Drift, landfast and glacier ice are present in fjords and it is important to map them separately. We developed a method to split fjord ice into different types based on ice location, persistence in time and size. We used this method for Hornsund fjord, home to the Polish Polar Station, for an 11.5-year period. We observed that most of the ice is drift ice. The maps produced by this study can be used to look at water circulation, coastal erosion and habitat conditions.

We used satellite images to create sea ice maps of Hornsund fjord, Svalbard, for nine seasons and calculated the percentage of the fjord that was covered by ice. On average, sea ice was present in Hornsund for 158 d per year, but it varied from year to year. April was the "iciest'" month and 2019/2020, 2021/22 and 2014/15 were the "iciest'" seasons. Our data can be used to understand sea ice conditions compared with other fjords of Svalbard and in studies of wave modelling and coastal erosion.

Monitoring ocean waves is important for understanding wave climate and seasonal to longer-term (years to decades) changes. In the Arctic, there is limited freely available observational wave information. We placed sensors at the sea bottom of six bays in Hornsund fjord, Svalbard, and calculated wave energy, wave height and wave period for full hours between July 2013 and February 2021. In this paper, we present the procedure of deriving wave properties from raw pressure measurements.