Articles | Volume 14, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7545-2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7545-2021
Review and perspective paper
 | 
13 Dec 2021
Review and perspective paper |  | 13 Dec 2021

GMD perspective: The quest to improve the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental- to global-scale models

Tom Gleeson, Thorsten Wagener, Petra Döll, Samuel C. Zipper, Charles West, Yoshihide Wada, Richard Taylor, Bridget Scanlon, Rafael Rosolem, Shams Rahman, Nurudeen Oshinlaja, Reed Maxwell, Min-Hui Lo, Hyungjun Kim, Mary Hill, Andreas Hartmann, Graham Fogg, James S. Famiglietti, Agnès Ducharne, Inge de Graaf, Mark Cuthbert, Laura Condon, Etienne Bresciani, and Marc F. P. Bierkens

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Cited articles

Al-Yaari, A., Ducharne, A., Cheruy, F., Crow, W. T., and Wigneron, J. P.: Satellite-based soil moisture provides missing link between summertime precipitation and surface temperature biases in CMIP5 simulations over conterminous United States, Scientific Reports, 9, 1657, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38309-5, 2019. 
Anderson, M. P., Woessner, W. W., and Hunt, R. J.: Applied groundwater modeling, 2nd edn., Academic Press, San Diego, 2015. 
Anderson, R. G., Lo, M.-H., Swenson, S., Famiglietti, J. S., Tang, Q., Skaggs, T. H., Lin, Y.-H., and Wu, R.-J.: Using satellite-based estimates of evapotranspiration and groundwater changes to determine anthropogenic water fluxes in land surface models, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3021–3031, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3021-2015, 2015. 
Anyah, R. O., Weaver, C. P., Miguez-Macho, G., Fan, Y., and Robock, A. Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 3. Simulated groundwater influence on coupled land-atmosphere variability, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D07103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009087, 2008. 
Aspinall, W.: A route to more tractable expert advice, Nature, 463, 294–295, https://doi.org/10.1038/463294a, 2010. 
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Short summary
Groundwater is increasingly being included in large-scale (continental to global) land surface and hydrologic simulations. However, it is challenging to evaluate these simulations because groundwater is hidden underground and thus hard to measure. We suggest using multiple complementary strategies to assess the performance of a model (model evaluation).