Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-745-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-745-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Reconsideration of wind stress, wind waves, and turbulence in simulating wind-driven currents of shallow lakes in the Wave and Current Coupled Model (WCCM) version 1.0
Tingfeng Wu
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
Boqiang Qin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
Anning Huang
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023,
P.R. China
Yongwei Sheng
Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
90095, USA
Shunxin Feng
Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
Céline Casenave
MISTEA, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Bing Zhang, Mingjian Zeng, Anning Huang, Zhengkun Qin, Couhua Liu, Wenru Shi, Xin Li, Kefeng Zhu, Chunlei Gu, and Jialing Zhou
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4579–4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4579-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4579-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By directly analyzing the proximity of precipitation forecasts and observations, a precipitation accuracy score (PAS) method was constructed. This method does not utilize a traditional contingency-table-based classification verification; however, it can replace the threat score (TS), equitable threat score (ETS), and other skill score methods, and it can be used to calculate the accuracy of numerical models or quantitative precipitation forecasts.
Md Safat Sikder, Jida Wang, George H. Allen, Yongwei Sheng, Dai Yamazaki, Chunqiao Song, Meng Ding, Jean-François Crétaux, and Tamlin M. Pavelsky
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3483–3511, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3483-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3483-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce Lake-TopoCat to reveal detailed lake hydrography information. It contains the location of lake outlets, the boundary of lake catchments, and a wide suite of attributes that depict detailed lake drainage relationships. It was constructed using lake boundaries from a global lake dataset, with the help of high-resolution hydrography data. This database may facilitate a variety of applications including water quality, agriculture and fisheries, and integrated lake–river modeling.
Chunqiao Song, Chenyu Fan, Jingying Zhu, Jida Wang, Yongwei Sheng, Kai Liu, Tan Chen, Pengfei Zhan, Shuangxiao Luo, Chunyu Yuan, and Linghong Ke
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4017–4034, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4017-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4017-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the last century, many dams/reservoirs have been built globally to meet various needs. The official statistics reported more than 98 000 dams/reservoirs in China. Despite the availability of several global-scale dam/reservoir databases, these databases have insufficient coverage in China. Therefore, we present the China Reservoir Dataset (CRD), which contains 97 435 reservoir polygons. The CRD reservoirs have a total area of 50 085.21 km2 and total storage of about 979.62 Gt.
Jida Wang, Blake A. Walter, Fangfang Yao, Chunqiao Song, Meng Ding, Abu Sayeed Maroof, Jingying Zhu, Chenyu Fan, Jordan M. McAlister, Safat Sikder, Yongwei Sheng, George H. Allen, Jean-François Crétaux, and Yoshihide Wada
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1869–1899, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1869-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1869-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Improved water infrastructure data on dams and reservoirs remain to be critical to hydrologic modeling, energy planning, and environmental conservation. We present a new global dataset, GeoDAR, that includes nearly 25 000 georeferenced dam points and their associated reservoir boundaries. A majority of these features can be linked to the register of the International Commission on Large Dams, extending the potential of registered attribute information for spatially explicit applications.
Tongwen Wu, Rucong Yu, Yixiong Lu, Weihua Jie, Yongjie Fang, Jie Zhang, Li Zhang, Xiaoge Xin, Laurent Li, Zaizhi Wang, Yiming Liu, Fang Zhang, Fanghua Wu, Min Chu, Jianglong Li, Weiping Li, Yanwu Zhang, Xueli Shi, Wenyan Zhou, Junchen Yao, Xiangwen Liu, He Zhao, Jinghui Yan, Min Wei, Wei Xue, Anning Huang, Yaocun Zhang, Yu Zhang, Qi Shu, and Aixue Hu
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2977–3006, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2977-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2977-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the high-resolution version of the Beijing Climate Center (BCC) Climate System Model, BCC-CSM2-HR, and describes its climate simulation performance including the atmospheric temperature and wind; precipitation; and the tropical climate phenomena such as TC, MJO, QBO, and ENSO. BCC-CSM2-HR is our model version contributing to the HighResMIP. We focused on its updates and differential characteristics from its predecessor, the medium-resolution version BCC-CSM2-MR.
Francesco Piccioni, Céline Casenave, Bruno Jacques Lemaire, Patrick Le Moigne, Philippe Dubois, and Brigitte Vinçon-Leite
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 439–456, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-439-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-439-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Small lakes are ecosystems highly impacted by climate change. Here, the thermal regime of a small, shallow lake over the past six decades was reconstructed via 3D modelling. Significant changes were found: strong water warming in spring and summer (0.7 °C/decade) as well as increased stratification and thermal energy for cyanobacteria growth, especially in spring. The strong spatial patterns detected for stratification might create local conditions particularly favourable to cyanobacteria bloom.
Claire E. Simpson, Christopher D. Arp, Yongwei Sheng, Mark L. Carroll, Benjamin M. Jones, and Laurence C. Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1135–1150, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sonar depth point measurements collected at 17 lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska are used to train and validate models to map lake bathymetry. These models predict depth from remotely sensed lake color and are able to explain 58.5–97.6 % of depth variability. To calculate water volumes, we integrate this modeled bathymetry with lake surface area. Knowledge of Alaskan lake bathymetries and volumes is crucial to better understanding water storage, energy balance, and ecological habitat.
Yanbin Lei, Tandong Yao, Lide Tian, Yongwei Sheng, Lazhu, Jingjuan Liao, Huabiao Zhao, Wei Yang, Kun Yang, Etienne Berthier, Fanny Brun, Yang Gao, Meilin Zhu, and Guangjian Wu
The Cryosphere, 15, 199–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Two glaciers in the Aru range, western Tibetan Plateau (TP), collapsed suddenly on 17 July and 21 September 2016, respectively, causing fatal damage to local people and their livestock. The impact of the glacier collapses on the two downstream lakes (i.e., Aru Co and Memar Co) is investigated in terms of lake morphology, water level and water temperature. Our results provide a baseline in understanding the future lake response to glacier melting on the TP under a warming climate.
Cited articles
Ardhuin, F., Jenkins, A. D., and Belibassakis, K. A.: Comments on “The
three-dimensional current and surface wave equations”, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
38, 1340–1350, 2008.
Blumberg, A. F. and Mellor, G. L.: A description of a three-dimensional
coastal ocean circulation model, in: Three-dimensional
Coastal Ocean Models, edited by: Heaps, N., 4, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/CO004, 1987.
Booij, N., Ris, R. C., and Holthuijsen, L. H.: A third-generation wave model
for coastal regions, Part I, Model description and validation, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 104, 7649–7666, 1999.
Butler, H. L.: Evolution of a Numerical Model for Simulating Long-Period
Wave Behavior in Ocean-Estuarine Systems, in: Estuarine and Wetland Processes, edited by: Hamilton, P. and Macdonald, K. B., Marine Science, 11, Springer, Boston, MA, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5177-2_6, 1980.
Chen, C., Huang, H., Beardsley, R. C., Xu, Q., Limeburner, R., Cowles, G.
W., Sun, Y., Qi, J., and Lin, H.: Tidal dynamics in the Gulf of Maine and
New England Shelf: An application of FVCOM, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C12010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007054, 2011.
Chen, F., Zhang, C., Brett, M. T., and Nielsen, J. M.: The importance of the
wind-drag coefficient parameterization for hydrodynamic modeling of a large
shallow lake, Ecol. Inform., 59, 101106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101106, 2020.
Chen, T., Zhang, Q., Wu, Y., Ji, C., Yang, J., and Liu, G.: Development of a
wave-current model through coupling of FVCOM and SWAN, Ocean Eng., 164,
443–454, 2018.
Coastal Engineering Research Center: Shore protection manual, Dept. of the Army, Waterways Experiment Station, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA, https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16021coll11/id/1934/ (last access: 25 January 2022), 1984.
Delft University of Technology: SWAN, Delft University of Technology [code], http://swanmodel.sourceforge.net/, last access: 2 September 2021.
Edson, J. B., Jampana, V., Weller, R. A., Bigorre, S. P., Plueddemann, A.
J., and Fairall, C. W., Miller, S. D., Mahrt, L., Vickers, D., and Hersbach,
H.: On the exchange of momentum over the open ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
43, 1589–1610, 2013.
Feng, T., Wang, C., Wang, P., Qian, J., and Wang, X.: How physiological and
physical processes contribute to the phenology of cyanobacterial blooms in
large shallow lakes: a new Euler-Lagrangian coupled model, Water Res.,
140, 34–43, 2018.
Geernaert, G. L., Larssen, S. E., and Hansen, F.: Measurements of the
wind-stress, heat flux, and turbulence intensity during storm conditions
over the North Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 98, 16571–16582, 1987.
Hamrick, J. M.: A Three-Dimensional Environmental Fluid Dynamics
Computer Code: Theoretical and Computational Aspects, Special Report No. 317
in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, College of William and
Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, https://doi.org/10.21220/V5TT6C, 1992.
Han, Y., Fang, H., Huang, L., Li, S., and He, G.: Simulating the
distribution of Corbicula fluminea in Lake Taihu by benthic invertebrate biomass dynamic model
(BIBDM), Ecol. Model., 409, 108730, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108730, 2019.
Hipsey, M. R., Bruce, L. C., Boon, C., Busch, B., Carey, C. C., Hamilton, D. P., Hanson, P. C., Read, J. S., de Sousa, E., Weber, M., and Winslow, L. A.: A General Lake Model (GLM 3.0) for linking with high-frequency sensor data from the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON), Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 473–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-473-2019, 2019.
Hofmann, H., Lorke, A., and Peeters, F.: The relative importance of wind and
ship waves in the littoral zone of a large lake, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53,
368–380, 2008.
Huang, A., Rao, Y. R., Lu, Y., and Zhao, J.: Hydrodynamic modeling of Lake
Ontario: An intercomparison of three models, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115,
C12076, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006269, 2010.
Hu, R. and Wu, T.: Measured hydrodynamic datesets, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184459, 2021.
Hu, W., JØrgensen, S. E., and Zhang, F.: A vertical-compressed
three-dimensional ecological model in Lake Taihu, China, Ecol. Model.,
190, 367–398, 2006.
Hutter, K., Wang, Y., and Chubarenko, I. P.: Physics of lakes, Volume 1:
foundation of the mathematical and physical background, edited by: Steeb, H., Advances in Geophysical and Environmental Mechanics and Mathematics book series (AGEM), Springer, ISBN 978 3 642 26597 6, 2011.
Ishikawa, M., Gonzalez, W., Golyjeswski, O., Sales, G., Rigotti, J. A., Bleninger, T., Mannich, M., and Lorke, A.: Effects of dimensionality on the performance of hydrodynamic models, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-250, in review, 2021.
Jeffreys, H.: On the formation of wave by wind, P. Roy. Soc. A, 107,
189–206, 1925.
Ji, C., Zhang, Q., and Wu, Y.: Derivation of three-dimensional radiation
stress based on Lagrangian solutions of progressive waves, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 47, 2829–2842, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-16-0277.1, 2017.
Ji, Z. G.: Hydrodynamics and Water Quality: Modeling Rivers, Lakes, and
Estuaries, 2nd Edn., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119371946, 2008.
Ji, Z. G., Morton, M. R., and Hamrick, J. M.: Wetting and drying simulation
of estuarine processes, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 53, 683–700, 2001.
Jin, K. R. and Ji, Z. G.: Application and validation of three-dimensional model in a shallow lake, J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 131, 213–225, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2005)131:5(213), 2005.
Jin, K. R., Hamrick, J. H., and Tisdale, T.: Application of three-dimensional
model for Lake Okeechobee, J. Hydraul. Eng., 126, 758–771, 2000.
Koue, J., Shimadera, H., Matsuo, T., and Kondo, A.: Evaluation of thermal
stratification and flow field reproduced by a three-dimensional hydrodynamic
model in Lake Biwa, Japan, Water, 10, 47, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010047, 2018.
Kumar, N., Voulgaris, G., and Warner, J. C.: Implementation and modification
of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and
rip-current applications, Coast. Eng., 58, 1097–1117, 2011.
Large, W. G. and Pond, S.: Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 324–336, 1981.
LLC: Dynamic Solutions – International, LLC [code], https://www.eemodelingsystem.com/, last access: 7 August 2021.
Longuet-Higgins, M. S. and Stewart, R. W.: Radiation stresses in water
waves: a physical discussion, with application, Deep-Sea Res., 11,
529–562, 1964.
Li, Y., Acharya, K., and Yu, Z.: Modeling impacts of Yangtze River water
transfer on water ages in Lake Taihu, China, Ecol. Eng., 37, 325–334, 2011.
Li, Y., Tang, C., Zhu, J., Pan, B., Anim, D. O., Ji, Y., Yu, Z., and
Acharya, K.: Parametric uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of hydrodynamic
processes for a large shallow freshwater lake, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 60,
1078–1095, 2015.
Liu, B., Liu, H., Xie, L., Guan, C., and Zhao, D.: A coupled
atmosphere-wave-ocean modeling system: simulation of the intensity of an
idealized tropical cyclone, Mon. Weather Rev., 139, 132–152, 2011.
Liu, S., Ye, Q., Wu, S., and Stive, M. J. F.: Horizontal Circulation Patterns
in a Large Shallow Lake: Taihu Lake, China, Water, 10, 792, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060792, 2018.
Lükő, G., Torma, P., Krámer, T., Weidinger, T., Vecenaj, Z., and Grisogono, B.: Observation of wave-driven air–water turbulent momentum exchange in a large but fetch-limited shallow lake, Adv. Sci. Res., 17, 175–182, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-175-2020, 2020.
MacIntyre, S., Bastviken, D., Arneborg, L., Crowe, A. T., Karlsson, J.,
Andersson A., Gålfalk, M., Rutgersson, A., Podgrajsek, E., and
Melack, J. M.: Turbulence in a small boreal lake: Consequences for air-water
gas exchange, Limnol. Oceanogr., 9999, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11645, 2020.
Mao, J., Chen, Q., and Chen, Y.: Three-dimensional eutrophication model and
application to Lake Taihu, China, J. Environ. Sci., 20, 278–284, 2008.
Mellor, G. L.: The depth-dependent current and wave interaction equations: a
revision, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38, 2587–2596, 2008.
Mellor, G. L. and Yamada, T.: Development of a turbulence closure model for
geophysical fluid problems, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 20, 851–875, 1982.
Morey, S. L., Gopalakrishnan, G., Sanz, E. P., De Souza, J. M. A. C.,
Donohue, K., Pérez-Brunius, P., Dukhovskoy, D., Chassignet, E.,
Cornuelle, B., Bower, A., Furey, H., Hamilton, P., and Candela, J.:
Assessment of numerical simulations of deep circulation and variability in
the Gulf of Mexico using recent observations, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 50,
1045–1064, 2020.
Munk, W. H.: Wind stress on water: an hypothesis, Q. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 81,
320–332, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708134903, 1955.
Qin, B., Xu, P., Wu, Q., Luo, L., and Zhang, Y.: Environmental issues of
Lake Taihu, China, Hydrobiologia, 581, 3–14, 2007.
Rey, A., Mulligan, R., Filion, Y., da Silva, A. M., Champagne, P. and
Boegman, L.: Three-dimensional hydrodynamic behaviour of an operational
wastewater stabilization pond, J. Environ. Eng. ASCE, 147, 05020009,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001834, 2021.
Schoen, J. H., Stretch, D. D., and Tirok, K.: Wind-driven circulation
patterns in a shallow estuarine lake: St Lucia, South Africa, Estuar. Coast.
Shelf S., 146, 49–59, 2014.
Shchepetkin, A. F. and McWilliams, J. C.: The regional oceanic modeling
system (ROMS): a split-explicit, free-surface,
topography-following-coordinate oceanic model, Ocean Model., 9, 347–404,
2005.
Soulignac, F., Vinçon-Leite, B., Lemaire, B. J., Martins, J. R.,
Scarati, Bonhomme, C., Dubois, P., Mezemate, Y., Tchiguirinskaia, I.,
Schertzer, D., and Tassin, B.: Performance assessment of a 3D hydrodynamic
model using high temporal resolution measurements in a shallow urban lake,
Environ. Model. Assess., 22, 309–322, 2017.
Sun, F., Wei, Y., and Wu, K.: Wave-induced radiation stress under
geostrophic condition, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 28, 1–4, 2006 (in
Chinese with English abstract).
SWAN team: SWAN Cycle III version 41.31AB, Use Manual, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA DELFT, Netherlands, https://swanmodel.sourceforge.io/download/download.htm (last access: 2 September 2021), 2021.
Vinçon-Leite, B. and Casenave, C.: Modelling eutrophication in lake
ecosystems: A review, Sci. Total Environ., 651, 2985–3001, 2019.
Wang, C., Shen, C., Wang, P. F., Qian, J., Hou, J., and Liu, J. J.: Modeling
of sediment and heavy metal transport in Taihu Lake, China, J. Hydrodyn.
Ser. B, 25, 379–387, 2013.
Wang, Z., Wu, T., Zou, H., Jia, X., Huang, L., Liang, C., and Zhang, Z.:
Changes in seasonal characteristics of wind and wave in different regions of
Lake Taihu, J. Lake Sci., 28, 217–224, 2016 (in Chinese with English
abstract).
Warner, J. C., Sherwood, C. R., Signell, R. P., Harris, C. K., and Arango,
H. G.: Development of a three-dimensional, regional, coupled wave, current,
and sediment-transport model, Comput. Geosci., 34, 1284–1306, 2008.
Wei, Z., Miyano, A., and Sugita, M.: Drag and bulk transfer coefficients
over water surfaces in light winds, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 160, 319–346,
2016.
Wu, J.: Wind-stress coefficients over sea surface near neutral conditions – A revisit, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 727–740, 1980.
Wu, L., Chen, C., Guo, P., Shi, M., Qi, J., and Ge, J.: A FVCOM-based
unstructured grid wave, current, sediment transport model, I. model
description and validation, J. Ocean U. China, 10, 1–8, 2011.
Wu, T.: The source code of the EFDC model, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5602801, 2021a.
Wu, T.: The configurations, inputs and outputs of the EFDC model for all simulated episodes, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5180640, 2021b.
Wu, T. and Qin, B.: The configurations, inputs and outputs of the WCCM model for all simulated episodes, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5709811, 2021.
Wu, T., Qin, B., Ding, W., Zhu, G., Zhang, Y., Gao, G., Xu, H., Li, W.,
Dong, B., and Luo, L.: Field observation of different wind-induced
basin-scale current field dynamics in a large, polymictic, eutrophic lake,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123, 6945–6961, 2018.
Wu, T., Qin, B., Brookes, J. D., Yan, W., Ji, X., Feng, J., Ding, W., and
Wang, H.: Spatial distribution of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake
Taihu from a hydrodynamics-induced transport perspective, Sci. Total
Environ., 650, 1554–1565, 2019.
Wüest, A. and Lorke, A.: Small-scale hydrodynamics in lakes, Annu. Rev.
Fluid Mech., 35, 373–412, 2003.
Xiao, W., Liu, S., Wang, W., Yang, D., Xu, J., Cao, C., Li, H., and Lee, X.:
Transfer coefficients of momentum, heat and water vapour in the atmospheric
surface layer of a large freshwater lake, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 148,
479–494, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-013-9827-9, 2013.
Xu, X., Tao, R., Zhao, Q., and Wu, T.: Wave characteristics and sensitivity
analysis of wind field in a large shallow lake-Lake Taihu, J. Lake Sci.,
25, 55–64, 2013 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu, Z. G. and Bowen, A. J.: Wave- and wind-driven flow in water of finite
depth, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1850–1866, 1994.
Zhao, Q., Sun, J., and Zhu, G.: Simulation and exploration of the mechanisms
underlying the spatiotemporal distribution of surface mixed layer depth in a
large shallow lake, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1360–1373, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-1262-1, 2012.
Zheng, S., Wang, P., Wang, C., and Hou, J.: Sediment resuspension under
action of wind in Taihu Lake, China, Int. J. Sediment Res., 30, 48–62, 2015.
Zhou, J., Zeng, C., and Wang, L.: Influence of wind drag coefficient on
wind-drived flow simulation, Chinese J. Hydrodyn., 24, 440–447, 2009 (in
Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou, L., Chen, D., Karnauskas, K. B., Wang, C., Lei, X., Wang, W., Wang,
G., and Han, G.: Introduction to special section on oceanic responses and
feedbacks to tropical cyclones, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123, 742–745,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2018JC013809, 2018.
Short summary
Most hydrodynamic models were initially developed based in marine environments. They cannot be directly applied to large lakes. Based on field observations and numerical experiments of a large shallow lake, we developed a hydrodynamic model by adopting new schemes of wind stress, wind waves, and turbulence for large lakes. Our model can greatly improve the simulation of lake currents. This study will be a reminder to limnologists to prudently use ocean models to study lake hydrodynamics.
Most hydrodynamic models were initially developed based in marine environments. They cannot be...