Briggs, W., Henson, V., and McCormick, S.: A Multigrid Tutorial, 2nd edn.,
SIAM, ISBN 978-0-898714-62-3, 2000.
a,
b,
c
Brondex, J., Gagliardini, O., Gillet-Chaulet, F., and Durand, G.: Sensitivity
of grounding line dynamics to the choice of the friction law, J.
Glaciol., 63, 854–866,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.51, 2017.
a
Cornford, S. L., Martin, F. D., Graves, D. T., Ranken, D. F., Le Brocq,
A. M., Gladstone, R. M., Payne, A. J., Ng, E. G., and Lipscomb, W. H.:
Adaptive mesh, finite volume modeling of marine ice sheets, J.
Comput. Phys., 232, 529–549,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2012.08.037, 2013.
a,
b,
c
Cornford, S. L., Martin, D. F., Lee, V., Payne, A. J., and Ng, E. G.: Adaptive
mesh refinement versus subgrid friction interpolation in simulations of
Antarctic ice dynamics, Ann. Glaciol., 57, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.13,
2016.
a
Das, S. B., Joughin, I., Behn, M. D., Howat, I. M., King, M. A., Lizarralde,
D., and Bhatia, M. P.: Fracture Propagation to the Base of the Greenland Ice
Sheet During Supraglacial Lake Drainage, Science, 320, 778–781,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1153360, 2008.
a
de Fleurian, B., Werder, M. A., Beyer, S., Brinkerhoff, D. J., Delaney, I.,
Dow, C. F., Downs, J., Gagliardini, O., Hoffman, M. J., Hooke, R. L., Seguinot, J., and Sommers,
A. N.:
SHMIP The subglacial hydrology model intercomparison Project, J. Glaciol., 64, 897–916,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.78, 2018.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i,
j,
k,
l,
m,
n,
o
Dow, C. F., Werder, M. A., Nowicki, S., and Walker, R. T.: Modeling Antarctic subglacial lake filling and drainage cycles, The Cryosphere, 10, 1381–1393,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1381-2016, 2016.
a
Doyle, S. H., Hubbard, B., Christoffersen, P., Young, T. J., Hofstede, C.,
Bougamont, M., Box, J., and Hubbard, A.: Physical conditions of fast glacier
flow: 1. Measurements from boreholes drilled to the bed of Store Glacier,
West Greenland, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 123,
324–348,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004529, 2018.
a
Edwards, T. L., Nowicki, S., Marzeion, B., Hock,
R., Goelzer, H., Seroussi, H., Jourdain, N. C., Slater,
D. A., Turner, F. E., Smith, C. J., McKenna,
C. M., Simon, E., Abe-Ouchi, A., Gregory, J. M., Larour,
E., Lipscomb, W. H., Payne, A. J., Shepherd, A., Agosta,
C., Alexander, P., Albrecht, T., Anderson, B., Asay-Davis,
X., Aschwanden, A., Barthel, A., Bliss, A., Calov,
R., Chambers, C., Champollion, N., Choi, Y., Cullather,
R., Cuzzone, J., Dumas, C., Felikson, D., Fettweis, X., Fujita,
K., Galton-Fenzi, B. K., Gladstone, R., Golledge, N. R., Greve,
R., Hattermann, T., Hoffman, M. J., Humbert, A., Huss, M., Huybrechts,
P., Immerzeel, W., Kleiner, T., Kraaijenbrink, P., Le clec’h, S., Lee,
V., Leguy, G. R., Little, C. M., Lowry, D. P., Malles, J.-H., Martin,
D. F., Maussion, F., Morlighem, M., O'Neill, J. F., Nias, I., Pattyn,
F., Pelle, T., Price, S. F., Quiquet, A., Radić, V., Reese, R., Rounce,
D. R., Rückamp, M., Sakai, A., Shafer, C., Schlegel, N.-J., Shannon,
S., Smith, R. S., Straneo, F., Sun, S., Tarasov, L., Trusel,
L. D., Van Breedam, J., van de Wal, R., van den Broeke, M., Winkelmann,
R., Zekollari, H., Zhao, C., Zhang,
T., and Zwinger, T.:
Projected land ice contributions to twenty-first-century sea level rise,
Nature, 593, 74–82,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03302-y, 2021.
a,
b
Fricker, H. A., Scambos, T., Bindschadler, R., and Padman, L.: An active
subglacial water system in West Antarctica mapped from space, Science, 315,
1544–1548,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1136897, 2007.
a
Gagliardini, O. and Werder, M. A.: Influence of increasing surface melt over
decadal timescales on land-terminating Greenland-type outlet glaciers,
J. Glaciol., 64, 700–710,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59, 2018.
a
Gagliardini, O., Zwinger, T., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Durand, G., Favier, L., de Fleurian, B., Greve, R., Malinen, M., Martín, C., Råback, P., Ruokolainen, J., Sacchettini, M., Schäfer, M., Seddik, H., and Thies, J.: Capabilities and performance of Elmer/Ice, a new-generation ice sheet model, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1299–1318,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1299-2013, 2013.
a
Ganopolski, A., Winkelmann, R., and Schellnhuber, H. J.: Critical
insolation–CO
2 relation for diagnosing past and future glacial inception,
Nature, 529, 200–203,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16494, 2016.
a
Goelzer, H., Robinson, A., Seroussi, H., and Van De Wal, R. S.: Recent progress
in Greenland ice sheet modelling, Current Climate Change Reports, 3,
291–302,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0073-y, 2017.
a
Hewitt, I. J., Schoof, C., and Werder, M. A.: Flotation and free surface flow
in a model for subglacial drainage. Part 2. Channel flow, J. Fluid
Mech., 702, 157–187,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.166, 2012.
a,
b
Kirkham, J. D., Hogan, K. A., Larter, R. D., Arnold, N. S., Nitsche, F. O., Golledge, N. R., and Dowdeswell, J. A.: Past water flow beneath Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 13, 1959–1981,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1959-2019, 2019.
a
Larour, E., Seroussi, H., Morlighem, M., and Rignot, E.: Continental scale,
high order, high spatial resolution, ice sheet modeling using the Ice Sheet
System Model (ISSM), J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 117, F01022,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002140, 2012.
a,
b
Malczyk, G., Gourmelen, N., Goldberg, D., Wuite, J., and Nagler, T.: Repeat
Subglacial Lake Drainage and Filling Beneath Thwaites Glacier, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL089658,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl089658, 2020.
a
Martin, D. F. and Cartwright, K. L.: Solving Poisson's Equation using Adaptive
Mesh Refinement, Tech. Rep. UCB/ERL M96/66, U.C. Berkeley Electronics
Research Laboratory, 1996. a
Martin, D. F., Colella, P., and Graves, D.: A cell-centered adaptive projection
method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in three
dimensions, J. Comput. Phys., 227, 1863–1886,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.09.032, 2008.
a
Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Conners, S., Péan, C., Berger,
S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M., Huang, M., Leitzell, K.,
Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J., Maycock, T., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R.,
and Zhou, B.: IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Tech. rep., PM Cambridge
University Press,
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ (last access: 1 January 2023), 2021.
a,
b
Nienow, P. W., Sole, A. J., Slater, D. A., and Cowton, T. R.: Recent Advances
in Our Understanding of the Role of Meltwater in the Greenland Ice Sheet
System, Current Climate Change Reports, 3, 330–344,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0083-9, 2017.
a
Parkinson, J. R., Martin, D. F., Wells, A. J., and Katz, R. F.: Modelling
binary alloy solidification with adaptive mesh refinement, J.
Comput. Phys., 5, 100043,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpx.2019.100043,
2020.
a
Siegfried, M. R. and Fricker, H. A.: Thirteen years of subglacial lake activity
in Antarctica from multi-mission satellite altimetry, Ann. Glaciol.,
59, 42–55,
https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.36, 2018.
a
Sommers, A., Rajaram, H., and Morlighem, M.: SHAKTI: Subglacial Hydrology and Kinetic, Transient Interactions v1.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2955–2974,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018, 2018.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i,
j,
k,
l,
m,
n,
o,
p,
q
Stearns, L. A., Smith, B. E., and Hamilton, G. S.: Increased flow speed on a
large East Antarctic outlet glacier caused by subglacial floods, Nat.
Geosci., 1, 827–831,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo356, 2008.
a
Tsai, V. C., Stewart, A. L., and Thompson, A. F.: Marine ice-sheet profiles and
stability under Coulomb basal conditions, J. Glaciol., 61,
205–215,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j221, 2015.
a
Tuckett, P. A., Ely, J. C., Sole, A. J., Livingstone, S. J., Davison, B. J.,
van Wessem, J. M., and Howard, J.: Rapid accelerations of Antarctic Peninsula
outlet glaciers driven by surface melt, Nat. Commun., 10, 4311,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12039-2, 2019.
a
Weertman, J.: Catastrophic glacier advances, Tech. rep., Cold Regions Research
and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.),
http://hdl.handle.net/11681/5909 (last access: 1 January 2023), 1962. a
Werder, M., De Fleurian, B., Beyer, S., Brinkerhoff, D. J., Delaney, I. A.,
Dow, C. F., Downs, J., Gagliardini, O., Hoffman, M. J., Hooke, R. L.,
Seguinot, J., and Sommers, A. N.: Subglacial Hydrology Model Intercomparison
Project (SHMIP) Data Submissions, ETH Zürich [data set],
https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000249168, 2018.
a
Werder, M. A., Hewitt, I. J., Schoof, C. G., and Flowers, G. E.: Modeling
channelized and distributed subglacial drainage in two dimensions, J.
Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 118, 2140–2158,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146, 2013.
a,
b
Zimmerman, R. W., Al-Yaarubi, A., Pain, C. C., and Grattoni, C. A.: Non-linear
regimes of fluid flow in rock fractures, Int. J. Rock
Mech. Min., 41, 163–169,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2003.12.045, 2004.
a