Articles | Volume 16, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4481-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4481-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
08 Aug 2023
Model description paper |
| 08 Aug 2023
| 08 Aug 2023
DynQual v1.0: a high-resolution global surface water quality model
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Marc F. P. Bierkens
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Deltares, Unit Soil and Groundwater Systems, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Niko Wanders
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Edwin H. Sutanudjaja
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Ludovicus P. H. van Beek
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Michelle T. H. van Vliet
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Related authors
No articles found.
Bamidele Oloruntoba, Bagher Bayat, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Souleymane Fanta Konaté, Carsten Montzka, Harry Vereecken, and Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5622, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5622, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how climate change and rising water use may affect groundwater recharge across Africa through 2100, using several climate projections and water-use estimates. Under high emissions, recharge falls sharply and becomes less reliable, while demand rises, increasing pressure especially in North and West Africa. The results show that cutting emissions and improving local groundwater monitoring and management are both important.
Saskia Salwey, Sandra Hauswirth, Denise Ruijsch, Barry van Jaarsveld, Jonna van Mourik, and Niko Wanders
Earth Syst. Dynam., 17, 1609–1627, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1609-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1609-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates how weather conditions influence droughts in groundwater. We focus on understanding why some groundwater droughts last for several years, since these long events can be difficult to manage and have particularly bad impacts. We find that some features of the groundwater system can worsen the effects of dry weather, making long groundwater droughts more likely. We categorize global groundwater data into three groups to describe how it is impacted by the weather.
Denise Ruijsch, Sandra Margrit Hauswirth, Maik Billing, Werner von Bloh, Hester Biemans, and Niko Wanders
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5664, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5664, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
Droughts are becoming an increasing threat to forests, but it remains difficult to predict how trees will respond and recover. We improved a forest model by introducing a new way to represent tree death during drought and tested it against observations of tree mortality and plant growth. The new approach better captured tree losses and reduced unrealistic recovery after drought, providing a more realistic picture of how forests may respond to future climate change.
Barry van Jaarsveld, Niko Wanders, Nicole Gyakowah Otoo, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Jarno Verkaik, Daniel Zamrsky, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Earth Syst. Dynam., 17, 1201–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1201-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1201-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We simulated how global groundwater levels have changed in the past and how they might change in the future. By improving model accuracy and using hyper-resolution data, we can now see where water tables are falling or rising across the world at 1km resolution. These results help communities and decision-makers plan for more sustainable water use in a changing climate.
Ali Reza Shahvaran, Roohollah Noori, Mohammed Basheer, Kaveh Madani, Chenxi Mi, Kun Shi, Yong Qiang Zhou, R. Iestyn Woolway, Yun Lin Zhang, Bo Qiang Qin, Amir AghaKouchak, and Michelle T. H. van Vliet
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-528, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-528, 2026
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We built the first global dataset that tracks daily water quality for more than five thousand lakes over twenty years. By turning complex satellite images into simple, ready-to-use tables, we make lake conditions easy to explore. Our new quality checks help users spot unusual or uncertain data. This resource opens the door for better research and smarter decisions about how lakes are changing in a warming world.
Xueying Li, Yan Sun, Xihui Gu, Niko Wanders, Bridget R. Scanlon, and Louise J. Slater
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-282, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-282, 2026
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Existing datasets of terrestrial water storage anomalies are too coarse to capture sub-regional variations, limiting understanding of fine-scale water processes. Here we use physically guided deep learning to produce a higher-resolution dataset across China for 2002–2023, increasing spatial detail from 3° to 0.1° resolution. The dataset preserves large-scale satellite observations and shows good consistency in process-based evaluations, supporting sub-regional hydrologic analysis.
Denise Ruijsch, Sandra Margrit Hauswirth, Hester Biemans, and Niko Wanders
Earth Syst. Dynam., 17, 607–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-607-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-607-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how plants respond to long droughts using model simulations and satellite data. The model reproduces drought impacts fairly well but tends to show plants recovering too quickly. Improving how the model represents plant stress and recovery will help predict how ecosystems respond to more frequent and severe droughts in the future.
Ehsan Modiri, Oldrich Rakovec, Pallav Kumar Shrestha, Almudena García-García, Leandro Avila, Katie Blackford, Elizabeth Cooper, Bram Droppers, Paolo Filippucci, Milan Fischer, Matěj Orság, Pietro Stradiotti, Luca Brocca, Douglas B. Clark, Wouter Dorigo, Stefan Kollet, Jian Peng, Niko Wanders, and Luis Samaniego
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1012, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Drought impacts water supply, agriculture, and ecosystems, yet hydrological models often disagree on when and where drought occurs. This study tested whether satellite observations can improve how models represent soil moisture drought in the Rhine River basin. Using several models and major drought events, we show that satellite data improve spatial realism and reveal important differences among models, helping to better understand uncertainty in drought monitoring and early warning.
Joren Janzing, Niko Wanders, Marit van Tiel, Barry van Jaarsveld, Dirk N. Karger, and Manuela I. Brunner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 7041–7071, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-7041-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-7041-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Process representation in hyper-resolution large-scale hydrological models (LHMs) limits model performance, particularly in mountain regions. Here, we update mountain process representation in an LHM and compare different meteorological forcing products. Structural and parametric changes in snow, glacier, and soil processes improve discharge simulations, while meteorological forcing remains a major control on model performance. Our work can guide future development of LHMs.
Qing He, Naota Hanasaki, Akiko Matsumura, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, and Taikan Oki
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 9653–9686, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9653-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9653-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a global groundwater modeling framework at 5 arcmin resolution, developed through an offline coupling of the H08 water resource model and MODFLOW6. The model includes a single-layer aquifer and is designed to capture long-term mean groundwater dynamics under varying climate types. The manuscript describes the model structure, input datasets, and evaluation against available observations.
Jennie C. Steyaert, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Marc Bierkens, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 6499–6527, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6499-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6499-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using machine learning techniques and remotely sensed reservoir data, we develop a workflow to derive reservoir storage bounds. We put these bounds in a global hydrologic model, PCR-GLOBWB 2, and evaluate the difference between generalized operations (the schemes typically in global models) and this data derived method. We find that modelled storage is more accurate in the data derived operations. We also find that generalized operations over estimate storage and can underestimate water gaps.
Sneha Chevuru, Rens L. P. H. van Beek, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Jerom P. M. Aerts, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 4219–4239, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4219-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4219-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study combines the global hydrological model
PCRaster Global Water Balancewith the
World Food Studiescrop model to analyze feedbacks between hydrology and crop growth. It quantifies one-way and two-way interactions, revealing patterns in crop yield and irrigation water use. Dynamic interactions enhance understanding of climate variability impacts on food production, highlighting the importance of two-way model coupling for accurate assessments.
Nicole Gyakowah Otoo, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Aafke M. Schipper, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2153–2165, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2153-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2153-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution of groundwater to groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) is declining as a result of an increase in groundwater abstractions and climate change. This may lead to loss of habitat and biodiversity. This proposed framework enables the mapping and understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of GDEs on a large scale. The next step is to assess the global impacts of climate change and water use on GDE extent and health.
Hannes Müller Schmied, Simon Newland Gosling, Marlo Garnsworthy, Laura Müller, Camelia-Eliza Telteu, Atiq Kainan Ahmed, Lauren Seaby Andersen, Julien Boulange, Peter Burek, Jinfeng Chang, He Chen, Lukas Gudmundsson, Manolis Grillakis, Luca Guillaumot, Naota Hanasaki, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Rohini Kumar, Guoyong Leng, Junguo Liu, Xingcai Liu, Inga Menke, Vimal Mishra, Yadu Pokhrel, Oldrich Rakovec, Luis Samaniego, Yusuke Satoh, Harsh Lovekumar Shah, Mikhail Smilovic, Tobias Stacke, Edwin Sutanudjaja, Wim Thiery, Athanasios Tsilimigkras, Yoshihide Wada, Niko Wanders, and Tokuta Yokohata
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2409–2425, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2409-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2409-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Global water models contribute to the evaluation of important natural and societal issues but are – as all models – simplified representation of reality. So, there are many ways to calculate the water fluxes and storages. This paper presents a visualization of 16 global water models using a standardized visualization and the pathway towards this common understanding. Next to academic education purposes, we envisage that these diagrams will help researchers, model developers, and data users.
Barry van Jaarsveld, Niko Wanders, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Jannis Hoch, Bram Droppers, Joren Janzing, Rens L. P. H. van Beek, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Earth Syst. Dynam., 16, 29–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-29-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-29-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Policy makers use global hydrological models to develop water management strategies and policies. However, it would be better if these models provided information at higher resolution. We present a first-of-its-kind, truly global hyper-resolution model and show that hyper-resolution brings about better estimates of river discharge, and this is especially true for smaller catchments. Our results also suggest that future hyper-resolution models need to include more detailed land cover information.
Safaa Naffaa, Frances F. E. Dunne, Jannis Hoch, Geert Sterk, Steven S. M. de Jong, and Rens L. P. H. van Beek
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-255, 2024
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the RDSM model. Human impacts such as climate change, land cover change and reservoir construction can be explicitly modelled and evaluated. We applied RDSM to the Amazon. We also validated the model and we conclude that RDSM effectively represents the patterns of monthly and annual variations of discharge and sediment transport across the Amazon Basin and to the ocean. Our findings are relevant to the research community working on the Amazon Basin and on similar topics.
Barry van Jaarsveld, Sandra M. Hauswirth, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2357–2374, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2357-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2357-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drought often manifests itself in vegetation; however, obtaining high-resolution remote-sensing products that are spatially and temporally consistent is difficult. In this study, we show that machine learning (ML) can fill data gaps in existing products. We also demonstrate that ML can be used as a downscaling tool. By relying on ML for gap filling and downscaling, we can obtain a more holistic view of the impacts of drought on vegetation.
Mugni Hadi Hariadi, Gerard van der Schrier, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, Samuel J. Sutanto, Edwin Sutanudjaja, Dian Nur Ratri, Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan, and Albert Klein Tank
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1935–1956, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1935-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1935-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We utilize the high-resolution CMIP6 for extreme rainfall and streamflow projection over Southeast Asia. This region will experience an increase in both dry and wet extremes in the near future. We found a more extreme low flow and high flow, along with an increasing probability of low-flow and high-flow events. We reveal that the changes in low-flow events and their probabilities are not only influenced by extremely dry climates but also by the catchment characteristics.
Jarno Verkaik, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink, Hai Xiang Lin, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 275–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the parallel PCR-GLOBWB global-scale groundwater model at 30 arcsec resolution (~1 km at the Equator). Named GLOBGM v1.0, this model is a follow-up of the 5 arcmin (~10 km) model, aiming for a higher-resolution simulation of worldwide fresh groundwater reserves under climate change and excessive pumping. For a long transient simulation using a parallel prototype of MODFLOW 6, we show that our implementation is efficient for a relatively low number of processor cores.
Heidi Kreibich, Kai Schröter, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Anne F. Van Loon, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu, Svetlana Agafonova, Amir AghaKouchak, Hafzullah Aksoy, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Blanca Aznar, Laila Balkhi, Marlies H. Barendrecht, Sylvain Biancamaria, Liduin Bos-Burgering, Chris Bradley, Yus Budiyono, Wouter Buytaert, Lucinda Capewell, Hayley Carlson, Yonca Cavus, Anaïs Couasnon, Gemma Coxon, Ioannis Daliakopoulos, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Claire Delus, Mathilde Erfurt, Giuseppe Esposito, Didier François, Frédéric Frappart, Jim Freer, Natalia Frolova, Animesh K. Gain, Manolis Grillakis, Jordi Oriol Grima, Diego A. Guzmán, Laurie S. Huning, Monica Ionita, Maxim Kharlamov, Dao Nguyen Khoi, Natalie Kieboom, Maria Kireeva, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Waldo Lavado-Casimiro, Hong-Yi Li, Maria Carmen LLasat, David Macdonald, Johanna Mård, Hannah Mathew-Richards, Andrew McKenzie, Alfonso Mejia, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Marjolein Mens, Shifteh Mobini, Guilherme Samprogna Mohor, Viorica Nagavciuc, Thanh Ngo-Duc, Huynh Thi Thao Nguyen, Pham Thi Thao Nhi, Olga Petrucci, Nguyen Hong Quan, Pere Quintana-Seguí, Saman Razavi, Elena Ridolfi, Jannik Riegel, Md Shibly Sadik, Nivedita Sairam, Elisa Savelli, Alexey Sazonov, Sanjib Sharma, Johanna Sörensen, Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza, Kerstin Stahl, Max Steinhausen, Michael Stoelzle, Wiwiana Szalińska, Qiuhong Tang, Fuqiang Tian, Tamara Tokarczyk, Carolina Tovar, Thi Van Thu Tran, Marjolein H. J. van Huijgevoort, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Thorsten Wagener, Yueling Wang, Doris E. Wendt, Elliot Wickham, Long Yang, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, and Philip J. Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2009–2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management. We present a dataset containing data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The dataset enables comparative analyses and allows detailed context-specific assessments. Additionally, it supports the testing of socio-hydrological models.
Jannis M. Hoch, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Niko Wanders, Rens L. P. H. van Beek, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1383–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To facilitate locally relevant simulations over large areas, global hydrological models (GHMs) have moved towards ever finer spatial resolutions. After a decade-long quest for hyper-resolution (i.e. equal to or smaller than 1 km), the presented work is a first application of a GHM at 1 km resolution over Europe. This not only shows that hyper-resolution can be achieved but also allows for a thorough evaluation of model results at unprecedented detail and the formulation of future research.
Sandra M. Hauswirth, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Vincent Beijk, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 501–517, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-501-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-501-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forecasts on water availability are important for water managers. We test a hybrid framework based on machine learning models and global input data for generating seasonal forecasts. Our evaluation shows that our discharge and surface water level predictions are able to create reliable forecasts up to 2 months ahead. We show that a hybrid framework, developed for local purposes and combined and rerun with global data, can create valuable information similar to large-scale forecasting models.
Sigrid Jørgensen Bakke, Niko Wanders, Karin van der Wiel, and Lena Merete Tallaksen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 65–89, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-65-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-65-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we developed a machine learning model to identify dominant controls of wildfire in Fennoscandia and produce monthly fire danger probability maps. The dominant control was shallow-soil water anomaly, followed by air temperature and deep soil water. The model proved skilful with a similar performance as the existing Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI). We highlight the benefit of using data-driven models jointly with other fire models to improve fire monitoring and prediction.
Pau Wiersma, Jerom Aerts, Harry Zekollari, Markus Hrachowitz, Niels Drost, Matthias Huss, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, and Rolf Hut
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5971–5986, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5971-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5971-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We test whether coupling a global glacier model (GloGEM) with a global hydrological model (PCR-GLOBWB 2) leads to a more realistic glacier representation and to improved basin runoff simulations across 25 large-scale basins. The coupling does lead to improved glacier representation, mainly by accounting for glacier flow and net glacier mass loss, and to improved basin runoff simulations, mostly in strongly glacier-influenced basins, which is where the coupling has the most impact.
Vili Virkki, Elina Alanärä, Miina Porkka, Lauri Ahopelto, Tom Gleeson, Chinchu Mohan, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Martina Flörke, Dieter Gerten, Simon N. Gosling, Naota Hanasaki, Hannes Müller Schmied, Niko Wanders, and Matti Kummu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3315–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Direct and indirect human actions have altered streamflow across the world since pre-industrial times. Here, we apply a method of environmental flow envelopes (EFEs) that develops the existing global environmental flow assessments by methodological advances and better consideration of uncertainty. By assessing the violations of the EFE, we comprehensively quantify the frequency, severity, and trends of flow alteration during the past decades, illustrating anthropogenic effects on streamflow.
Veit Blauhut, Michael Stoelzle, Lauri Ahopelto, Manuela I. Brunner, Claudia Teutschbein, Doris E. Wendt, Vytautas Akstinas, Sigrid J. Bakke, Lucy J. Barker, Lenka Bartošová, Agrita Briede, Carmelo Cammalleri, Ksenija Cindrić Kalin, Lucia De Stefano, Miriam Fendeková, David C. Finger, Marijke Huysmans, Mirjana Ivanov, Jaak Jaagus, Jiří Jakubínský, Svitlana Krakovska, Gregor Laaha, Monika Lakatos, Kiril Manevski, Mathias Neumann Andersen, Nina Nikolova, Marzena Osuch, Pieter van Oel, Kalina Radeva, Renata J. Romanowicz, Elena Toth, Mirek Trnka, Marko Urošev, Julia Urquijo Reguera, Eric Sauquet, Aleksandra Stevkov, Lena M. Tallaksen, Iryna Trofimova, Anne F. Van Loon, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Niko Wanders, Micha Werner, Patrick Willems, and Nenad Živković
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2201–2217, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recent drought events caused enormous damage in Europe. We therefore questioned the existence and effect of current drought management strategies on the actual impacts and how drought is perceived by relevant stakeholders. Over 700 participants from 28 European countries provided insights into drought hazard and impact perception and current management strategies. The study concludes with an urgent need to collectively combat drought risk via a European macro-level drought governance approach.
Tom Gleeson, Thorsten Wagener, Petra Döll, Samuel C. Zipper, Charles West, Yoshihide Wada, Richard Taylor, Bridget Scanlon, Rafael Rosolem, Shams Rahman, Nurudeen Oshinlaja, Reed Maxwell, Min-Hui Lo, Hyungjun Kim, Mary Hill, Andreas Hartmann, Graham Fogg, James S. Famiglietti, Agnès Ducharne, Inge de Graaf, Mark Cuthbert, Laura Condon, Etienne Bresciani, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7545–7571, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7545-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7545-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater is increasingly being included in large-scale (continental to global) land surface and hydrologic simulations. However, it is challenging to evaluate these simulations because groundwater is
hiddenunderground and thus hard to measure. We suggest using multiple complementary strategies to assess the performance of a model (
model evaluation).
Marc F. P. Bierkens, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5859–5878, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5859-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5859-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a simple analytical framework that allows us to estimate to what extent large-scale groundwater withdrawal affects groundwater levels and streamflow. It also calculates which part of the groundwater withdrawal comes out of groundwater storage and which part from a reduction in streamflow. Global depletion rates obtained with the framework are compared with estimates from satellites, from global- and continental-scale groundwater models, and from in situ datasets.
Cited articles
Batjes, N. H.: ISRIC-WISE global data set of derived soil properties on a
0.5 by 0.5 degree grid (Version 3.0), World Soil Information, Wageningen,
24, d9eca770-29a4-4d95-bf93-f32e1ab419c3, 2005.
Beusen, A. H. W., Dekkers, A. L. M., Bouwman, A. F., Ludwig, W., and
Harrison, J.: Estimation of global river transport of sediments and
associated particulate C, N, and P, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB4S05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gb002453, 2005.
Beusen, A. H. W., Van Beek, L. P. H., Bouwman, A. F., Mogollón, J. M., and Middelburg, J. J.: Coupling global models for hydrology and nutrient loading to simulate nitrogen and phosphorus retention in surface water – description of IMAGE–GNM and analysis of performance, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 4045–4067, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-4045-2015, 2015.
Chapra, S. C., Pelletier, G. J., and Tao, H.: QUAL2K: A Modeling Framework for Simulating River and Stream Water Quality, Version 2.11: Documentation and Users Manual, Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Tufts University, Medford, MA, 2008.
Cucchi, M., Weedon, G. P., Amici, A., Bellouin, N., Lange, S., Müller Schmied, H., Hersbach, H., and Buontempo, C.: WFDE5: bias-adjusted ERA5 reanalysis data for impact studies, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2097–2120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2097-2020, 2020.
Damania, R., Desbureaux, S., Rodella, A.-S., Russ, J., and Zaveri, E.:
Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crises, World Bank Group, Washington,
DC, https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1459-4, 2019.
Desbureaux, S., Mortier, F., Zaveri, E., van Vliet, M. T. H., Russ, J.,
Rodella, A. S., and Damania, R.: Mapping global hotspots and trends of water
quality (1992–2010): a data driven approach, Environ. Res.
Lett., 17, 114048, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac9cf6, 2022.
Ehalt Macedo, H., Lehner, B., Nicell, J., Grill, G., Li, J., Limtong, A., and Shakya, R.: Distribution and characteristics of wastewater treatment plants within the global river network, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 559–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-559-2022, 2022.
Gilbert, M., Nicolas, G., Cinardi, G., Van Boeckel, T. P., Vanwambeke, S.
O., Wint, G. R. W., and Robinson, T. P.: Global distribution data for
cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and ducks in 2010,
Sci. Data, 5, 180227, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.227, 2018.
Gudmundsson, L., Boulange, J., Do, H. X., Gosling, S. N., Grillakis, M. G.,
Koutroulis, A. G., Leonard, M., Liu, J., Müller Schmied, H.,
Papadimitriou, L., Pokhrel, Y., Seneviratne, S. I., Satoh, Y., Thiery, W.,
Westra, S., Zhang, X., and Zhao, F.: Globally observed trends in mean and
extreme river flow attributed to climate change, Science, 371, 1159–1162, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba3996, 2021.
Hofstra, N., Bouwman, A. F., Beusen, A. H. W., and Medema, G. J.: Exploring
global Cryptosporidium emissions to surface water, Sci. Total
Environ., 442, 10–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.013, 2013.
Hrachowitz, M., Savenije, H. H. G., Blöschl, G., McDonnell, J. J.,
Sivapalan, M., Pomeroy, J. W., Arheimer, B., Blume, T., Clark, M. P., Ehret,
U., Fenicia, F., Freer, J. E., Gelfan, A., Gupta, H. V., Hughes, D. A., Hut,
R. W., Montanari, A., Pande, S., Tetzlaff, D., Troch, P. A., Uhlenbrook, S.,
Wagener, T., Winsemius, H. C., Woods, R. A., Zehe, E., and Cudennec, C.: A
decade of Predictions in Ungauged Basins (PUB) – a review, Hydrolog.
Sci. J., 58, 1198-1255, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.803183, 2013.
Jones, E. R.: DynQual input example: Rhine basin, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7027242, 2022.
Jones, E. R., van Vliet, M. T. H., Qadir, M., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 237–254, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-237-2021, 2021.
Jones, E. R., Bierkens, M. F. P., Wanders, N., Sutanudjaja, E. H., van Beek,
L. P. H., and van Vliet, M. T. H.: Current wastewater treatment targets are
insufficient to protect surface water quality, Commun. Earth
Environ., 3, 221, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00554-y, 2022a.
Jones, E. R., Bierkens, M. F. P., Wanders, N., Sutanudjaja, E. H., van Beek, L. P. H., and van Vliet, M. T. H.: Global monthly hydrology and water quality datasets, derived from the dynamical surface water quality model (DynQual) at 10 km spatial resolution, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7139222, 2022b.
Jones, E. R., Bierkens. M. F. P., Wanders, N., Sutanudjaja, E. H., van Beek, L. P. H., and van Vliet, M. T. H.: UU-Hydro/DYNQUAL: DynQual v1.0, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7932317, 2023.
Knoben, W. J. M., Freer, J. E., and Woods, R. A.: Technical note: Inherent benchmark or not? Comparing Nash–Sutcliffe and Kling–Gupta efficiency scores, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4323–4331, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4323-2019, 2019.
Lange, S. and Geiger, T.: ISIMIP3a population input data (1.0), SIMIP Repository [data set], https://doi.org/10.48364/ISIMIP.822480, 2020.
Lohrmann, A., Farfan, J., Caldera, U., Lohrmann, C., and Breyer, C.: Global
scenarios for significant water use reduction in thermal power plants based
on cooling water demand estimation using satellite imagery, Nat. Energ.,
4, 1040–1048, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0501-4, 2019.
Loucks, D. P. and Beek, E. V.: Water quality modeling and prediction, in:
Water resource systems planning and management, Springer, 417–467, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44234-1_10, 2017.
Luthy, R. G., Sedlak, D. L., Plumlee, M. H., Austin, D., and Resh, V. H.:
Wastewater-effluent-dominated streams as ecosystem-management tools in a
drier climate, Front. Ecol. Environ., 13, 477–485,
https://doi.org/10.1890/150038, 2015.
Ozaki, N., Fukushima, T., Harasawa, H., Kojiri, T., Kawashima, K., and Ono,
M.: Statistical analyses on the effects of air temperature fluctuations on
river water qualities, Hydrol. Process., 17, 2837–2853,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1437, 2003.
Prüss-Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Bartram, J., Clasen, T., Cumming, O.,
Freeman, M. C., Gordon, B., Hunter, P. R., Medlicott, K., and Johnston, R.:
Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene for selected
adverse health outcomes: An updated analysis with a focus on low- and
middle-income countries, Int. J. Hyg. Envir.
Heal., 222, 765–777, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.05.004, 2019.
Reder, K., Flörke, M., and Alcamo, J.: Modeling historical fecal
coliform loadings to large European rivers and resulting in-stream
concentrations, Environ. Model. Softw., 63, 251–263,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.10.001, 2015.
Robinson, T. P., Thornton, P. K., Franceschini, G., Kruska, R., Chiozza, F.,
Notenbaert, A. M. O., Cecchi, G., Herrero, M. T., Epprecht, M., and Fritz,
S.: Global livestock production systems, Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations (FAO) and International Livestock Research Institute
(ILRI), Rome, 152 pp., ISBN 978-92-5-107033-8, 2011.
Sirota, J., Baiser, B., Gotelli, N. J., and Ellison, A. M.: Organic-matter
loading determines regime shifts and alternative states in an aquatic
ecosystem, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 7742–7747,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1221037110, 2013.
Smucker, N. J., Beaulieu, J. J., Nietch, C. T., and Young, J. L.:
Increasingly severe cyanobacterial blooms and deep water hypoxia coincide
with warming water temperatures in reservoirs, Glob. Change Biol., 27,
2507–2519, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15618, 2021.
Stefan, L., Christoph, M., Stephanie, G., Marco, C., Graham, P. W.,
Alessandro, A., Nicolas, B., Hannes Müller, S., Hans, H., Carlo, B., and
Chiara, C.: WFDE5 over land merged with ERA5 over the ocean (W5E5 v2.0), ISIMIP Repository [data set], https://doi.org/10.48364/ISIMIP.342217, 2021.
Sutanudjaja, E. H., van Beek, R., Wanders, N., Wada, Y., Bosmans, J. H. C., Drost, N., van der Ent, R. J., de Graaf, I. E. M., Hoch, J. M., de Jong, K., Karssenberg, D., López López, P., Peßenteiner, S., Schmitz, O., Straatsma, M. W., Vannametee, E., Wisser, D., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: PCR-GLOBWB 2: a 5 arcmin global hydrological and water resources model, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2429–2453, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2429-2018, 2018.
Thomann, R. V. and Mueller, J. A.: Principles of surface water quality
modeling and control, Harper & Row Publishers, ISBN-10 0060466774, 1987.
Thorslund, J. and van Vliet, M. T. H.: A global dataset of surface water and
groundwater salinity measurements from 1980–2019, Sci. Data, 7, 231, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0562-z, 2020.
Thorslund, J., Bierkens, M. F. P., Scaini, A., Sutanudjaja, E. H., and van
Vliet, M. T. H.: Salinity impacts on irrigation water-scarcity in food bowl
regions of the US and Australia, Environ. Res. Lett., 17, 084002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac7df4, 2022.
UNEP: A Snapshot of the World's Water Quality: Towards a global assessment,
United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, 162 pp., 2016.
van Beek, L., Eikelboom, T., van Vliet, M., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: A
physically based model of global freshwater surface temperature, Water
Resour. Res., 48, W09530, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR011819, 2012.
van Puijenbroek, P. J. T. M., Beusen, A. H. W., and Bouwman, A. F.: Global
nitrogen and phosphorus in urban waste water based on the Shared
Socio-economic pathways, J. Environ. Manage., 231, 446–456,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.048, 2019.
van Vliet, M., Franssen, W., Yearsley, J., Ludwig, F., Haddeland, I.,
Lettenmaier, D., and Kabat, P.: Global River Discharge and Water Temperature
under Climate Change, Global Environ. Chang., 23, 450–464, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.002, 2013.
van Vliet, M., Sheffield, J., Wiberg, D., and Wood, E.: Impacts of recent
drought and warm years on water resources and electricity supply worldwide,
Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 124021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124021,
2016.
van Vliet, M. T. H., Yearsley, J., Ludwig, F., Vögele, S., Lettenmaier, D.,
and Kabat, P.: Vulnerability of US and European Electricity Supply to
Climate Change, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 676–681, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1546,
2012a.
van Vliet, M. T. H., Yearsley, J. R., Franssen, W. H. P., Ludwig, F., Haddeland, I., Lettenmaier, D. P., and Kabat, P.: Coupled daily streamflow and water temperature modelling in large river basins, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4303–4321, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4303-2012, 2012b.
van Vliet, M. T. H., Jones, E. R., Flörke, M., Franssen, W. H. P.,
Hanasaki, N., Wada, Y., and Yearsley, J. R.: Global water scarcity including
surface water quality and expansions of clean water technologies,
Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 024020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abbfc3, 2021.
Velasco, J., Gutiérrez-Cánovas, C., Botella-Cruz, M.,
Sánchez-Fernández, D., Arribas, P., Carbonell, J. A., Millán,
A., and Pallarés, S.: Effects of salinity changes on aquatic organisms
in a multiple stressor context, Philos. T. Roy.
Soc. B, 374, 20180011, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0011, 2019.
Vigiak, O., Grizzetti, B., Udias-Moinelo, A., Zanni, M., Dorati, C.,
Bouraoui, F., and Pistocchi, A.: Predicting biochemical oxygen demand in
European freshwater bodies, Sci. Total Environ., 666,
1089–1105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.252,
2019.
Voß, A., Alcamo, J., Bärlund, I., Voß, F., Kynast, E., Williams,
R., and Malve, O.: Continental scale modelling of in-stream river water
quality: a report on methodology, test runs, and scenario application,
Hydrol. Process., 26, 2370–2384, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9445, 2012.
Walton, N. R. G.: Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids – What
is Their Precise Relationship?, Desalination, 72, 275–292, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(89)80012-8, 1989.
Wanders, N. and Wada, Y.: Human and climate impacts on the 21st century
hydrological drought, J. Hydrol., 526, 208–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.047, 2015.
Wanders, N., van Vliet, M. T. H., Wada, Y., Bierkens, M. F. P., and van
Beek, L. P. H.: High-Resolution Global Water Temperature Modeling, Water
Resour. Res., 55, 2760–2778, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023250, 2019.
Weaver, A. and Zwiers, F.: Uncertainty in climate change, Nature, 407,
571–572, https://doi.org/10.1038/35036659, 2000. streptococci and
Escherichia coli in fresh and dry cattle, horse, and sheep manure, Can.
J. Microbiol., 51, 847–851, https://doi.org/10.1139/w05-071, 2005.
Wen, Y., Schoups, G., and van de Giesen, N.: Organic pollution of rivers:
Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate
change, Sci. Rep., 7, 43289, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43289, 2017.
Wilcock, B.: Assessing the Relative Importance of Faecal Pollution Sources
in Rural Catchments, Environment Waikato, Environment Waikato, ISSN: 1172-4005, 2006.
Wright, B., Stanford, B., Reinert, A., Routt, J., Khan, S., and Debroux,
J.-F.: Managing water quality impacts from drought on drinking water
supplies, Aqua, 63, 179, https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2013.123, 2014.
WWAP: The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017, Wastewater:
The Untapped Resource, Paris, UNESCO, ISBN 978-92-3-100201-4, 2017.
Short summary
DynQual is a new high-resolution global water quality model for simulating total dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand and fecal coliform as indicators of salinity, organic pollution and pathogen pollution, respectively. Output data from DynQual can supplement the observational record of water quality data, which is highly fragmented across space and time, and has the potential to inform assessments in a broad range of fields including ecological, human health and water scarcity studies.
DynQual is a new high-resolution global water quality model for simulating total dissolved...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint