi Kulaiappan Palanisamy, Florence Marti, Ben Marzeion, Frank Paul, Raymond Le Bris, Anna E. Hogg, Inès Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Petra Döll, Denise Cáceres, Hannes Müller Schmied, Johnny A. Johannessen, Jan Even Øie Nilsen, Roshin P. Raj, René Forsberg, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Valentina R. Barletta, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Per Knudsen, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Heidi Ranndal, Stine K. Rose, Christopher J. Merchant, Claire R. Macintosh, Karina von Schuckmann, Kristin Novotny, Andreas Groh, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 411–447, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global mean sea-level change observed from 1993 to 2016 (mean rate of 3.05 mm yr−1) matches the combined effect of changes in water density (thermal expansion) and ocean mass. Ocean-mass change has been assessed through the contributions from glaciers, ice sheets, and land water storage or directly from satellite data since 2003. Our budget assessments of linear trends and monthly anomalies utilise new datasets and uncertainty characterisations developed within ESA's Climate Change Initiative.
Shaini Naha, Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez, and Rafael Rosolem
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6339–6357, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6339-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6339-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid growth in population in developing countries leads to an increase in food demand, and as a consequence, percentages of land are being converted to cropland which alters river flow processes. This study describes how the hydrology of a flood-prone river basin in India would respond to the current and future changes in land cover. Our findings indicate that the recurrent flood events occurring in the basin might be influenced by these changes in land cover at the catchment scale.
Mary M. F. O'Neill, Danielle T. Tijerina, Laura E. Condon, and Reed M. Maxwell
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7223–7254, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7223-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7223-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the hydrologic cycle at high resolution and at large spatial scales is an incredible opportunity and challenge for hydrologists. In this paper, we present the results of a high-resolution hydrologic simulation configured over the contiguous United States. We discuss simulated water fluxes through groundwater, soil, plants, and over land, and we compare model results to in situ observations and satellite products in order to build confidence and guide future model development.
Daniel Power, Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez, Sharon Desilets, Darin Desilets, and Rafael Rosolem
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7287–7307, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7287-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7287-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmic-ray neutron sensors estimate root-zone soil moisture at sub-kilometre scales. There are national-scale networks of these sensors across the globe; however, methods for converting neutron signals to soil moisture values are inconsistent. This paper describes our open-source Python tool that processes raw sensor data into soil moisture estimates. The aim is to allow a user to ensure they have a harmonized data set, along with informative metadata, to facilitate both research and teaching.
Seoung Soo Lee, Kyung-Ja Ha, Manguttathil Gopalakrishnan Manoj, Mohammad Kamruzzaman, Hyungjun Kim, Nobuyuki Utsumi, Youtong Zheng, Byung-Gon Kim, Chang Hoon Jung, Junshik Um, Jianping Guo, Kyoung Ock Choi, and Go-Un Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16843–16868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a modeling framework, a midlatitude stratocumulus cloud system is simulated. It is found that cloud mass in the system becomes very low due to interactions between ice and liquid particles compared to that in the absence of ice particles. It is also found that interactions between cloud mass and aerosols lead to a reduction in cloud mass in the system, and this is contrary to an aerosol-induced increase in cloud mass in the absence of ice particles.
Axel P. Belemtougri, Agnès Ducharne, and Harouna Karambiri
Proc. IAHS, 384, 19–23, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-19-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-19-2021, 2021
E. Andrés Quichimbo, Michael Bliss Singer, Katerina Michaelides, Daniel E. J. Hobley, Rafael Rosolem, and Mark O. Cuthbert
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6893–6917, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6893-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6893-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding and quantifying water partitioning in dryland regions are of key importance to anticipate the future impacts of climate change in water resources and dryland ecosystems. Here, we have developed a simple hydrological model (DRYP) that incorporates the key processes of water partitioning in drylands. DRYP is a modular, versatile, and parsimonious model that can be used to anticipate and plan for climatic and anthropogenic changes to water fluxes and storage in dryland regions.
Marc F. P. Bierkens, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5859–5878, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5859-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5859-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a simple analytical framework that allows us to estimate to what extent large-scale groundwater withdrawal affects groundwater levels and streamflow. It also calculates which part of the groundwater withdrawal comes out of groundwater storage and which part from a reduction in streamflow. Global depletion rates obtained with the framework are compared with estimates from satellites, from global- and continental-scale groundwater models, and from in situ datasets.
Daisuke Tokuda, Hyungjun Kim, Dai Yamazaki, and Taikan Oki
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5669–5693, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5669-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5669-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed TCHOIR, a hydrologic simulation framework, to solve fluvial- and thermodynamics of the river–lake continuum. This provides an algorithm for upscaling high-resolution topography as well, which enables the representation of those interactions at the global scale. Validation against in situ and satellite observations shows that the coupled mode outperforms river- or lake-only modes. TCHOIR will contribute to elucidating the role of surface hydrology in Earth’s energy and water cycle.
Tesfalem Abraham, Yan Liu, Sirak Tekleab, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-271, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-271, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we demonstrate the use of global data products for the regionalization of model parameters. We combine three steps of uncertainty quantification from the parameter sampling, best parameter sets identification, and spatial cross-validation. Our results show the best validation parameters provide the most robust regionalization results, and the uncertainties from the regionalization in the ungauged catchments are higher than those obtained from simulations in the gauged catchments.
Jan L. Gunnink, Hung Van Pham, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3297–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3297-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3297-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the Mekong Delta (Vietnam) groundwater is important for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Increased pumping of groundwater has caused land subsidence and increased the risk of salinization, thereby endangering the livelihood of the population in the delta. We made a model of the salinity of the groundwater by integrating different sources of information and determined fresh groundwater volumes. The resulting model can be used by researchers and policymakers.
Jun Zhang, Laura E. Condon, Hoang Tran, and Reed M. Maxwell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3263–3279, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3263-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3263-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Existing national topographic datasets for the US may not be compatible with gridded hydrologic models. A national topographic dataset developed to support physically based hydrologic models at 1 km and 250 m over the contiguous US is provided. We used a Priority Flood algorithm to ensure hydrologically consistent drainage networks and evaluated the performance with an integrated hydrologic model. Datasets and scripts are available for direct data usage or modification of processing as desired.
Maria Magdalena Warter, Michael Bliss Singer, Mark O. Cuthbert, Dar Roberts, Kelly K. Caylor, Romy Sabathier, and John Stella
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3713–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Intensified drying of soil and grassland vegetation is raising the impact of fire severity and extent in Southern California. While browned grassland is a common sight during the dry season, this study has shown that there is a pronounced shift in the timing of senescence, due to changing climate conditions favoring milder winter temperatures and increased precipitation variability. Vegetation may be limited in its ability to adapt to these shifts, as drought periods become more frequent.
Camelia-Eliza Telteu, Hannes Müller Schmied, Wim Thiery, Guoyong Leng, Peter Burek, Xingcai Liu, Julien Eric Stanislas Boulange, Lauren Seaby Andersen, Manolis Grillakis, Simon Newland Gosling, Yusuke Satoh, Oldrich Rakovec, Tobias Stacke, Jinfeng Chang, Niko Wanders, Harsh Lovekumar Shah, Tim Trautmann, Ganquan Mao, Naota Hanasaki, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Yadu Pokhrel, Luis Samaniego, Yoshihide Wada, Vimal Mishra, Junguo Liu, Petra Döll, Fang Zhao, Anne Gädeke, Sam S. Rabin, and Florian Herz
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3843–3878, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse water storage compartments, water flows, and human water use sectors included in 16 global water models that provide simulations for the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b. We develop a standard writing style for the model equations. We conclude that even though hydrologic processes are often based on similar equations, in the end these equations have been adjusted, or the models have used different values for specific parameters or specific variables.
Thorsten Wagener, Dragan Savic, David Butler, Reza Ahmadian, Tom Arnot, Jonathan Dawes, Slobodan Djordjevic, Roger Falconer, Raziyeh Farmani, Debbie Ford, Jan Hofman, Zoran Kapelan, Shunqi Pan, and Ross Woods
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2721–2738, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2721-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2721-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
How can we effectively train PhD candidates both (i) across different knowledge domains in water science and engineering and (ii) in computer science? To address this issue, the Water Informatics in Science and Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training (WISE CDT) offers a postgraduate programme that fosters enhanced levels of innovation and collaboration by training a cohort of engineers and scientists at the boundary of water informatics, science and engineering.
Eklavyya Popat and Petra Döll
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1337–1354, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Two drought hazard indices are presented that combine drought deficit and anomaly aspects: one for soil moisture drought (SMDAI) where we simplified the DSI and the other for streamflow drought (QDAI), which is to our knowledge the first ever deficit anomaly drought index including surface water demand. Both indices are tested at the global scale with WaterGAP 2.2d outputs, providing more differentiated spatial and temporal patterns distinguishing the actual degree of respective drought hazard.
William Rust, Mark Cuthbert, John Bloomfield, Ron Corstanje, Nicholas Howden, and Ian Holman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2223–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2223-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2223-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we find evidence for the cyclical behaviour (on a 7-year basis) in UK streamflow records that match the main cycle of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Furthermore, we find that the strength of these 7-year cycles in streamflow is dependent on proportional contributions from groundwater and the response times of the underlying groundwater systems. This may allow for improvements to water management practices through better understanding of long-term streamflow behaviour.
Hiroki Mizuochi, Agnès Ducharne, Frédérique Cheruy, Josefine Ghattas, Amen Al-Yaari, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Vladislav Bastrikov, Philippe Peylin, Fabienne Maignan, and Nicolas Vuichard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2199–2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2199-2021, 2021
Hannes Müller Schmied, Denise Cáceres, Stephanie Eisner, Martina Flörke, Claudia Herbert, Christoph Niemann, Thedini Asali Peiris, Eklavyya Popat, Felix Theodor Portmann, Robert Reinecke, Maike Schumacher, Somayeh Shadkam, Camelia-Eliza Telteu, Tim Trautmann, and Petra Döll
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1037–1079, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In a globalized world with large flows of virtual water between river basins and international responsibilities for the sustainable development of the Earth system and its inhabitants, quantitative estimates of water flows and storages and of water demand by humans are required. Global hydrological models such as WaterGAP are developed to provide this information. Here we present a thorough description, evaluation and application examples of the most recent model version, WaterGAP v2.2d.
Robert Reinecke, Hannes Müller Schmied, Tim Trautmann, Lauren Seaby Andersen, Peter Burek, Martina Flörke, Simon N. Gosling, Manolis Grillakis, Naota Hanasaki, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Yadu Pokhrel, Wim Thiery, Yoshihide Wada, Satoh Yusuke, and Petra Döll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 787–810, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-787-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-787-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Billions of people rely on groundwater as an accessible source of drinking water and for irrigation, especially in times of drought. Groundwater recharge is the primary process of regenerating groundwater resources. We find that groundwater recharge will increase in northern Europe by about 19 % and decrease by 10 % in the Amazon with 3 °C global warming. In the Mediterranean, a 2 °C warming has already lead to a reduction in recharge by 38 %. However, these model predictions are uncertain.
Edward R. Jones, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Manzoor Qadir, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 237–254, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-237-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-237-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Continually improving and affordable wastewater management provides opportunities for both pollution reduction and clean water supply augmentation. This study provides a global outlook on the state of domestic and industrial wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse. Our results can serve as a baseline in evaluating progress towards policy goals (e.g. Sustainable Development Goals) and as input data in large-scale water resource assessments (e.g. water quality modelling).
Isaac Kipkemoi, Katerina Michaelides, Rafael Rosolem, and Michael Bliss Singer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-48, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-48, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The work is a novel investigation of the role of temporal rainfall resolution and intensity in affecting the water balance of soil in a dryland environment. This research has implications for what rainfall data are used to assess the impact of climate and climate change on the regional water balance. This information is critical for anticipating the impact of a changing climate on dryland communities globally who need it to know when to plant their seeds or where livestock pasture is available.
Gabriel C. Rau, Mark O. Cuthbert, R. Ian Acworth, and Philipp Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 6033–6046, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6033-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6033-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work provides an important generalisation of a previously developed method that quantifies subsurface barometric efficiency using the groundwater level response to Earth and atmospheric tides. The new approach additionally allows the quantification of hydraulic conductivity and specific storage. This enables improved and rapid assessment of subsurface processes and properties using standard pressure measurements.
Richard Essery, Hyungjun Kim, Libo Wang, Paul Bartlett, Aaron Boone, Claire Brutel-Vuilmet, Eleanor Burke, Matthias Cuntz, Bertrand Decharme, Emanuel Dutra, Xing Fang, Yeugeniy Gusev, Stefan Hagemann, Vanessa Haverd, Anna Kontu, Gerhard Krinner, Matthieu Lafaysse, Yves Lejeune, Thomas Marke, Danny Marks, Christoph Marty, Cecile B. Menard, Olga Nasonova, Tomoko Nitta, John Pomeroy, Gerd Schädler, Vladimir Semenov, Tatiana Smirnova, Sean Swenson, Dmitry Turkov, Nander Wever, and Hua Yuan
The Cryosphere, 14, 4687–4698, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4687-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4687-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models are uncertain in predicting how warming changes snow cover. This paper compares 22 snow models with the same meteorological inputs. Predicted trends agree with observations at four snow research sites: winter snow cover does not start later, but snow now melts earlier in spring than in the 1980s at two of the sites. Cold regions where snow can last until late summer are predicted to be particularly sensitive to warming because the snow then melts faster at warmer times of year.
Elisa Bozzolan, Elizabeth Holcombe, Francesca Pianosi, and Thorsten Wagener
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3161–3177, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3161-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3161-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We include informal housing in slope stability analysis, considering different slope properties and precipitation events (including climate change). The dominant failure processes are identified, and their relative role in slope failure is quantified. A new rainfall threshold is assessed for urbanised slopes. Instability
rulesare provided to recognise urbanised slopes most at risk. The methodology is suitable for regions with scarce field measurements and landslide inventories.
Lena R. Boysen, Victor Brovkin, Julia Pongratz, David M. Lawrence, Peter Lawrence, Nicolas Vuichard, Philippe Peylin, Spencer Liddicoat, Tomohiro Hajima, Yanwu Zhang, Matthias Rocher, Christine Delire, Roland Séférian, Vivek K. Arora, Lars Nieradzik, Peter Anthoni, Wim Thiery, Marysa M. Laguë, Deborah Lawrence, and Min-Hui Lo
Biogeosciences, 17, 5615–5638, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5615-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5615-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We find a biogeophysically induced global cooling with strong carbon losses in a 20 million square kilometre idealized deforestation experiment performed by nine CMIP6 Earth system models. It takes many decades for the temperature signal to emerge, with non-local effects playing an important role. Despite a consistent experimental setup, models diverge substantially in their climate responses. This study offers unprecedented insights for understanding land use change effects in CMIP6 models.
Natasha MacBean, Russell L. Scott, Joel A. Biederman, Catherine Ottlé, Nicolas Vuichard, Agnès Ducharne, Thomas Kolb, Sabina Dore, Marcy Litvak, and David J. P. Moore
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5203–5230, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5203-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5203-2020, 2020
Denise Cáceres, Ben Marzeion, Jan Hendrik Malles, Benjamin Daniel Gutknecht, Hannes Müller Schmied, and Petra Döll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4831–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4831-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4831-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed how and to which extent changes in water storage on continents had an effect on global ocean mass over the period 1948–2016. Continents lost water to oceans at an accelerated rate, inducing sea level rise. Shrinking glaciers explain 81 % of the long-term continental water mass loss, while declining groundwater levels, mainly due to sustained groundwater pumping for irrigation, is the second major driver. This long-term decline was partly offset by the impoundment of water in dams.
Gemma Coxon, Nans Addor, John P. Bloomfield, Jim Freer, Matt Fry, Jamie Hannaford, Nicholas J. K. Howden, Rosanna Lane, Melinda Lewis, Emma L. Robinson, Thorsten Wagener, and Ross Woods
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2459–2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2459-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2459-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first large-sample catchment hydrology dataset for Great Britain. The dataset collates river flows, catchment attributes, and catchment boundaries for 671 catchments across Great Britain. We characterise the topography, climate, streamflow, land cover, soils, hydrogeology, human influence, and discharge uncertainty of each catchment. The dataset is publicly available for the community to use in a wide range of environmental and modelling analyses.
Nicolas Massei, Daniel G. Kingston, David M. Hannah, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Bastien Dieppois, Manuel Fossa, Andreas Hartmann, David A. Lavers, and Benoit Laignel
Proc. IAHS, 383, 141–149, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-141-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-141-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents recent thoughts by members of EURO-FRIEND Water project 3 “Large-scale-variations in hydrological characteristics” about research needed to characterize and understand large-scale hydrology under global changes. Emphasis is put on the necessary efforts to better understand 1 – the impact of low-frequency climate variability on hydrological trends and extremes, 2 – the role of basin properties on modulating the climate signal producing hydrological responses on the basin scale.
Cited articles
Al-Yaari, A., Ducharne, A., Cheruy, F., Crow, W. T., and Wigneron, J. P.:
Satellite-based soil moisture provides missing link between summertime
precipitation and surface temperature biases in CMIP5 simulations over
conterminous United States, Scientific Reports, 9, 1657,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38309-5, 2019.
Anderson, M. P., Woessner, W. W., and Hunt, R. J.: Applied groundwater modeling, 2nd edn., Academic Press, San Diego, 2015.
Anderson, R. G., Lo, M.-H., Swenson, S., Famiglietti, J. S., Tang, Q., Skaggs, T. H., Lin, Y.-H., and Wu, R.-J.: Using satellite-based estimates of evapotranspiration and groundwater changes to determine anthropogenic water fluxes in land surface models, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3021–3031, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3021-2015, 2015.
Anyah, R. O., Weaver, C. P., Miguez-Macho, G., Fan, Y., and Robock, A.
Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 3. Simulated
groundwater influence on coupled land-atmosphere variability, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D07103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009087, 2008.
Aspinall, W.: A route to more tractable expert advice, Nature, 463, 294–295, https://doi.org/10.1038/463294a, 2010.
ASTM Standard Guide for Conducting a Sensitivity Analysis for a Groundwater
Flow Model Application, ASTM International D5611-94, West Conshohocken, PA,
available at: https://www.astm.org/ (last access: 15 November 2021), 2016.
Bamber, J. L. and Aspinall, W. P.: An expert judgement assessment of future sea level rise from the ice sheets, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 424–427, 2013.
Barnett, B., Townley, L. R., Post, V. E. A., Evans, R. E., Hunt, R. J., Peeters, L., Richardson, S., Werner, A. D., Knapton, A., Boronkay, A.: Australian groundwater modelling guidelines, National Water Commission, Canberra, 203 pp., 2012.
Barthel, R.: HESS Opinions “Integration of groundwater and surface water research: an interdisciplinary problem?”, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2615–2628, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2615-2014, 2014.
Beck, H. E., van Dijk, A. I. J. M., Miralles, D. G., de Jeu, R. A. M., Bruijnzeel, L. A., McVicar, T. R., and Schellekens, J.: Global patterns in base flow index and recession based on streamflow observations from 3394 catchments, Water Resour. Res., 49, 7843–7863, 2013.
Befus, K., Jasechko, S., Luijendijk, E., Gleeson, T., and Cardenas, M. B.: The rapid yet uneven turnover of Earth's groundwater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 5511–5520, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073322, 2017.
Best, M. J., Pryor, M., Clark, D. B., Rooney, G. G., Essery, R. L. H., Ménard, C. B., Edwards, J. M., Hendry, M. A., Porson, A., Gedney, N., Mercado, L. M., Sitch, S., Blyth, E., Boucher, O., Cox, P. M., Grimmond, C. S. B., and Harding, R. J.: The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), model description – Part 1: Energy and water fluxes, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 677–699, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-677-2011, 2011.
Beven, K.: On the concept of model structural error, Water Sci. Technol., 52, 167–175, 2005.
Beven, K.: Facets of uncertainty: epistemic uncertainty, nonstationarity,
likelihood, hypothesis testing, and communication, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 61, 1652–1665, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2015.1031761, 2016.
Beven, K.: How to make advances in hydrological modelling, Hydrol. Res., 50, 1481–1494, 2019.
Beven, K.: Deep learning, hydrological processes and the uniqueness of place,
Hydrol. Process., 34, 3608–3613, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13805, 2020.
Beven, K. J., Aspinall, W. P., Bates, P. D., Borgomeo, E., Goda, K., Hall, J. W., Page, T., Phillips, J. C., Simpson, M., Smith, P. J., Wagener, T., and Watson, M.: Epistemic uncertainties and natural hazard risk assessment – Part 2: What should constitute good practice?, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2769–2783, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2769-2018, 2018.
Bierkens, M. F. P.: Global hydrology 2015: State, trends, and directions, Water Resour. Res., 51, 4923–4947, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017173, 2015.
Bierkens, M. F. P. and Wada, Y.: Non-renewable groundwater use and
groundwater depletion: A review, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 063002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1a5f, 2019.
Blöschl, G., Sivapalan, M., Wagener, T., Viglione, A., and Savenije, H. (Eds.): Runoff Prediction in Ungauged Basins: Synthesis Across Processes, Places and Scales, Cambridge University Press, 465 pp., ISBN: 978-1107028180, 2013.
Boone, A. A., Habets, F., Noilhan, J., Clark, D., Dirmeyer, P., Fox, S.,
Gusev, Y., Haddeland, I., Koster, R., Lohmann, D., Mahanama, S., Mitchell,
K., Nasonova, O., Niu, G. Y., Pitman, A., Polcher, J., Shmakin, A. B.,
Tanaka, K., Van Den Hurk, B., Vérant, S., Verseghy, D., Viterbo, P., and
Yang, Z. L.: The Rhône-aggregation land surface scheme intercomparison
project: An overview, J. Climate, 17, 187–208,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0187:TRLSSI>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Borgonovo, E., Lu, X., Plischke, E., Rakovec, O., and Hill, M. C.: Making the
most out of a hydrological model data set: Sensitivity analyses to open the
model black-box, Water Resour. Res., 53, 7933–7950, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020767, 2017.
Bresciani, E., Goderniaux, P., and Batelaan, O.: Hydrogeological controls of
water table-land surface interactions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 9653–9661, 2016.
Bresciani, E., Cranswick, R. H., Banks, E. W., Batlle-Aguilar, J., Cook, P. G., and Batelaan, O.: Using hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between mountain-front and mountain-block recharge to basin aquifers, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1629–1648, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1629-2018, 2018.
Brunner, P. and Simmons, C. T.: HydroGeoSphere: A Fully Integrated, Physically Based Hydrological Model, Groundwater, 50, 170–176, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00882.x, 2012.
Brunner, P., Doherty, J., and Simmons, C. T.: Uncertainty assessment and
implications for data acquisition in support of integrated hydrologic
models, Water Resour. Res., 48, W07513, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011342, 2012.
Burgess, W. G., Shamsudduha, M., Taylor, R. G., Zahid, A., Ahmed, K. M.,
Mukherjee, A., Lapworth, D. J., and Bense, V. F.: Terrestrial water load and
groundwater fluctuation in the Bengal Basin, Scientific Reports, 7, 3872, 2017.
Cáceres, D., Marzeion, B., Malles, J. H., Gutknecht, B. D., Müller Schmied, H., and Döll, P.: Assessing global water mass transfers from continents to oceans over the period 1948–2016, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4831–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4831-2020, 2020.
Ceola, S., Arheimer, B., Baratti, E., Blöschl, G., Capell, R., Castellarin, A., Freer, J., Han, D., Hrachowitz, M., Hundecha, Y., Hutton, C., Lindström, G., Montanari, A., Nijzink, R., Parajka, J., Toth, E., Viglione, A., and Wagener, T.: Virtual laboratories: new opportunities for collaborative water science, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2101–2117, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2101-2015, 2015.
Clark, M. P., Slater, A. G., Rupp, D. E., Woods, R. A., Vrugt, J. A., Gupta, H. V., Wagener, T., and Hay, L. E.: Framework for Understanding Structural
Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between
hydrological models, Water Resour. Res., 44, W00B02,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006735, 2008.
Clark, M. P., Nijssen, B., Lundquist, J. D., Kavetski, D., Rupp, D. E.,
Woods, R. A., Freer, J. E., Gutmann, E. D., Wood, A. W., Brekke, L. D.,
Arnold, J. R., Gochis, D. J., and Rasmussen R. M.: A unified approach for
process-based hydrologic modeling: 1. Modeling concept, Water Resour. Res., 51, 2498–2514, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017198, 2015.
Condon, L. E. and Maxwell, R. M.: Simulating the sensitivity of
evapotranspiration and streamflow to large-scale groundwater depletion, Science Advances, 5, eaav4574, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav4574, 2019.
Condon, L. E., Markovich, K. H., Kelleher, C. A., McDonnell, J. J.,
Ferguson, G., and McIntosh, J. C.: Where Is the Bottom of a Watershed?,
Water Resour. Res., 56, e2019WR026010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026010, 2020.
Condon, L. E., Kollet, S., Bierkens, M. F. P., Maxwell, R. M., Hill, M. C., Verhoef, A., Van Loon, A. F., Fogg, G. E., Sulis, M., Fransen, H.-J. H., and Corinna Abesser, C.: Global groundwater modeling and monitoring?: Opportunities and challenges, Water Resour. Res., in review, 2021.
Cooke, R.: Experts in uncertainty: opinion and subjective probability in science, Oxford University Press, UK, ISBN-10: 0195064658, 1991.
Cuthbert, M. O., Gleeson, T., Moosdorf, N., Befus, K. M., Schneider, A.,
Hartmann, J., and Lehner, B.: Global patterns and dynamics of
climate–groundwater interactions, Nat. Clim. Change, 9, 137–141, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0386-4, 2019a.
Cuthbert, M. O., Taylor, R. G., Favreau, G., Todd, M. C., Shamsudduha, M.,
Villholth, K. G., MacDonald, A. M., Scanlon, B. R., Kotchoni, D. O. V.,
Vouillamoz, J. M., Lawson, F. M. A., Adjomayi, P. A., Kashaigili, J.,
Seddon, D., Sorensen, J. P. R., Ebrahim, G. Y., Owor, M., Nyenje, P. M.,
Nazoumou, Y., Goni, I., Ousmane, B. I., Sibanda, T., Ascott, M. J.,
Macdonald, D. M. J., Agyekum, W., Koussoube, Y., Wanke, H., Kim, H., Wada,
Y., Lo, M. H., Oki, T., and Kukuric, N.: Observed controls on resilience of
groundwater to climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa, Nature, 572,
230–234, 2019b.
Dalin, C., Wada, Y., Kastner, T., and Puma, M. J.: Groundwater depletion
embedded in international food trade, Nature, 543, 700–704, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21403, 2017.
DeAngelis, A., Dominguez, F., Fan, Y., Robock, A., Kustu, M. D., and
Robinson, D.: Evidence of enhanced precipitation due to irrigation over the
Great Plains of the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D15115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD013892, 2010.
Dirmeyer, P. A.: A History and Review of the Global Soil Wetness Project
(GSWP), J. Hydrometeorol., 12, 729–749, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-10-05010, 2011.
Doherty, J., and Christensen, S.: Use of paired simple and complex models to
reduce predictive bias and quantify uncertainty, Water Resour. Res., 47, W12534, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010763, 2011.
Döll, P. and Fiedler, K.: Global-scale modeling of groundwater recharge, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 863–885, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-863-2008, 2008.
Döll, P., Douville, H., Güntner, A., Müller Schmied, H., and Wada, Y.: Modelling freshwater resources at the global scale: Challenges and
prospects, Surv. Geophys., 37, 195–221, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-015-9343-1, 2016.
Döll, P., Müller Schmied, H., Schuh, C., Portmann, F. T., and
Eicker, A.: Global-scale assessment of groundwater depletion and related
groundwater abstractions: Combining hydrological modeling with information
from well observations and GRACE satellites, Water Resour. Res., 50, 5698–5720, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015595, 2014a.
Döll, P., Fritsche, M., Eicker, A., and Müller Schmied, H.: Seasonal
water storage variations as impacted by water abstractions: Comparing the
output of a global hydrological model with GRACE and GPS observations,
Surv. Geophys., 35, 1311—1331, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-014-9282-2,
2014b.
Döll, P., Hoffmann-Dobrev, H., Portmann, F. T., Siebert, S., Eicker, A.,
Rodell, M., Strassberg, G., and Scanlon, B.: Impact of water withdrawals from
groundwater and surface water on continental water storage variations, J.
Geodyn., 59–60, 143–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2011.05.001, 2012.
Duan Q., Schaake, J., Andreassian, V., Franks, S., Gupta, H. V., Gusev, Y. M., Habets, F., Hall, A., Hay, L., Hogue, T. S., Huang, M., Leavesley, G., Liang, X., Nasonova, O. N., Noilhan, J., Oudin, L., Sorooshian, S., Wagener, T., and Wood, E. F.: Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): Overview and Summary of the Second and Third Workshop Results, J. Hydrol., 320, 3–17, 2006.
Enemark, T., Peeters, L. J. M., Mallants, D., and Batelaan, O.:
Hydrogeological conceptual model building and testing: A review, J. Hydrol., 569, 310–329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.007, 2019.
Erban, L. E., Gorelick, S. M., and Zebker, H. A.: Groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and sea-level rise in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 084010, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084010, 2014.
Famiglietti, J. S. and Wood, E. F.: Multiscale modeling of spatially
variable water and energy balance processes, Water Resour. Res., 30,
3061–3078, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR01498, 1994.
Fan, Y., Clark, M., Lawrence, D. M., Swenson, S., Band, L. E., Brantley, S.
L., Brooks, P. D., Bitrich, W. E., Flores, A., Grant, G., Kirchner, J. W.,
Mackay, D.S., McDonnel J. J., Milly, P. C. D., Sulivan, P. L., Tague, C.,
Ajmai, H., Chaney, N., Harmann, A., Hazenberg, P., McNamara, J., Ppelletier,
J., Perket, J., Rouholahnejad-Freund, E., Wagner, T., Zeng, X., Beighley,
E., Buzan, J., Huang, M., Livneh, B., Mohanty, B. P., Nijssen, B., Safeeq,
M., Shen, C., Van Verseveld, W., Volk, J., and Yamazaki, D.: Hillslope hydrology in global change research and Earth System modeling, Water Resour. Res., 55, 1737–1772, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023903, 2019.
Fan, Y.: Groundwater in the Earth's critical zone: Relevance to large-scale
patterns and processes, Water Resour. Res., 51, 3052–3069, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017037, 2015.
Fan, Y., Li, H., and Miguez-Macho, G.: Global patterns of groundwater table
depth, Science, 339, 940–943, 2013.
Fenicia, F., Kavetski, D., and Savenije, H. H. G.: Elements of a flexible
approach for conceptual hydrological modeling: 1. Motivation and theoretical
development, Water Resour. Res., 47, W11510, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010174,
2011.
Forrester, M. M. and Maxwell, R. M.: Impact of lateral groundwater flow and
subsurface lower boundary conditions on atmospheric boundary layer
development over complex terrain, J. Hydrometeorol., 21, 1133–1160,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-19-0029.1, 2020.
Forrester, M. M., Maxwell, R. M., Bearup, L. A., and Gochis, D. J.: Forest
Disturbance Feedbacks from Bedrock to Atmosphere Using Coupled
Hydro-Meteorological Simulations Over the Rocky Mountain Headwaters, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 9026–9046, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028380, 2018.
Foster, S., Chilton, J., Nijsten, G.-J., and Richts, A.: Groundwater – a
global focus on the 'local resource', Curr. Opin. Env. Sust., 5, 685–695,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.10.010, 2013.
Gascoin, S., Ducharne, A., Ribstein, P., Carli, M., and Habets, F.: Adaptation of a catchment-based land surface model to the hydrogeological setting of the Somme River basin (France), J. Hydrol., 368, 105–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.01.039, 2009.
Gilbert, J. M., Maxwell, R. M., and Gochis, D. J.: Effects of water table
configuration on the planetary boundary layer over the San Joaquin River
watershed, California, J. Hydrometeorol., 18, 1471–1488,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-16-0134.1, 2017.
Gleeson, T., Wagener, T., Döll, P., Zipper, S. C., West, C., Wada, Y., Taylor, R., Scanlon, B., Rosolem, R., Rahman, S., Oshinlaja, N., Maxwell, R., Lo, M.-H., Kim, H., Hill, M., Hartmann, A., Fogg, G., Famiglietti, J. S., Ducharne, A., de Graaf, I., Cuthbert, M., Condon, L., Bresciani, E., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: HESS Opinions: Improving the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental to global scale models, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-378, 2020.
Gleeson, T. and Manning, A. H.: Regional groundwater flow in mountainous
terrain: Three-dimensional simulations of topographic and hydrogeologic
controls, Water Resour. Res., 44, W10403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006848, 2008.
Gleeson, T., Befus, K. M., Jasechko, S., Luijendijk, E., and Cardenas, M.
B.: The global volume and distribution of modern groundwater, Nat. Geosci., 9, 161–167, 2016.
de Graaf, I. E. M., van Beek, L. P. H., Wada, Y., and Bierkens, M. F. P.:
Dynamic attribution of global water demand to surface water and groundwater
resources: Effects of abstractions and return flows on river discharges, Adv. Water Resour., 64, 21–33 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.12.002, 2014.
de Graaf, I. E. M., Sutanudjaja, E. H., van Beek, L. P. H., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: A high-resolution global-scale groundwater model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 823–837, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-823-2015, 2015.
de Graaf, I. E. M., van Beek, L. P. H., Gleeson, T., Moosdorf, N., Schmitz,
O., Sutanudjaja, E. H., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: A global-scale two-layer
transient groundwater model: Development and application to groundwater
depletion, Adv. Water Resour., 102, 53–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.01.011, 2017.
de Graaf, I. E. M., Gleeson, T., Beek, L. P. H. (Rens) van, Sutanudjaja, E.
H., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Environmental flow limits to global groundwater
pumping, Nature, 574, 90–94, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1594-4, 2019.
Gnann, S. J., Woods, R. A., and Howden, N. J.: Is there a baseflow Budyko
curve?, Water Resour. Res., 55, 2838–2855, 2019.
Goderniaux, P., Davy, P., Bresciani, E., de Dreuzy, J.-R., and Le Borgne, T.: Partitioning a regional groundwater flow system into shallow local and deep
regional flow compartments, Water Resour. Res., 49, 2274—2286, 2013.
Guimberteau, M., Ducharne, A., Ciais, P., Boisier, J. P., Peng, S., De Weirdt, M., and Verbeeck, H.: Testing conceptual and physically based soil hydrology schemes against observations for the Amazon Basin, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1115–1136, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1115-2014,
2014.
Habets, F., Boé, J., Déqué, M., Ducharne, A., Gascoin, S.,
Hachour, A., Martin, E., Pagé, C., Sauquet, E., Terray, L., Thiéry,
D., Oudin, L., and Viennot, P.: Impact of climate change on surface water
and ground water of two basins in Northern France: analysis of the
uncertainties associated with climate and hydrological models, emission
scenarios and downscaling methods, Climatic Change, 121, 771–785, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0934-x, 2013.
Hartmann, A., Gleeson, T., Rosolem, R., Pianosi, F., Wada, Y., and Wagener, T.: A large-scale simulation model to assess karstic groundwater recharge over Europe and the Mediterranean, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1729–1746, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1729-2015, 2015.
Hartmann, Andreas, Gleeson, T., Wada, Y., and Wagener, T.: Enhanced
groundwater recharge rates and altered recharge sensitivity to climate
variability through subsurface heterogeneity, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 2842–2847, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614941114, 2017.
Hattermann, F. F., Krysanova, V., Gosling, S. N., Dankers, R., Daggupati,
P., Donnelly, C., Florke, M., Huang, S., Motovilov, Y., Buda, S., Yang, T.,
Muller, C., Leng, G., Tang, Q., Portman, F. T., Hanemann, S,. Gerten, D.,
Wada, Y., Masaki, Y., Alemayehu, T., Satoh, Y., and Samaniego, L.: Cross-scale
intercomparison of climate change impacts simulated by regional and global
hydrological models in eleven large river basins, Climatic Change, 141, 561–576, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1829-4, 2017.
Hawker, L. P., Rougier, J., Neal, J. C., Bates, P. D., Archer, L., and Yamazaki, D.: Implications of simulating global digital elevation models for flood inundation studies, Water Resour. Res., 54, 7910–7928, 2018.
Hay, L., Norton, P., Viger, R., Markstrom, S., Regan, R. S., and
Vanderhoof, M.: Modelling surface-water depression storage in a Prairie
Pothole Region, Hydrol. Process., 32, 462–479, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11416, 2018.
Henderson-Sellers, A., Yang, Z. L., and Dickinson, R. E.: The Project for
Intercomparison of Land-Surface Schemes (PILPS), B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 74, 1335–1349, 1993.
Herbert, C. and Döll, P.: Global assessment of current and future
groundwater stress with a focus on transboundary aquifers, Water Resour. Res., 55, 4760–4784, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023321, 2019.
Heudorfer, B., Haaf, E., Stahl, K., and Barthel, R.: Index-based
characterization and quantification of groundwater dynamics, Water Resour. Res., 55, 5575–5592, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024418, 2019.
Hill, M. C.: The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water
models, Ground Water, 44, 775–781, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x,
2006.
Hill, M. C. and Tiedeman, C. R.: Effective groundwater model calibration, Wiley, USA, ISBN: 978-0-471-77636-9, 2007.
Hill, M.C., Kavetski, D., Clark, M., Ye, M., Arabi, M., Lu, D., Foglia, L. and Mehl, S.: Practical use of computationally frugal model analysis methods, Groundwater, 54, 159–170, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12330, 2016.
Hiscock, K. M. and Bense, V. F.: Hydrogeology – principles and practice, 2nd edn., Wiley-Blackwell, USA, ISBN: 978-0-470-65662-4, 2014.
Huang, S., Kumar, R., Flörke, M., Yang, T., Hundecha , Y., Kraft, P.,
Gao, C., Gelfan, A., Liersch, S., Lobanova, A., Strauch, M., Van Ogtrop, F.,
Reinhardt, J., Haberlandt, U., Krysanova, V.: Evaluation of an ensemble of
regional hydrological models in 12 large-scale river basins worldwide, Climatic Change, 141, 381–397, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1841-8, 2017.
Hrachowitz, M., Fovet, O., Ruiz, L., Euser, T., Gharari, S., Nijzink, R.,
Freer, J., Savenije, H. H. G., and Gascuel-Odoux, C.: Process Consistency in
Models: the Importance of System Signatures, Expert Knowledge and Process
Complexity, Water Resour. Res., 50, 7445–7469, 2014.
Hunt, R. J., Walker, J. F., Selbig, W. R., Westenbroek, S. M., and Regan,
R. S.: Simulation of climate-change effects on streamflow, lake water
budgets, and stream temperature using GSFLOW and SNTEMP, Trout Lake
Watershed, Wisconsin, Geological Survey, Reston, VA, U.S., USGS Scientific Investigations Report No. 2013–5159, 2013.
Hutton, C., Wagener, T., Freer, J., Han, D., Duffy, C., and Arheimer, B.:
Most computational hydrology is not reproducible, so is it really science?, Water Resour. Res., 52, 7548–7555, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019285, 2016.
Jasechko, S., Birks, S. J., Gleeson, T., Wada, Y., Sharp, Z. D., Fawcett,
P. J., McDonnell, J. J., and Welker, J. M.: Pronounced seasonality in the global groundwater recharge, Water Resour. Res., 50, 8845–8867, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015809, 2014.
Jasechko, S., Perrone, D., Befus, K. M., Bayani Cardenas, M., Ferguson, G.,
Gleeson, T., Luijendijk, E., McDonnell, J. J., Taylor, R. G., Wada, Y., and
Kirchner, J. W.: Global aquifers dominated by fossil groundwaters but wells
vulnerable to modern contamination, Nat. Geosci., 10, 425–429, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2943, 2017.
Jung, M., Reichstein, M., Margolis, H. A., Cescatti, A., Richardson, A. D.,
Arain, M. A., Arneth, A., Bernhofer, C., Bonal, D., Chen, J., Gainelle, D.,
Gobron, N., Kiely, G., Kutsch, W., Lasslop, G., Law, B. E., Lindroth, A.,
Merbold, L., Montagnani, L., Moors, E. J., Papale, D., Sottocornola, M.,
Vaccari, F., and Williams, C.: Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of
carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heatderived from eddy covariance,
satellite, and meteorological observations, J. Geophys. Res., 116,
G00J07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001566, 2011.
Keune, J., Sulis, M., Kollet, S., Siebert, S., and Wada, Y.: Human Water
Use Impacts on the Strength of the Continental Sink for Atmospheric Water, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 4068–4076, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077621, 2018.
Knowling, M. J. and Werner, A. D.: Estimability of recharge through
groundwater model calibration: Insights from a field-scale steady-state
example, J. Hydrol., 540, 973–987, 2016.
Koirala, S., Yeh, P. J. F., Hirabayashi, Y., Kanae, S., and Oki, T.:
Global-scale land surface hydrologic modeling with the representation of
water table dynamics, dynamics, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 75–89, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020398, 2014.
Kollet, S. J. and Maxwell, R. M.: Capturing the influence of groundwater
dynamics on land surface processes using an integrated, distributed
watershed model, Water Resour. Res., 44, W02402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006004, 2008.
Kollet, S., Sulis, M., Maxwell, R. M., Paniconi, C., Putti, M., Bertoldi,
G., Coon, E. T., Cordano, E., Endrizzi, S., Kikinzon, E., Mouche, E.,
Mugler, C., Park, Y., Refsgaard, J. C., Stisen, S., and Sudicky, E.: The
integrated hydrologic model intercomparison project, IH-MIP2: A second set
of benchmark results to diagnose integrated hydrology and feedbacks, Water Resour. Res., 53, 867–890, 2017.
Konikow, L. F.: Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to
sea-level rise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048604,
2011.
Koster, R. D., Suarez, M. J., Ducharne, A., Praveen, K., and Stieglitz, M.: A
catchment-based approach to modeling land surface processes in a GCM – Part 1: Model structure, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24809–24822, 2000.
Krakauer, N. Y., Li, H., and Fan, Y.: Groundwater flow across spatial
scales: importance for climate modeling, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 034003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034003, 2014.
Kresic, N.: Groundwater resources: sustainability, management and restoration, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 9780071492737, 2009.
Krueger, T., Page, T., Hubacek, K., Smith, L., and Hiscock, K.: The role of
expert opinion in environmental modelling, Environ. Modell. Softw., 36, 4–18, 2012.
Kustu, M. D., Fan, Y., and Rodell, M.: Possible link between irrigation in
the US High Plains and increased summer streamflow in the Midwest, Water Resour. Res., 47, W03522, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010046, 2011.
Lamb, R., Aspinall, W., Odbert, H., and Wagener, T.: Vulnerability of bridges to scour: insights from an international expert elicitation workshop, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1393–1409, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1393-2017, 2017.
Lawrence, D., Fisher, R., Koven, C., Oleson, K., Swenson, S., Vertenstein,
M., Andre, B., Bonan, G., Ghimire, B., van Kampenhout, L., Kennedy, D.,
Kluzek, E., Knox, R., Lawrence, P., Li, F., Li, H., Lombardozzi, D., Lu, Y.,
Perket, J., Riley, W., Sacks, W., Shi, M., Wieder, W., Xu, C., Ali, A.,
Badger, A., Bisht, G., Broxton, P., Brunke, M., Buzan, J., Clark, M., Craig,
T., Dahlin, K., Drewniak, B., Emmons, L., Fisher, J., Flanner, M., Gentine,
P., Lenaerts, J., Levis, S., Leung, L. R., Lipscomb, W., Pelletier, J.,
Ricciuto, D. M., Sanderson, B., Shuman, J., Slater, A., Subin, Z., Tang, J.,
Tawfik, A., Thomas, Q., Tilmes, S., Vitt, F., and Zeng, X.: Technical
Description of version 5.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM), 329 pp., available at: http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/cesm2/land/CLM50_Tech_Note.pdf (last access: 5 October 2021), 2018.
Leaf, A. T., Fienen, M. N., Hunt, R. J., and Buchwald, C. A.: Groundwater/surface-water interactions in the Bad River Watershed, Wisconsin, USGS Numbered Series No. 2015–5162, Geological Survey, Reston, VA, U.S., 2015.
Leavesley, G. H., Markstrom, S. L., Restrepo, P. J., and Viger, R. J.: A
modular approach for addressing model design, scale, and parameter
estimation issues in distributed hydrological modeling, Hydrol. Processes,
16, 173–187, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.344, 2002.
Lemieux, J. M., Sudicky, E. A., Peltier, W. R., and Tarasov, L.: Dynamics
of groundwater recharge and seepage over the Canadian landscape during the
Wisconsinian glaciation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, F01011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000838, 2008.
Lenton, T. M., Held, H., Kriegler, E., Hall, J. W., Lucht, W., Rahmstorf, S., and Schellnhuber, H. J.: Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 1786–1793, 2008.
Liang, X., Xie, Z., and Huang, M.: A new parameterization for surface and
groundwater interactions and its impact on water budgets with the variable
infiltration capacity (VIC) land surface model, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8613, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003090, 2003.
Lo, M.-H., Famiglietti, J. S., Reager, J. T., Rodell, M., Swenson, S., and
Wu, W.-Y.: GRACE-Based Estimates of Global Groundwater Depletion, in:
Terrestrial Water Cycle and Climate Change, edited bY: Tang, Q. and Oki, T., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 135–146, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118971772.ch7, 2016.
Lo, M.-H., Yeh, P. J.-F., and Famiglietti, J. S.: Constraining water table
depth simulations in a land surface model using estimated baseflow, Adv. Water Resour., 31, 1552–1564, 2008.
Lo, M.-H., J. S. Famiglietti, P. J.-F. Yeh, and T. H. Syed.: Improving
Parameter Estimation and Water Table Depth Simulation in a Land Surface
Model Using GRACE Water Storage and Estimated Baseflow Data, Water Resour.
Res., 46, W05517, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR007855, 2010.
Luijendijk, E., Gleeson, T., and Moosdorf, N.: Fresh groundwater discharge
insignificant for the world's oceans but important for coastal ecosystems.
Nat. Commun., 11, 1260, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15064-8, 2020.
Maples, S. R., Foglia, L., Fogg, G. E., and Maxwell, R. M.: Sensitivity of hydrologic and geologic parameters on recharge processes in a highly heterogeneous, semi-confined aquifer system, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2437–2456, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2437-2020, 2020.
Margat, J. and Van der Gun, J.: Groundwater around the world: a geographic synopsis, CRC Press, London, ISBN 9780367576509, 2013.
Markovich, K. H., Manning, A. H., Condon, L. E., and McIntosh, J. C.: Mountain-block Recharge: A Review of Current Understanding, Water Resour. Res., 55, 8278–8304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025676, 2019.
Maxwell, R. M. and Condon, L. E.: Connections between groundwater flow and
transpiration partitioning, Science, 353, 377–380, 2016.
Maxwell, R. M., Chow, F. K., and Kollet, S. J.: The
groundwater-land-surface-atmosphere connection: soil moisture effects on the
atmospheric boundary layer in fully-coupled simulations, Adv. Water Resour., 30, 2447–2466, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.05.018, 2007.
Maxwell, R. M., Condon, L. E., and Kollet, S. J.: A high-resolution simulation of groundwater and surface water over most of the continental US with the integrated hydrologic model ParFlow v3, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 923–937, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-923-2015, 2015.
Maxwell, R. M., Condon, L. E., Kollet, S. J., Maher, K., Haggerty, R., and
Forrester, M. M.: The imprint of climate and geology on the residence times
of groundwater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 701–708, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066916, 2016.
McMilan, H.: Linking hydrologic signatures to hydrologic processes: A
review, Hydrol. Process., 34, 1393–1409, 2020.
Meixner, T., Manning, A. H., Stonestrom, D. A., Allen, D. M., Ajami, H.,
Blasch, K. W., Brookfield, A. E., Castro, C. L., Clark, J. F., Gochis, D.
J., Flint, A. L., Neff, K. L., Niraula, R., Rodell, M., Scanlon, B. R.,
Singha, K., and Walvoord, M. A.: Implications of projected climate change for
groundwater recharge in the western United States, J. Hydrol., 534, 124–138, 2016.
Melsen, L. A., Teuling, A. J., Torfs, P. J. J. F., Uijlenhoet, R., Mizukami, N., and Clark, M. P.: HESS Opinions: The need for process-based evaluation of large-domain hyper-resolution models, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1069–1079, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1069-2016, 2016.
Meriano, M. and Eyles, N.: Groundwater flow through Pleistocene glacial
deposits in the rapidly urbanizing Rouge River-Highland Creek watershed,
City of Scarborough, southern Ontario, Canada, Hydrogeol. J., 11,
288–303, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0226-4, 2003.
Milly, P. C. D., Malyshev, S. L., Shevliakova, E., Dunne, K. A., Findell, K. L., Gleeson, T., Liang, Z., Phillipps, P., Stouffer, R. J., and Swenson, S.: An Enhanced Model of Land Water and Energy for Global Hydrologic and
Earth-System Studies, J. Hydrometeorol., 15, 1739–1761, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1, 2014.
Minderhoud, P. S. J., Erkens, G., Pham, V. H., Bui, T. V., Erban, L. E., Kooi, H., and Stouthamer, E.: Impacts of 25 years of groundwater extraction on subsidence in the Mekong delta, Vietnam, Environ. Res. Lett., 12, 064006, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7146, 2017.
Minderhoud, P. S. J., Coumou, L., Erkens, G., Middelkoop, H., and Stouthamer,
E.: Mekong delta much lower than previously assumed in sea-level rise impact
assessments, Nat. Commun., 10, 3847, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11602-1, 2019.
Minderhoud, P. S. J., Middelkoop, H., Erkens, G., and Stouthamer, E.:
Groundwater extraction may drown mega-delta: projections of
extraction-induced subsidence and elevation of the Mekong delta for the 21st
century, Environ. Res. Commun., 2, 011005, https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ab5e21, 2020.
Miralles, D. G., Jiménez, C., Jung, M., Michel, D., Ershadi, A., McCabe, M. F., Hirschi, M., Martens, B., Dolman, A. J., Fisher, J. B., Mu, Q., Seneviratne, S. I., Wood, E. F., and Fernández-Prieto, D.: The WACMOS-ET project – Part 2: Evaluation of global terrestrial evaporation data sets, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 823–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-823-2016, 2016.
Moeck, C., Grech-Cumbo, N., Podgorski, J., Bretzler, A., Gurdak, J. J., Berg, M., and Schirmer, M.: A global-scale dataset of direct natural groundwater recharge rates: A review of variables, processes and relationships, Sci. Total Environ., 717, 137042, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137042, 2020.
Mohan, C., Western, A. W., Wei, Y., and Saft, M.: Predicting groundwater recharge for varying land cover and climate conditions – a global meta-study, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2689–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2689-2018, 2018.
Montanari, A., Young, G., Savenije, H. H. G., Hughes, D., Wagener, T., Ren,
L. L., Koutsoyiannis, D., Cudennec, C., Toth, E., Grimaldi, S., Bloschl, G.,
Sivapalam, M., Beven, K., Gupta, H., Hipsey, M., Schaefli, B., Arheimer, B.,
Boegh, E., Schymanski, S. J., Di Baldassarre, G., Yu, B., Hubert, P., Huang,
Y., Schumann, A., Post, D. A., Srinivasan, V., Harman, C., Thompson, S.,
Rogger, M., Viglione, A., McMillan, H., Characklis, G., Pang, Z., and Belyaev, V.: “Panta Rhei—Everything Flows”: Change in hydrology and society–The IAHS Scientific Decade 2013–2022, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 58, 1256–1275, 2013.
Moore, W. S.: The effect of submarine groundwater discharge on the ocean, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 2, 59–88, 2010.
Morris, M. D.: Factorial sampling plans for preliminary computational
experiments, Technometrics, 33, 161–174, 1991.
Müller Schmied, H., Eisner, S., Franz, D., Wattenbach, M., Portmann, F. T., Flörke, M., and Döll, P.: Sensitivity of simulated global-scale freshwater fluxes and storages to input data, hydrological model structure, human water use and calibration, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3511–3538, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3511-2014, 2014.
Niu, G.-Y., Yang, Z.-L., Dickinson, R. E., and Gulden, L. E.: A simple
TOPMODEL-based runoff parameterization (SIMTOP) for use in global climate
models, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006111, 2005.
Niu, G.-Y., Yang, Z.-L., Dickinson, R. E., Gulden, L. E., and Su, H.: Development of a simple groundwater model for use in climate models and evaluation with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007522, 2007.
Ngo-Duc, T., Laval, K., Ramillien, G., Polcher, J., and Cazenave, A.:
Validation of the land water storage simulated by Organising Carbon and
Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) with Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment (GRACE) data, Water Resour. Res., 43, W04427, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR004941, 2007.
O'Hagan, A.: Expert Knowledge Elicitation: Subjective but Scientific, Am. Stat., 73, 69–81, https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2018.1518265, 2019.
Olarinoye, T., Gleeson, T., Marx, V., Seeger, S., Adinehvand, R., Allocca,
V., Andreo, B., Apaestegui, J., Apolit, C., Arfib, B., Auler, A.,
Bailly-Comte, V., Barbera, J. A., Batiot-Guilhe, C., Bechtel, T., Binet, S.,
Bittner, D., Blatnik, M., Bolger, T., Brunet, P., Charlier, J., Chen, Z.,
Chiogna, G., Coxon, G., De Vita, P., Doummar, J., Epting, J., Fleury, P.,
Fournier, M., Goldscheider, N., Gunn, J., Guo, F., Guyot, J. L., Howden, N.,
Huggenberger, P., Hunt, B., Jeannin, P., Jiang, G., Jones, G., Jourde H.,
Karmann, I., Koit, O., Kordilla, J., Labat, D., Ladouch, B., Liso, I. S.,
Liu, Z., Marechal, J., Massei, N., Mazzilli, N., Mudarra, M., Parise, M.,
Pu, J., Ravbar, N., Sanchez, L. H., Santo, A., Sauter, M., Seidel, J.,
Sivelle, V., Skoglund, R. O., Stevanovic, Z., Wood, Cameron., Worthington,
S., and Hartmann, A.: Global karst springs hydrograph dataset for research and management of the world's fastest-flowing groundwater, Scientific Data, 7, 59, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0346-5, 2020.
Opie, S., Taylor, R. G., Brierley, C. M., Shamsudduha, M., and Cuthbert, M. O.: Climate–groundwater dynamics inferred from GRACE and the role of hydraulic memory, Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 775–791, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-775-2020, 2020.
Ortega-Guerrero, A., Rudolph, D. L., and Cherry, J. A.: Analysis of long-term land subsidence near Mexico City: field investigations and predictive modeling, Water Resour. Res., 35, 3327–3341, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900148, 1999.
Pappenberger, F., Ghelli, A., Buizza, R., and Bódis, K.: The Skill of
Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts under Observational Uncertainties
within the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation Framework for
Hydrological Applications, J. Hydrometeorol., 10, 807–819, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM956.1, 2009.
Perrone, D. and Jasechko, S.: Deeper well drilling an unsustainable stopgap to groundwater depletion, Nature Sustainability, 2, 773–782, 2019.
Pianosi, F., Beven, K., Freer, J., Hall, J. W., Rougier, J., Stephenson, D.
B., and Wagener, T.: Sensitivity analysis of environmental models: A
systematic review with practical workflow, Environ. Modell. Softw., 79, 214–232, 2016.
Post, V. E. and von Asmuth, J. R.: Hydraulic head measurements–new
technologies, classic pitfalls, Hydrogeol. J., 21, 737–750, 2013.
Qiu, J. Q., Zipper, S. C., Motew, M., Booth, E. G., Kucharik, C. J., and
Loheide, S. P.: Nonlinear groundwater influence on biophysical indicators of
ecosystem services, Nature Sustainability, 2, 475–483, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0278-2, 2019.
Rahman, A. S. M. M., Sulis, M., and Kollet, S. J.: The subsurface–land surface–atmosphere connection under convective conditions, Adv. Water Resour., 83, 240–249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.06.003, 2015.
Rajabi, M. M. and Ataie-Ashtiani, B.: Efficient fuzzy Bayesian inference
algorithms for incorporating expert knowledge in parameter estimation, J. Hydrol., 536, 255–272, 2016.
Rajabi, M. M., Ataie-Ashtiani, B., and Simmons, C. T.: Model-data interaction
in groundwater studies: Review of methods, applications and future
directions, J. Hydrol., 567, 457–477, 2018.
Refsgaard, J. C., van der Sluijs, J. P., Højberg, A. L., and Vanrolleghem,
P. A.: Uncertainty in the environmental modelling process–a framework and
guidance, Environ. Modell. Softw., 22, 1543–1556, 2007.
Reichstein, M., Camps-Valls, G., Stevens, B., Jung, M., Denzler, J.,
Carvalhais, N., and Prabhat: Deep learning and process understanding for
data-driven Earth system science, Nature, 566, 195–204, 2019.
Reinecke, R., Foglia, L., Mehl, S., Trautmann, T., Cáceres, D., and Döll, P.: Challenges in developing a global gradient-based groundwater model (G3M v1.0) for the integration into a global hydrological model, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2401–2418, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2401-2019, 2019a.
Reinecke, R., Foglia, L., Mehl, S., Herman, J. D., Wachholz, A., Trautmann, T., and Döll, P.: Spatially distributed sensitivity of simulated global groundwater heads and flows to hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge, and surface water body parameterization, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4561–4582, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4561-2019, 2019b.
Reinecke, R., Wachholz, A., Mehl, S., Foglia, L., Niemann, C., and Döll, P.: Importance of spatial resolution in global groundwater modeling,
Groundwater, 58, 363–376, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12996, 2020.
Rodell, M., Velicogna, I., and Famiglietti, J. S.: Satellite-based
estimates of groundwater depletion in India, Nature, 460, 999–1002, 2009.
Ross, J. L., Ozbek, M. M., and Pinder, G. F.: Aleatoric and epistemic
uncertainty in groundwater flow and transport simulation, Water Resour. Res., 45, W00B15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006799, 2009.
Rossman, N. and Zlotnik, V.: Review: Regional groundwater flow modeling in
heavily irrigated basins of selected states in the western United States, Hydrogeol. J., 21, 1173–1192, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-1010-3, 2013.
RRCA (Republican River Compact Administration Ground Water Model): http://www.republicanrivercompact.org/ (last access: 15 November 2021), 2003.
Saltelli, A., Tarantola, S., Campolongo, F., and Ratto, M.: Sensitivity Analysis in Practice: A Guide to Assessing Scientific Models, Wiley, USA, ISBN: 978-0-470-87093-8, 2004.
Salvucci, G. D. and Entekhabi, D.: Hillslope and climatic controls on
hydrologic fluxes, Water Resour. Res., 31, 1725–1739, 1995.
Sanford, W., Calibration of models using groundwater age, Hydrogeol. J., 19,
13–16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0637-6, 2011.
Sawyer, A. H., David, C. H., and Famiglietti, J. S.: Continental patterns
of submarine groundwater discharge reveal coastal vulnerabilities, Science, 353, 705–707, 2016.
Scanlon, B., Healy, R., and Cook, P.: Choosing appropriate techniques for
quantifying groundwater recharge, Hydrogeol. J., 10, 18–39, 2002.
Scanlon, B. R., Faunt, C. C., Longuevergne, L., Reedy, R. C., Alley, W. M.,
McGuire, V. L., and McMahon, P. B.: Groundwater depletion and
sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 9320–9325, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200311109, 2012.
Scanlon, B. R., Zhang, Z., Save, H., Wiese, D. N., Landerer, F. W., Long,
D., Longuevergne, L., and Chen, J.: Global evaluation of new GRACE mascon
products for hydrologic applications, Water Resour. Res., 52, 9412–9429, 2016.
Schaller, M. and Fan, Y.: River basins as groundwater exporters and
importers: Implications for water cycle and climate modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010636, 2009.
Schewe, J., Heinke, J., Gerten, D., Haddeland, I., Arnell, N. W., Clark, D.
B., Dankers, R., Eisner, S., Fekete, B. M., Colon-Gonzalez, F. J., Gosling,
S. N., Kim, H., Liu, X., Masaki, Y., Portmann, F. T., Satoh, Y., Stacke, T.,
Tang, Q., Wada, Y., Wisser, D., Albrecht, T., Frieler, K., Piontek, F.,
Warszawski, L., and Kabat, P.: Multimodel assessment of water scarcity under
climate change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3245–3250, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222460110, 2014.
Schilling, O. S., Doherty, J., Kinzelbach, W., Wang, H., Yang, P. N., and
Brunner, P.: Using tree ring data as a proxy for transpiration to reduce
predictive uncertainty of a model simulating groundwater–surface
water–vegetation interactions, J. Hydrol., 519, 2258–2271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.063, 2014.
Schilling, O. S., Cook, P. G., and Brunner, P.: Beyond classical observations in hydrogeology: The advantages of including exchange flux, temperature, tracer concentration, residence time, and soil moisture observations in groundwater model calibration, Rev. Geophys., 57, 146–182, 2019.
Schneider, A. S., Jost, A., Coulon, C., Silvestre, M., Théry, S., and
Ducharne, A.: Global scale river network extraction based on high-resolution
topography, constrained by lithology, climate, slope, and observed drainage
density, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 2773–2781, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071844, 2017.
Shen, C.: A transdisciplinary review of deep learning research and its
relevance for water resources scientists, Water Resour. Res., 54, 8558–8593, 2018.
Shen, C., Laloy, E., Elshorbagy, A., Albert, A., Bales, J., Chang, F.-J., Ganguly, S., Hsu, K.-L., Kifer, D., Fang, Z., Fang, K., Li, D., Li, X., and Tsai, W.-P.: HESS Opinions: Incubating deep-learning-powered hydrologic science advances as a community, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5639–5656, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5639-2018, 2018.
Sivapalan, M., Konar, M., Srinivasan, V., Chhatre, A., Wutich, A., Scott, C. A., Wescoat, J. L., and Rodríguez-Iturbe, I.: Socio-hydrology: Use-inspired water sustainability science for the Anthropocene, Earth’s Future, 2, 225–230, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EF000164, 2014.
SKI. Intracoin – International Nuclide Transport Code Intercomparison Study
(No. SKI–84-3), Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, available at:
https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:16046803 (last access: 16 November 2021), 1984.
Springer, A. and Stevens, L.: Spheres of discharge of springs, Hydrogeol. J., 17, 83–93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0341-y, 2009.
Steffen, W., Broadgate, W., Deutsch, L., Gaffney, O., and Ludwig, C.: The
trajectory of the Anthropocene: the great acceleration, The Anthropocene Review, 2, 81–98, 2015.
Takata, K., Emori, S., and Watanabe, T.: Development of the minimal advanced
treatments of surface interaction and runoff, Global Planet. Change, 38, 209–222, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(03)00030-4, 2003.
Taylor, R. G., Scanlon, B., Doll, P., Rodell, M., van Beek, R., Wada, Y.,
Longuevergne, L., Leblanc, M., Famiglietti, J. S., Edmunds, M., Konikow, L.,
Green, T. R., Chen, J., Taniguchi, M., Bierkens, M. F. P., MacDonald, A.,
Fan, Y., Maxwell, R. M., Yechieli, Y., Gurdak, J. J., Allen, D. M.,
Shamsudduha, M., Hiscock, K., Yeh, P. J. -F., Holman, I., and Treidel, H.:
Groundwater and climate change, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 322–329, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1744, 2013a.
Taylor, R. G., Todd, M. C., Kongola, L., Maurice, L., Nahozya, E., Sanga,
H., and MacDonald, A. M.: Evidence of the dependence of groundwater
resources on extreme rainfall in East Africa, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 374–378, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1731, 2013b.
Thatch, L. M., Gilbert, J. M., and Maxwell, R. M.: Integrated hydrologic
modeling to untangle the impacts of water management during drought, Groundwater, 58, 377–391, 2020.
Tolley, D., Foglia, L., and Harter, T.: Sensitivity Analysis and
Calibration of an Integrated Hydrologic Model in an Irrigated Agricultural
Basin with a Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystem, Water Resour. Res., 55, 7876–7901, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024209, 2019.
Tran, H., Zhang, J., Cohard, J.-M., Condon, L. E., and Maxwell, R. M.:
Simulating g roundwater-Streamflow Connections in the Upper Colorado River
Basin, Groundwater, 58, 392–405, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13000, 2020.
Tregoning, P., McClusky, S., van Dijk, A. I. J. M., and Crosbie, R. S.:
Assessment of GRACE satellites for groundwater estimation in Australia, National Water Commission, Canberra, Waterlines Report Series No 71, 2012.
Troldborg, L., Refsgaard, J. C., Jensen, K. H., and Engesgaard, P.: The
importance of alternative conceptual models for simulation of concentrations
in a multi-aquifer system, Hydrogeol. J., 15, 843–860, 2007.
Tustison, B., Harris, D., and Foufoula-Georgiou, E.: Scale issues in
verification of precipitation forecasts, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 11775–11784, 2001.
UNESCO: World water balance and water resources of the earth, Vol. USSR committee for the international hydrologic decade, UNESCO, Paris, 1978.
Van Vliet, M. T., Flörke, M., Harrison, J. A., Hofstra, N., Keller, V.,
Ludwig, F., Spanier, J. E., Strokal, M., Wada, Y., Wem, Y., and Williams, R. J.: Model inter-comparison design for large-scale water quality models, Curr.
Opin. Env. Sust., 36, 59–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.10.013, 2019.
Van Werkhoven, K., Wagener, T., Tang, Y., and Reed, P.: Understanding
watershed model behavior across hydro-climatic gradients using global
sensitivity analysis, Water Resour. Res., 44, W01429,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006271, 2008.
Van Loon, A. F., Gleeson, T., Clark, J., Van Dijk, A. I. J. M., Stahl, K.,
Hannaford, J., Di Baldassarre, G., Teuling, A. J., Tallaksen, L. M.,
Uijlenhoet, R., Hannah, D. M., Sheffield, J., Svoboda, M., Verbeiren, B.,
Wagener, T., Rangecroft, S., Wanders, N., and Van Lanen, H. A. J.: Drought in the Anthropocene, Nat. Geosci., 9, 89–91, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2646, 2016.
Van Loon, A. F., Kumar, R., and Mishra, V.: Testing the use of standardised indices and GRACE satellite data to estimate the European 2015 groundwater drought in near-real time, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1947–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1947-2017, 2017.
Vergnes, J.-P. and Decharme, B.: A simple groundwater scheme in the TRIP river routing model: global off-line evaluation against GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates and observed river discharges, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3889–3908, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3889-2012, 2012.
Vergnes, J.-P., Decharme, B., and Habets, F.: Introduction of groundwater
capillary rises using subgrid spatial variability of topography into the
ISBA land surface model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 11065–11086,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021573, 2014.
Vergnes, J.-P., Roux, N., Habets, F., Ackerer, P., Amraoui, N., Besson, F., Caballero, Y., Courtois, Q., de Dreuzy, J.-R., Etchevers, P., Gallois, N., Leroux, D. J., Longuevergne, L., Le Moigne, P., Morel, T., Munier, S., Regimbeau, F., Thiéry, D., and Viennot, P.: The AquiFR hydrometeorological modelling platform as a tool for improving groundwater resource monitoring over France: evaluation over a 60-year period, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 633–654, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-633-2020, 2020.
Visser, W. C.: Crop growth and availability of moisture, J. Sci. Food Agr., 10, 1–11, 1959.
Wada, Y., van Beek, L. P. H., van Kempen, C. M., Reckman, J. W. T. M., Vasak, S., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Global depletion of groundwater resources.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L20402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044571, 2010.
Wada, Y., Wisser, D., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Global modeling of withdrawal, allocation and consumptive use of surface water and groundwater resources, Earth Syst. Dynam., 5, 15–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-15-2014, 2014.
Wada, Y.: Modeling Groundwater Depletion at Regional and Global Scales:
Present State and Future Prospects, Surv. Geophys., 37, 419–451, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-015-9347-x, 2016.
Wada, Y. and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Sustainability of global water use: past
reconstruction and future projections, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 104003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/104003, 2014.
Wada, Y. and Heinrich, L.: Assessment of transboundary aquifers of the
world–vulnerability arising from human water use, Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 024003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024003, 2013.
Wagener, T. and Gupta, H. V.: Model identification for hydrological
forecasting under uncertainty, Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A., 19, 378–387, 2005.
Wagener, T., Sivapalan, M., Troch, P., and Woods, R.: Catchment
classification and hydrologic similarity, Geography Compass, 1, 901–931,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00039.x, 2007.
Wagener, T. and Pianosi, F.: What has Global Sensitivity Analysis ever done
for us? A systematic review to support scientific advancement and to inform
policy-making in earth system modelling, Earth-Sci. Rev., 194, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.006, 2019.
Wagener, T., Boyle, D. P., Lees, M. J., Wheater, H. S., Gupta, H. V., and Sorooshian, S.: A framework for development and application of hydrological models, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 13–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-13-2001, 2001.
Wagener, T., Sivapalan, M., Troch, P. A., McGlynn, B. L., Harman, C. J.,
Gupta, H. V., Kumar, P., Rao, C. S., Basu, N. B., and Wilson, J. S.: The future of hydrology: An evolving science for a changing world, Water Resour. Res., 46, W05301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008906, 2010.
Wagener, T., Gleeson, T., Coxon, G., Hartmann, A., Howden, N., Pianosi, F.,
Rahman, M., Rosolem, R., Stein, L., and Woods, R.: On doing hydrology with
dragons: Realizing the value of perceptual models and knowledge
accumulation, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 8, e1550, https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1550, 2021.
Wang, F., Ducharne, A., Cheruy, F., Lo, M. H., and Grandpeix, J. L.: Impact
of a shallow groundwater table on the global water cycle in the IPSL
land-atmosphere coupled model, Clim. Dynam., 50, 3505–3522,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3820-9, 2018.
Warszawski, L., Frieler, K., Huber, V., Piontek, F., Serdeczny, O., and
Schewe, J.: The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project
(ISI–MIP): Project framework, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3228–3232, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312330110, 2014.
Weiland, F. C. S., Vrugt, J. A., van Beek, R. (L.) P. H., Weerts, A. H., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Significant uncertainty in global scale hydrological modeling from precipitation data errors, J. Hydrol., 529, 1095–1115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.061, 2015.
Winter, T. C., Harvey, J. W., Franke, O. L., and Alley, W. M.: Ground water and surface water: a single resource, U.S. Geological Survey, Circular, 1139, 79 pp., 1998.
Woolfenden, L. R. and Nishikawa, T.: Simulation of groundwater and
surface-water resources of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County,
California, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5052,
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 2014.
Yang, J., Griffiths, J., and Zammit, C.: National classification of
surface–groundwater interaction using random forest machine learning
technique, River Res. Appl., 35, 932–943, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3449, 2019.
Yilmaz, K., Gupta, H. V., and Wagener, T.: Towards improved distributed
modeling of watersheds: A process based diagnostic approach to model
evaluation, Water Resour. Res., 44, W09417, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006716, 2009.
Zaherpour, J., Gosling, S. N., Mount, N., Schmied, H. M., Veldkamp, T. I. E.,
Dankers, R., Eisner, S., Gerten, D., Gudmundsson, L., Haddeland, I., Hanasaki, N., Kim, H., Leng, G., Liu, J., Masaki, Y., Oki, T., Pokhrel, Y., Satoh, Y., Schewe, J., and Wada, Y.: Worldwide evaluation of mean and extreme runoff from six global-scale hydrological models that account for human impacts, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 065015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aac547, 2018.
Zell, W. O. and Sanford, W. E.: Calibrated Simulation of the Long-Term
Average Surficial Groundwater System and Derived Spatial Distributions of
its Characteristics for the Contiguous United States, Water Resour.
Res., 56, e2019WR026724, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026724, 2020.
Zipper, S. C., Soylu, M. E., Booth, E. G., and Loheide, S. P.: Untangling
the effects of shallow groundwater and soil texture as drivers of
subfield-scale yield variability, Water Resour. Res., 51, 6338–6358, 2015.
Zipper, S. C., Soylu, M. E., Kucharik, C. J., and Loheide, S. P.:
Quantifying indirect groundwater-mediated effects of urbanization on
agroecosystem productivity using MODFLOW-AgroIBIS (MAGI), a complete
critical zone model, Ecol. Model., 359, 201–219, 2017.
Zhang, M. and Burbey, T. J.: Inverse modelling using PS-InSAR data for improved land subsidence simulation in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, Hydrol. Process., 30, 4494–516, 2016.
Zhou, Y. and Li, W.: A review of regional groundwater flow modeling, Geosci. Front., 2, 205–214, 2011.
Short summary
Groundwater is increasingly being included in large-scale (continental to global) land surface and hydrologic simulations. However, it is challenging to evaluate these simulations because groundwater is
hiddenunderground and thus hard to measure. We suggest using multiple complementary strategies to assess the performance of a model (
model evaluation).
Groundwater is increasingly being included in large-scale (continental to global) land surface...