Articles | Volume 11, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3045-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3045-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
31 Jul 2018
Model evaluation paper |
| 31 Jul 2018
| 31 Jul 2018
EcH2O-iso 1.0: water isotopes and age tracking in a process-based, distributed ecohydrological model
Sylvain Kuppel
Northern Rivers Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK
Doerthe Tetzlaff
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany
Department of Geography, Humboldt University Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
Northern Rivers Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK
Marco P. Maneta
Geosciences Department, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-1296, USA
Chris Soulsby
Northern Rivers Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK
Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany
Related authors
Vladislav Bastrikov, Natasha MacBean, Cédric Bacour, Diego Santaren, Sylvain Kuppel, and Philippe Peylin
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4739–4754, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4739-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4739-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we compare different methods for optimising parameters of the ORCHIDEE land surface model (LSM) using in situ observations. We use two minimisation methods - local gradient-based and global random search - applied either at each individual site or a group of sites characterised by one plant functional type. We demonstrate the advantages and challenges of different techniques and provide some advice on using it for the LSM parameters optimisation.
Philippe Peylin, Cédric Bacour, Natasha MacBean, Sébastien Leonard, Peter Rayner, Sylvain Kuppel, Ernest Koffi, Abdou Kane, Fabienne Maignan, Frédéric Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, and Pascal Prunet
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3321–3346, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3321-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3321-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The study describes a carbon cycle data assimilation system that uses satellite observations of vegetation activity, net ecosystem exchange of carbon and water at many sites and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, in order to optimize the parameters of the ORCHIDEE land surface model. The optimized model is able to fit all three data streams leading to a land carbon uptake similar to independent estimates, which opens new perspectives for better prediction of the land carbon balance.
S. Kuppel, P. Peylin, F. Maignan, F. Chevallier, G. Kiely, L. Montagnani, and A. Cescatti
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2581–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2581-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2581-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
A consistent calibration of an advanced land surface model was performed by grouping in situ information on land-atmosphere exchanges of carbon and water using broad ecosystem and climate classes. Signatures of improved carbon cycle simulations were found across spatial and temporal scales, along with insights into current model limitations. These results hold promising perspectives within the ongoing efforts towards building robust model-data fusion frameworks for earth system models.
S. Kuppel, F. Chevallier, and P. Peylin
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 45–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-45-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-45-2013, 2013
Maria Magdalena Warter, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Chris Soulsby, Tobias Goldhammer, Daniel Gebler, Kati Vierrikko, and Michael T. Monaghan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3537, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3537, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
There is a lack of understanding of how urban aquatic nature-based solutions affect ecohydrology and how they in turn are affected by urbanization and climate change. We use a multi-tracer approach using stable water isotopes, hydrochemistry and microbial and macrophyte diversity, to disentangle the effects of hydroclimate and urbanization. The results show potential limitations of aquaNBS impacts on water quality and biodiversity in response to hydroclimate and urban water sources.
Maria Magdalena Warter, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Christian Marx, and Chris Soulsby
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3907–3924, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3907-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3907-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Streams are increasingly impacted by droughts and floods. Still, the amount of water needed for sustainable flows remains unclear and contested. A comparison of two streams in the Berlin–Brandenburg region of northeast Germany, using stable water isotopes, shows strong groundwater dependence with seasonal rainfall contributing to high/low flows. Understanding streamflow variability can help us assess the impacts of climate change on future water resource management.
Salim Goudarzi, Chris Soulsby, Jo Smith, Jamie Lee Stevenson, Alessandro Gimona, Scot Ramsay, Alison Hester, Iris Aalto, and Josie Geris
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2258, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Planting trees on farmlands is now considered as one of the potential solutions to climate change. Trees can suck CO2 out of our atmosphere and store it in their trunks and in the soil beneath them. They can promote biodiversity, protect against soil erosion and drought. They can even help reduce flood risk for downstream communities. But we need models that can tell us the likely impact of trees at different locations and scales. Our study provides such a model.
Doerthe Tetzlaff, Aaron Smith, Lukas Kleine, Hauke Daempfling, Jonas Freymueller, and Chris Soulsby
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1543–1554, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1543-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1543-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive set of ecohydrological hydrometric and stable water isotope data of 2 years of data. The data set is unique as the different compartments of the landscape were sampled and the effects of a prolonged drought (2018–2020) captured by a marked negative rainfall anomaly (the most severe regional drought of the 21st century). Thus, the data allow the drought effects on water storage, flux and age dynamics, and persistence of lowland landscapes to be investigated.
Xiaoqiang Yang, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Chris Soulsby, and Dietrich Borchardt
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-239, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-239, 2022
Preprint retracted
Short summary
Short summary
We develop the catchment water quality assessment platform HiWaQ v1.0, which is compatible with multiple hydrological model structures. The nitrogen module (HiWaQ-N) and its coupling tests with two contrasting grid-based hydrological models demonstrate the robustness of the platform in estimating catchment N dynamics. With the unique design of the coupling flexibility, HiWaQ can leverage advancements in hydrological modelling and advance integrated catchment water quantity-quality assessments.
Guangxuan Li, Xi Chen, Zhicai Zhang, Lichun Wang, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5515–5534, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5515-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5515-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a coupled flow–tracer model to understand the effects of passive storage on modeling hydrological function and isotope dynamics in a karst flow system. Models with passive storages show improvement in matching isotope dynamics performance, and the improved performance also strongly depends on the number and location of passive storages. Our results also suggested that the solute transport is primarily controlled by advection and hydrodynamic dispersion in the steep hillslope unit.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Jessica Landgraf, Maren Dubbert, and Chris Soulsby
Biogeosciences, 19, 2465–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2465-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research utilizes high-spatiotemporal-resolution soil and vegetation measurements, including water stable isotopes, within an ecohydrological model to partition water flux dynamics and identify flow paths and durations. Results showed high vegetation water use and high spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation water source and vegetation isotopes. The evaluation of these dynamics further revealed relatively fast flow paths through both shallow soil and vegetation.
Jessica Landgraf, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Maren Dubbert, David Dubbert, Aaron Smith, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2073–2092, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using water stable isotopes, we studied from which water source (lake water, stream water, groundwater, or soil water) two willows were taking their water. We monitored the environmental conditions (e.g. air temperature and soil moisture) and the behaviour of the trees (water flow in the stem). We found that the most likely water sources of the willows were the upper soil layers but that there were seasonal dynamics.
Aaron J. Neill, Christian Birkel, Marco P. Maneta, Doerthe Tetzlaff, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4861–4886, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Structural changes (cover and height of vegetation plus tree canopy characteristics) to forests during regeneration on degraded land affect how water is partitioned between streamflow, groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. Partitioning most strongly deviates from baseline conditions during earlier stages of regeneration with dense forest, while recovery may be possible as the forest matures and opens out. This has consequences for informing sustainable landscape restoration strategies.
Mikael Gillefalk, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Reinhard Hinkelmann, Lena-Marie Kuhlemann, Aaron Smith, Fred Meier, Marco P. Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3635–3652, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a tracer-aided ecohydrological model to quantify water flux–storage–age interactions for three urban vegetation types: trees, shrub and grass. The model results showed that evapotranspiration increased in the order shrub < grass < trees during one growing season. Additionally, we could show how
infiltration hotspotscreated by runoff from sealed onto vegetated surfaces can enhance both evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Lukas Kleine, Marco Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2239–2259, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a tracer-aided ecohydrological model on a mixed land use catchment in northeastern Germany to quantify water flux–storage–age interactions at four model grid resolutions. The model's ability to reproduce spatio-temporal flux–storage–age interactions decreases with increasing model grid sizes. Similarly, larger model grids showed vegetation-influenced changes in blue and green water partitioning. Simulations reveal the value of measured soil and stream isotopes for model calibration.
Jenna R. Snelgrove, James M. Buttle, Matthew J. Kohn, and Dörthe Tetzlaff
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2169–2186, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2169-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2169-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Co-evolution of plant and soil water isotopic composition throughout the growing season in a little-studied northern mixed forest landscape was explored. Marked inter-specific differences in the isotopic composition of xylem water relative to surrounding soil water occurred, despite thin soil cover constraining inter-species differences in rooting depths. We provide potential explanations for differences in temporal evolution of xylem water isotopic composition in this northern landscape.
Lena-Marie Kuhlemann, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Aaron Smith, Birgit Kleinschmit, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 927–943, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied water partitioning under urban grassland, shrub and trees during a warm and dry growing season in Berlin, Germany. Soil evaporation was highest under grass, but total green water fluxes and turnover time of soil water were greater under trees. Lowest evapotranspiration losses under shrub indicate potential higher drought resilience. Knowledge of water partitioning and requirements of urban green will be essential for better adaptive management of urban water and irrigation strategies.
Lukas Kleine, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Aaron Smith, Hailong Wang, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3737–3752, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3737-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3737-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the effects of the 2018 drought on water partitioning in a lowland catchment under grassland and forest in north-eastern Germany. Conditions resulted in drying up of streams, yield losses, and lower groundwater levels. Oak trees continued to transpire during the drought. We used stable isotopes to assess the fluxes and ages of water. Sustainable use of resource water requires such understanding of ecohydrological water partitioning.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Hjalmar Laudon, Marco Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3319–3334, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3319-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3319-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We adapted and used a spatially distributed eco-hydrological model, EcH2O-iso, to temporally evaluate the influence of soil freeze–thaw dynamics on evaporation and transpiration fluxes in a northern Swedish catchment. We used multi-criterion calibration over multiple years and found an early-season influence of soil frost on transpiration water ages. This work provides a framework for quantifying the current and future interactions of soil water, evaporation, and transpiration.
Thea I. Piovano, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Sean K. Carey, Nadine J. Shatilla, Aaron Smith, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2507–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2507-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2507-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We adapted the spatially distributed, tracer-aided model, STARR, to a permafrost-influenced catchment in the Yukon Territory, Canada, with a time-variable implementation of field capacity to capture thaw layer spatio-temporal dynamics. We applied a multi-criteria calibration with multi-year field data. This study demonstrates the value of the integration of isotope data in a spatially distributed model to quantify catchment water storage and age dynamics in a permafrost-influenced environment.
Hongkai Gao, Christian Birkel, Markus Hrachowitz, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Chris Soulsby, and Hubert H. G. Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 787–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-787-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-787-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Supported by large-sample ecological observations, a novel, simple and topography-driven runoff generation module (HSC-MCT) was created. The HSC-MCT is calibration-free, and therefore it can be used to predict in ungauged basins, and has great potential to be generalized at the global scale. Also, it allows us to reproduce the variation of saturation areas, which has great potential to be used for broader hydrological, ecological, climatological, and biogeochemical studies.
Zhicai Zhang, Xi Chen, Qinbo Cheng, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 51–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-51-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-51-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new tracer-aided hydrological model for karst catchments. This model captured the flow and tracer dynamics within each landscape unit quite well, and we could estimate the storage, fluxes and age of water within each. Such tracer-aided models enhance our understanding of the hydrological connectivity between different landscape units and the mixing processes between various flow sources. It is an encouraging step forward in tracer-aided modelling of karst catchments.
Vladislav Bastrikov, Natasha MacBean, Cédric Bacour, Diego Santaren, Sylvain Kuppel, and Philippe Peylin
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4739–4754, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4739-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4739-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we compare different methods for optimising parameters of the ORCHIDEE land surface model (LSM) using in situ observations. We use two minimisation methods - local gradient-based and global random search - applied either at each individual site or a group of sites characterised by one plant functional type. We demonstrate the advantages and challenges of different techniques and provide some advice on using it for the LSM parameters optimisation.
Matthias Sprenger, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Jim Buttle, Hjalmar Laudon, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3965–3981, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3965-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3965-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We estimated water ages in the upper critical zone with a soil physical model (SWIS) and found that the age of water stored in the soil, as well as of water leaving the soil via evaporation, transpiration, or recharge, was younger the higher soil water storage (inverse storage effect). Travel times of transpiration and evaporation were different. We conceptualized the subsurface into fast and slow flow domains and the water was usually half as young in the fast as in the slow flow domain.
Aaron A. Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-57, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-57, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Pertti Ala-aho, Doerthe Tetzlaff, James P. McNamara, Hjalmar Laudon, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5089–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5089-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5089-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We used the Spatially Distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall-Runoff model (STARR) to simulate streamflows, stable water isotope ratios, snowpack dynamics, and water ages in three snow-influenced experimental catchments with exceptionally long and rich datasets. Our simulations reproduced the hydrological observations in all three catchments, suggested contrasting stream water age distributions between catchments, and demonstrated the importance of snow isotope processes in tracer-aided modelling.
Matthias Sprenger, Doerthe Tetzlaff, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3839–3858, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3839-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3839-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We sampled the isotopic composition in the top 20 cm at four different sites in the Scottish Highlands at 5 cm intervals over 1 year. The relationship between the soil water isotopic fractionation and evapotranspiration showed a hysteresis pattern due to a lag response to onset and offset of the evaporative losses. The isotope data revealed that vegetation had a significant influence on the soil evaporation with evaporation being double from soils beneath Scots pine compared to heather.
Philippe Peylin, Cédric Bacour, Natasha MacBean, Sébastien Leonard, Peter Rayner, Sylvain Kuppel, Ernest Koffi, Abdou Kane, Fabienne Maignan, Frédéric Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, and Pascal Prunet
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3321–3346, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3321-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3321-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The study describes a carbon cycle data assimilation system that uses satellite observations of vegetation activity, net ecosystem exchange of carbon and water at many sites and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, in order to optimize the parameters of the ORCHIDEE land surface model. The optimized model is able to fit all three data streams leading to a land carbon uptake similar to independent estimates, which opens new perspectives for better prediction of the land carbon balance.
J. R. Poulsen, E. Sebok, C. Duque, D. Tetzlaff, and P. K. Engesgaard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1871–1886, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1871-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1871-2015, 2015
S. Kuppel, P. Peylin, F. Maignan, F. Chevallier, G. Kiely, L. Montagnani, and A. Cescatti
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2581–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2581-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2581-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
A consistent calibration of an advanced land surface model was performed by grouping in situ information on land-atmosphere exchanges of carbon and water using broad ecosystem and climate classes. Signatures of improved carbon cycle simulations were found across spatial and temporal scales, along with insights into current model limitations. These results hold promising perspectives within the ongoing efforts towards building robust model-data fusion frameworks for earth system models.
M. Hrachowitz, H. Savenije, T. A. Bogaard, D. Tetzlaff, and C. Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 533–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-533-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-533-2013, 2013
S. Kuppel, F. Chevallier, and P. Peylin
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 45–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-45-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-45-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Hydrology
Generalised drought index: a novel multi-scale daily approach for drought assessment
Development and performance of a high-resolution surface wave and storm surge forecast model: application to a large lake
Deep dive into hydrologic simulations at global scale: harnessing the power of deep learning and physics-informed differentiable models (δHBV-globe1.0-hydroDL)
PyEt v1.3.1: a Python package for the estimation of potential evapotranspiration
Prediction of hysteretic matric potential dynamics using artificial intelligence: application of autoencoder neural networks
Regionalization in global hydrological models and its impact on runoff simulations: a case study using WaterGAP3 (v 1.0.0)
SERGHEI v2.0: introducing a performance-portable, high-performance three-dimensional variably-saturated subsurface flow solver (SERGHEI-RE)
STORM v.2: A simple, stochastic rainfall model for exploring the impacts of climate and climate change at and near the land surface in gauged watersheds
Fluvial flood inundation and socio-economic impact model based on open data
RoGeR v3.0.5 – a process-based hydrological toolbox model in Python
Coupling a large-scale glacier and hydrological model (OGGM v1.5.3 and CWatM V1.08) – towards an improved representation of mountain water resources in global assessments
An open-source refactoring of the Canadian Small Lakes Model for estimates of evaporation from medium-sized reservoirs
EvalHyd v0.1.2: a polyglot tool for the evaluation of deterministic and probabilistic streamflow predictions
Modelling water quantity and quality for integrated water cycle management with the Water Systems Integrated Modelling framework (WSIMOD) software
HGS-PDAF (version 1.0): a modular data assimilation framework for an integrated surface and subsurface hydrological model
Wflow_sbm v0.7.3, a spatially distributed hydrological model: from global data to local applications
Reservoir Assessment Tool version 3.0: a scalable and user-friendly software platform to mobilize the global water management community
HydroFATE (v1): a high-resolution contaminant fate model for the global river system
Validation of a new global irrigation scheme in the land surface model ORCHIDEE v2.2
GPEP v1.0: the Geospatial Probabilistic Estimation Package to support Earth science applications
GEMS v1.0: Generalizable Empirical Model of Snow Accumulation and Melt, based on daily snow mass changes in response to climate and topographic drivers
mesas.py v1.0: a flexible Python package for modeling solute transport and transit times using StorAge Selection functions
rSHUD v2.0: advancing the Simulator for Hydrologic Unstructured Domains and unstructured hydrological modeling in the R environment
GLOBGM v1.0: a parallel implementation of a 30 arcsec PCR-GLOBWB-MODFLOW global-scale groundwater model
Development of inter-grid-cell lateral unsaturated and saturated flow model in the E3SM Land Model (v2.0)
The global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2e: description and evaluation of modifications and new features
pyESDv1.0.1: an open-source Python framework for empirical-statistical downscaling of climate information
Representing the impact of Rhizophora mangroves on flow in a hydrodynamic model (COAWST_rh v1.0): the importance of three-dimensional root system structures
Dynamically weighted ensemble of geoscientific models via automated machine-learning-based classification
Enhancing the representation of water management in global hydrological models
NEOPRENE v1.0.1: a Python library for generating spatial rainfall based on the Neyman–Scott process
Uncertainty estimation for a new exponential-filter-based long-term root-zone soil moisture dataset from Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) surface observations
Validating the Nernst–Planck transport model under reaction-driven flow conditions using RetroPy v1.0
DynQual v1.0: a high-resolution global surface water quality model
Data space inversion for efficient uncertainty quantification using an integrated surface and sub-surface hydrologic model
Simulation of crop yield using the global hydrological model H08 (crp.v1)
How is a global sensitivity analysis of a catchment-scale, distributed pesticide transfer model performed? Application to the PESHMELBA model
iHydroSlide3D v1.0: an advanced hydrological–geotechnical model for hydrological simulation and three-dimensional landslide prediction
GEB v0.1: a large-scale agent-based socio-hydrological model – simulating 10 million individual farming households in a fully distributed hydrological model
Tracing and visualisation of contributing water sources in the LISFLOOD-FP model of flood inundation (within CAESAR-Lisflood version 1.9j-WS)
Continental-scale evaluation of a fully distributed coupled land surface and groundwater model, ParFlow-CLM (v3.6.0), over Europe
Evaluating a global soil moisture dataset from a multitask model (GSM3 v1.0) with potential applications for crop threats
SERGHEI (SERGHEI-SWE) v1.0: a performance-portable high-performance parallel-computing shallow-water solver for hydrology and environmental hydraulics
A simple, efficient, mass-conservative approach to solving Richards' equation (openRE, v1.0)
Customized deep learning for precipitation bias correction and downscaling
Implementation and sensitivity analysis of the Dam-Reservoir OPeration model (DROP v1.0) over Spain
Regional coupled surface–subsurface hydrological model fitting based on a spatially distributed minimalist reduction of frequency domain discharge data
Operational water forecast ability of the HRRR-iSnobal combination: an evaluation to adapt into production environments
Prediction of algal blooms via data-driven machine learning models: an evaluation using data from a well-monitored mesotrophic lake
UniFHy v0.1.1: a community modelling framework for the terrestrial water cycle in Python
João António Martins Careto, Rita Margarida Cardoso, Ana Russo, Daniela Catarina André Lima, and Pedro Miguel Matos Soares
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8115–8139, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8115-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8115-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a new daily drought index, the generalised drought index (GDI). The GDI not only identifies the same events as established indices but is also capable of improving their results. The index is empirically based and easy to compute, not requiring fitting the data to a probability distribution. The GDI can detect flash droughts and longer-term events, making it a versatile tool for drought monitoring.
Laura L. Swatridge, Ryan P. Mulligan, Leon Boegman, and Shiliang Shan
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7751–7766, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7751-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7751-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We develop an operational forecast system, Coastlines-LO, that can simulate water levels and surface waves in Lake Ontario driven by forecasts of wind speeds and pressure fields from an atmospheric model. The model has relatively low computational requirements, and results compare well with near-real-time observations, as well as with results from other existing forecast systems. Results show that with shorter forecast lengths, storm surge and wave predictions can improve in accuracy.
Dapeng Feng, Hylke Beck, Jens de Bruijn, Reetik Kumar Sahu, Yusuke Satoh, Yoshihide Wada, Jiangtao Liu, Ming Pan, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7181–7198, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate hydrologic modeling is vital to characterizing water cycle responses to climate change. For the first time at this scale, we use differentiable physics-informed machine learning hydrologic models to simulate rainfall–runoff processes for 3753 basins around the world and compare them with purely data-driven and traditional modeling approaches. This sets a benchmark for hydrologic estimates around the world and builds foundations for improving global hydrologic simulations.
Matevž Vremec, Raoul A. Collenteur, and Steffen Birk
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7083–7103, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7083-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7083-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Geoscientists commonly use various potential evapotranpiration (PET) formulas for environmental studies, which can be prone to errors and sensitive to climate change. PyEt, a tested and open-source Python package, simplifies the application of 20 PET methods for both time series and gridded data, ensuring accurate and consistent PET estimations suitable for a wide range of environmental applications.
Nedal Aqel, Lea Reusser, Stephan Margreth, Andrea Carminati, and Peter Lehmann
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6949–6966, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The soil water potential (SWP) determines various soil water processes. Since remote sensing techniques cannot measure it directly, it is often deduced from volumetric water content (VWC) information. However, under dynamic field conditions, the relationship between SWP and VWC is highly ambiguous due to different factors that cannot be modeled with the classical approach. Applying a deep neural network with an autoencoder enables the prediction of the dynamic SWP.
Jenny Kupzig, Nina Kupzig, and Martina Flörke
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6819–6846, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Valid simulation results from global hydrological models (GHMs) are essential, e.g., to studying climate change impacts. Adapting GHMs to ungauged basins requires regionalization, enabling valid simulations. In this study, we highlight the impact of regionalization of GHMs on runoff simulations using an ensemble of regionalization methods for WaterGAP3. We have found that regionalization leads to temporally and spatially varying uncertainty, potentially reaching up to inter-model differences.
Zhi Li, Gregor Rickert, Na Zheng, Zhibo Zhang, Ilhan Özgen-Xian, and Daniel Caviedes-Voullième
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2588, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2588, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce SERGHEI-RE, a 3D subsurface flow simulator with performance-portable parallel computing capabilities. SERGHEI-RE performs effectively on various computational devices, from personal computers to advanced clusters. It allows users to solve flow equations with multiple numerical schemes, making it adaptable to various hydrological scenarios. Testing results show its accuracy and performance, confirming that SERGHEI-RE is a powerful tool for hydrological research.
Manuel F. Rios Gaona, Katerina Michaelides, and Michael Bliss Singer
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5387–5412, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
STORM v.2 (short for STOchastic Rainfall Model version 2.0) is an open-source and user-friendly modelling framework for simulating rainfall fields over a basin. It also allows simulating the impact of plausible climate change either on the total seasonal rainfall or the storm’s maximum intensity.
Lukas Riedel, Thomas Röösli, Thomas Vogt, and David N. Bresch
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5291–5308, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5291-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5291-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River floods are among the most devastating natural hazards. We propose a flood model with a statistical approach based on openly available data. The model is integrated in a framework for estimating impacts of physical hazards. Although the model only agrees moderately with satellite-detected flood extents, we show that it can be used for forecasting the magnitude of flood events in terms of socio-economic impacts and for comparing these with past events.
Robin Schwemmle, Hannes Leistert, Andreas Steinbrich, and Markus Weiler
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5249–5262, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5249-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5249-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The new process-based hydrological toolbox model, RoGeR (https://roger.readthedocs.io/), can be used to estimate the components of the hydrological cycle and the related travel times of pollutants through parts of the hydrological cycle. These estimations may contribute to effective water resources management. This paper presents the toolbox concept and provides a simple example of providing estimations to water resources management.
Sarah Hanus, Lilian Schuster, Peter Burek, Fabien Maussion, Yoshihide Wada, and Daniel Viviroli
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5123–5144, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a coupling of the large-scale glacier model OGGM and the hydrological model CWatM. Projected future increase in discharge is less strong while future decrease in discharge is stronger when glacier runoff is explicitly included in the large-scale hydrological model. This is because glacier runoff is projected to decrease in nearly all basins. We conclude that an improved glacier representation can prevent underestimating future discharge changes in large river basins.
M. Graham Clark and Sean K. Carey
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4911–4922, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides validation of the Canadian Small Lakes Model (CSLM) for estimating evaporation rates from reservoirs and a refactoring of the original FORTRAN code into MATLAB and Python, which are now stored in GitHub repositories. Here we provide direct observations of the surface energy exchange obtained with an eddy covariance system to validate the CSLM. There was good agreement between observations and estimations except under specific atmospheric conditions when evaporation is low.
Thibault Hallouin, François Bourgin, Charles Perrin, Maria-Helena Ramos, and Vazken Andréassian
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4561–4578, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4561-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4561-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The evaluation of the quality of hydrological model outputs against streamflow observations is widespread in the hydrological literature. In order to improve on the reproducibility of published studies, a new evaluation tool dedicated to hydrological applications is presented. It is open source and usable in a variety of programming languages to make it as accessible as possible to the community. Thus, authors and readers alike can use the same tool to produce and reproduce the results.
Barnaby Dobson, Leyang Liu, and Ana Mijic
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4495–4513, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water management is challenging when models don't capture the entire water cycle. We propose that using integrated models facilitates management and improves understanding. We introduce a software tool designed for this task. We discuss its foundation, how it simulates water system components and their interactions, and its customisation. We provide a flexible way to represent water systems, and we hope it will inspire more research and practical applications for sustainable water management.
Qi Tang, Hugo Delottier, Wolfgang Kurtz, Lars Nerger, Oliver S. Schilling, and Philip Brunner
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3559–3578, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a new data assimilation framework by coupling an integrated hydrological model HydroGeoSphere with the data assimilation software PDAF. Compared to existing hydrological data assimilation systems, the advantage of our newly developed framework lies in its consideration of the physically based model; its large selection of different assimilation algorithms; and its modularity with respect to the combination of different types of observations, states and parameters.
Willem J. van Verseveld, Albrecht H. Weerts, Martijn Visser, Joost Buitink, Ruben O. Imhoff, Hélène Boisgontier, Laurène Bouaziz, Dirk Eilander, Mark Hegnauer, Corine ten Velden, and Bobby Russell
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3199–3234, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the wflow_sbm distributed hydrological model, recently released by Deltares, as part of the Wflow.jl open-source modelling framework in the programming language Julia. Wflow_sbm has a fast runtime, making it suitable for large-scale modelling. Wflow_sbm models can be set a priori for any catchment with the Python tool HydroMT-Wflow based on globally available datasets, which results in satisfactory to good performance (without much tuning). We show this for a number of specific cases.
Sanchit Minocha, Faisal Hossain, Pritam Das, Sarath Suresh, Shahzaib Khan, George Darkwah, Hyongki Lee, Stefano Galelli, Konstantinos Andreadis, and Perry Oddo
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3137–3156, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Reservoir Assessment Tool (RAT) merges satellite data with hydrological models, enabling robust estimation of reservoir parameters like inflow, outflow, surface area, and storage changes around the world. Version 3.0 of RAT lowers the barrier of entry for new users and achieves scalability and computational efficiency. RAT 3.0 also facilitates open-source development of functions for continuous improvement to mobilize and empower the global water management community.
Heloisa Ehalt Macedo, Bernhard Lehner, Jim Nicell, and Günther Grill
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2877–2899, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2877-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2877-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Treated and untreated wastewaters are sources of contaminants of emerging concern. HydroFATE, a new global model, estimates their concentrations in surface waters, identifying streams that are most at risk and guiding monitoring/mitigation efforts to safeguard aquatic ecosystems and human health. Model predictions were validated against field measurements of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, with predicted concentrations exceeding ecological thresholds in more than 400 000 km of rivers worldwide.
Pedro Felipe Arboleda-Obando, Agnès Ducharne, Zun Yin, and Philippe Ciais
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2141–2164, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2141-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2141-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a new irrigation scheme included in the ORCHIDEE land surface model. The new irrigation scheme restrains irrigation due to water shortage, includes water adduction, and represents environmental limits and facilities to access water, due to representing infrastructure in a simple way. Our results show that the new irrigation scheme helps simulate acceptable land surface conditions and fluxes in irrigated areas, even if there are difficulties due to shortcomings and limited information.
Guoqiang Tang, Andrew W. Wood, Andrew J. Newman, Martyn P. Clark, and Simon Michael Papalexiou
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1153–1173, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1153-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1153-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ensemble geophysical datasets are crucial for understanding uncertainties and supporting probabilistic estimation/prediction. However, open-access tools for creating these datasets are limited. We have developed the Python-based Geospatial Probabilistic Estimation Package (GPEP). Through several experiments, we demonstrate GPEP's ability to estimate precipitation, temperature, and snow water equivalent. GPEP will be a useful tool to support uncertainty analysis in Earth science applications.
Atabek Umirbekov, Richard Essery, and Daniel Müller
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 911–929, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a parsimonious snow model which simulates snow mass without the need for extensive calibration. The model is based on a machine learning algorithm that has been trained on diverse set of daily observations of snow accumulation or melt, along with corresponding climate and topography data. We validated the model using in situ data from numerous new locations. The model provides a promising solution for accurate snow mass estimation across regions where in situ data are limited.
Ciaran J. Harman and Esther Xu Fei
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 477–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Over the last 10 years, scientists have developed StorAge Selection: a new way of modeling how material is transported through complex systems. Here, we present some new, easy-to-use, flexible, and very accurate code for implementing this method. We show that, in cases where we know exactly what the answer should be, our code gets the right answer. We also show that our code is closer than some other codes to the right answer in an important way: it conserves mass.
Lele Shu, Paul Ullrich, Xianhong Meng, Christopher Duffy, Hao Chen, and Zhaoguo Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 497–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our team developed rSHUD v2.0, a toolkit that simplifies the use of the SHUD, a model simulating water movement in the environment. We demonstrated its effectiveness in two watersheds, one in the USA and one in China. The toolkit also facilitated the creation of the Global Hydrological Data Cloud, a platform for automatic data processing and model deployment, marking a significant advancement in hydrological research.
Jarno Verkaik, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink, Hai Xiang Lin, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 275–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the parallel PCR-GLOBWB global-scale groundwater model at 30 arcsec resolution (~1 km at the Equator). Named GLOBGM v1.0, this model is a follow-up of the 5 arcmin (~10 km) model, aiming for a higher-resolution simulation of worldwide fresh groundwater reserves under climate change and excessive pumping. For a long transient simulation using a parallel prototype of MODFLOW 6, we show that our implementation is efficient for a relatively low number of processor cores.
Han Qiu, Gautam Bisht, Lingcheng Li, Dalei Hao, and Donghui Xu
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 143–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and validated an inter-grid-cell lateral groundwater flow model for both saturated and unsaturated zone in the ELMv2.0 framework. The developed model was benchmarked against PFLOTRAN, a 3D subsurface flow and transport model and showed comparable performance with PFLOTRAN. The developed model was also applied to the Little Washita experimental watershed. The spatial pattern of simulated groundwater table depth agreed well with the global groundwater table benchmark dataset.
Hannes Müller Schmied, Tim Trautmann, Sebastian Ackermann, Denise Cáceres, Martina Flörke, Helena Gerdener, Ellen Kynast, Thedini Asali Peiris, Leonie Schiebener, Maike Schumacher, and Petra Döll
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-213, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-213, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing water availability and water use at the global scale is challenging but essential for a range of purposes. We describe the newest version of the global hydrological model WaterGAP which has been used for numerous water resources assessments since 1996. We show the effects of new model features and model evaluations against observed streamflow and water storage anomalies as well as water abstractions statistics. The publically available model output for several variants is described.
Daniel Boateng and Sebastian G. Mutz
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6479–6514, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6479-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6479-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an open-source Python framework for performing empirical-statistical downscaling of climate information, such as precipitation. The user-friendly package comprises all the downscaling cycles including data preparation, model selection, training, and evaluation, designed in an efficient and flexible manner, allowing for quick and reproducible downscaling products. The framework would contribute to climate change impact assessments by generating accurate high-resolution climate data.
Masaya Yoshikai, Takashi Nakamura, Eugene C. Herrera, Rempei Suwa, Rene Rollon, Raghab Ray, Keita Furukawa, and Kazuo Nadaoka
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5847–5863, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5847-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5847-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Due to complex root system structures, representing the impacts of Rhizophora mangroves on flow in hydrodynamic models has been challenging. This study presents a new drag and turbulence model that leverages an empirical model for root systems. The model can be applied without rigorous measurements of root structures and showed high performance in flow simulations; this may provide a better understanding of hydrodynamics and related transport processes in Rhizophora mangrove forests.
Hao Chen, Tiejun Wang, Yonggen Zhang, Yun Bai, and Xi Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5685–5701, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Effectively assembling multiple models for approaching a benchmark solution remains a long-standing issue for various geoscience domains. We here propose an automated machine learning-assisted ensemble framework (AutoML-Ens) that attempts to resolve this challenge. Results demonstrate the great potential of AutoML-Ens for improving estimations due to its two unique features, i.e., assigning dynamic weights for candidate models and taking full advantage of AutoML-assisted workflow.
Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu, Fuqiang Tian, Thomas Wild, Mengqi Zhao, Sean Turner, A. F. M. Kamal Chowdhury, Chris R. Vernon, Hongchang Hu, Yuan Zhuang, Mohamad Hejazi, and Hong-Yi Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5449–5472, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5449-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5449-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Most existing global hydrologic models do not explicitly represent hydropower reservoirs. We are introducing a new water management module to Xanthos that distinguishes between the operational characteristics of irrigation, hydropower, and flood control reservoirs. We show that this explicit representation of hydropower reservoirs can lead to a significantly more realistic simulation of reservoir storage and releases in over 44 % of the hydropower reservoirs included in this study.
Javier Diez-Sierra, Salvador Navas, and Manuel del Jesus
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5035–5048, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5035-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5035-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
NEOPRENE is an open-source, freely available library allowing scientists and practitioners to generate synthetic time series and maps of rainfall. These outputs will help to explore plausible events that were never observed in the past but may occur in the near future and to generate possible future events under climate change conditions. The paper shows how to use the library to downscale daily precipitation and how to use synthetic generation to improve our characterization of extreme events.
Adam Pasik, Alexander Gruber, Wolfgang Preimesberger, Domenico De Santis, and Wouter Dorigo
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4957–4976, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4957-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4957-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We apply the exponential filter (EF) method to satellite soil moisture retrievals to estimate the water content in the unobserved root zone globally from 2002–2020. Quality assessment against an independent dataset shows satisfactory results. Error characterization is carried out using the standard uncertainty propagation law and empirically estimated values of EF model structural uncertainty and parameter uncertainty. This is followed by analysis of temporal uncertainty variations.
Po-Wei Huang, Bernd Flemisch, Chao-Zhong Qin, Martin O. Saar, and Anozie Ebigbo
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4767–4791, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4767-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4767-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water in natural environments consists of many ions. Ions are electrically charged and exert electric forces on each other. We discuss whether the electric forces are relevant in describing mixing and reaction processes in natural environments. By comparing our computer simulations to lab experiments in literature, we show that the electric interactions between ions can play an essential role in mixing and reaction processes, in which case they should not be neglected in numerical modeling.
Edward R. Jones, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Niko Wanders, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Ludovicus P. H. van Beek, and Michelle T. H. van Vliet
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4481–4500, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
DynQual is a new high-resolution global water quality model for simulating total dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand and fecal coliform as indicators of salinity, organic pollution and pathogen pollution, respectively. Output data from DynQual can supplement the observational record of water quality data, which is highly fragmented across space and time, and has the potential to inform assessments in a broad range of fields including ecological, human health and water scarcity studies.
Hugo Delottier, John Doherty, and Philip Brunner
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4213–4231, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4213-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Long run times are usually a barrier to the quantification and reduction of predictive uncertainty with complex hydrological models. Data space inversion (DSI) provides an alternative and highly model-run-efficient method for uncertainty quantification. This paper demonstrates DSI's ability to robustly quantify predictive uncertainty and extend the methodology to provide practical metrics that can guide data acquisition and analysis to achieve goals of decision-support modelling.
Zhipin Ai and Naota Hanasaki
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3275–3290, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3275-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3275-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Simultaneously simulating food production and the requirements and availability of water resources in a spatially explicit manner within a single framework remains challenging on a global scale. Here, we successfully enhanced the global hydrological model H08 that considers human water use and management to simulate the yields of four major staple crops: maize, wheat, rice, and soybean. Our improved model will be beneficial for advancing global food–water nexus studies in the future.
Emilie Rouzies, Claire Lauvernet, Bruno Sudret, and Arthur Vidard
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3137–3163, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3137-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3137-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water and pesticide transfer models are complex and should be simplified to be used in decision support. Indeed, these models simulate many spatial processes in interaction, involving a large number of parameters. Sensitivity analysis allows us to select the most influential input parameters, but it has to be adapted to spatial modelling. This study will identify relevant methods that can be transposed to any hydrological and water quality model and improve the fate of pesticide knowledge.
Guoding Chen, Ke Zhang, Sheng Wang, Yi Xia, and Lijun Chao
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2915–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2915-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2915-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we developed a novel modeling system called iHydroSlide3D v1.0 by coupling a modified a 3D landslide model with a distributed hydrology model. The model is able to apply flexibly different simulating resolutions for hydrological and slope stability submodules and gain a high computational efficiency through parallel computation. The test results in the Yuehe River basin, China, show a good predicative capability for cascading flood–landslide events.
Jens A. de Bruijn, Mikhail Smilovic, Peter Burek, Luca Guillaumot, Yoshihide Wada, and Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2437–2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2437-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2437-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a computer simulation model of the hydrological system and human system, which can simulate the behaviour of individual farmers and their interactions with the water system at basin scale to assess how the systems have evolved and are projected to evolve in the future. For example, we can simulate the effect of subsidies provided on investment in adaptation measures and subsequent effects in the hydrological system, such as a lowering of the groundwater table or reservoir level.
Matthew D. Wilson and Thomas J. Coulthard
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2415–2436, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2415-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2415-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During flooding, the sources of water that inundate a location can influence impacts such as pollution. However, methods to trace water sources in flood events are currently only available in complex, computationally expensive hydraulic models. We propose a simplified method which can be added to efficient, reduced-complexity model codes, enabling an improved understanding of flood dynamics and its impacts. We demonstrate its application for three sites at a range of spatial and temporal scales.
Bibi S. Naz, Wendy Sharples, Yueling Ma, Klaus Goergen, and Stefan Kollet
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1617–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is challenging to apply a high-resolution integrated land surface and groundwater model over large spatial scales. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of such a model over a pan-European domain at 3 km resolution and perform an extensive evaluation of simulated water states and fluxes by comparing with in situ and satellite data. This study can serve as a benchmark and baseline for future studies of climate change impact projections and for hydrological forecasting.
Jiangtao Liu, David Hughes, Farshid Rahmani, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1553–1567, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1553-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1553-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Under-monitored regions like Africa need high-quality soil moisture predictions to help with food production, but it is not clear if soil moisture processes are similar enough around the world for data-driven models to maintain accuracy. We present a deep-learning-based soil moisture model that learns from both in situ data and satellite data and performs better than satellite products at the global scale. These results help us apply our model globally while better understanding its limitations.
Daniel Caviedes-Voullième, Mario Morales-Hernández, Matthew R. Norman, and Ilhan Özgen-Xian
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 977–1008, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-977-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-977-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the SERGHEI framework and a solver for shallow-water problems. Such models, often used for surface flow and flood modelling, are computationally intense. In recent years the trends to increase computational power have changed, requiring models to adapt to new hardware and new software paradigms. SERGHEI addresses these challenges, allowing surface flow simulation to be enabled on the newest and upcoming consumer hardware and supercomputers very efficiently.
Andrew M. Ireson, Raymond J. Spiteri, Martyn P. Clark, and Simon A. Mathias
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 659–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-659-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-659-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Richards' equation (RE) is used to describe the movement and storage of water in a soil profile and is a component of many hydrological and earth-system models. Solving RE numerically is challenging due to the non-linearities in the properties. Here, we present a simple but effective and mass-conservative solution to solving RE, which is ideal for teaching/learning purposes but also useful in prototype models that are used to explore alternative process representations.
Fang Wang, Di Tian, and Mark Carroll
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 535–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-535-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-535-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gridded precipitation datasets suffer from biases and coarse resolutions. We developed a customized deep learning (DL) model to bias-correct and downscale gridded precipitation data using radar observations. The results showed that the customized DL model can generate improved precipitation at fine resolutions where regular DL and statistical methods experience challenges. The new model can be used to improve precipitation estimates, especially for capturing extremes at smaller scales.
Malak Sadki, Simon Munier, Aaron Boone, and Sophie Ricci
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 427–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-427-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-427-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting water resource evolution is a key challenge for the coming century.
Anthropogenic impacts on water resources, and particularly the effects of dams and reservoirs on river flows, are still poorly known and generally neglected in global hydrological studies. A parameterized reservoir model is reproduced to compute monthly releases in Spanish anthropized river basins. For global application, an exhaustive sensitivity analysis of the model parameters is performed on flows and volumes.
Nicolas Flipo, Nicolas Gallois, and Jonathan Schuite
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 353–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-353-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-353-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach is proposed to fit hydrological or land surface models, which suffer from large uncertainties in terms of water partitioning between fast runoff and slow infiltration from small watersheds to regional or continental river basins. It is based on the analysis of hydrosystem behavior in the frequency domain, which serves as a basis for estimating water flows in the time domain with a physically based model. It opens the way to significant breakthroughs in hydrological modeling.
Joachim Meyer, John Horel, Patrick Kormos, Andrew Hedrick, Ernesto Trujillo, and S. McKenzie Skiles
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 233–250, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Freshwater resupply from seasonal snow in the mountains is changing. Current water prediction methods from snow rely on historical data excluding the change and can lead to errors. This work presented and evaluated an alternative snow-physics-based approach. The results in a test watershed were promising, and future improvements were identified. Adaptation to current forecast environments would improve resilience to the seasonal snow changes and helps ensure the accuracy of resupply forecasts.
Shuqi Lin, Donald C. Pierson, and Jorrit P. Mesman
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 35–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-35-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-35-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The risks brought by the proliferation of algal blooms motivate the improvement of bloom forecasting tools, but algal blooms are complexly controlled and difficult to predict. Given rapid growth of monitoring data and advances in computation, machine learning offers an alternative prediction methodology. This study tested various machine learning workflows in a dimictic mesotrophic lake and gave promising predictions of the seasonal variations and the timing of algal blooms.
Thibault Hallouin, Richard J. Ellis, Douglas B. Clark, Simon J. Dadson, Andrew G. Hughes, Bryan N. Lawrence, Grenville M. S. Lister, and Jan Polcher
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 9177–9196, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9177-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9177-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new framework for modelling the water cycle in the land system has been implemented. It considers the hydrological cycle as three interconnected components, bringing flexibility in the choice of the physical processes and their spatio-temporal resolutions. It is designed to foster collaborations between land surface, hydrological, and groundwater modelling communities to develop the next-generation of land system models for integration in Earth system models.
Cited articles
Ala-aho, P., Tetzlaff, D., McNamara, J. P., Laudon, H., and Soulsby, C.: Using
isotopes to constrain water flux and age estimates in snow-influenced catchments
using the STARR (Spatially distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall–Runoff) model,
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5089–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5089-2017, 2017. a, b, c, d, e
Albrektson, A.: Sapwood basal area and needle mass of Scots pine (Pinus
sylvestris L.) trees in central Sweden, Forestry, 57, 35–43, 1984. a
Allison, G. B. and Leaney, F. W.: Estimation of isotopic exchange parameters,
using constant-feed pans, J. Hydrol., 55, 151–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(82)90126-3, 1982. a
Barnes, C. J. and Bonell, M.: Application of unit hydrograph techniques to
solute transport in catchments, Hydrol. Process., 10, 793–802, 1996. a
Berry, Z. C., Evaristo, J., Moore, G., Poca, M., Steppe, K., Verrot, L.,
Asbjornsen, H., Borma, L. S., Bretfeld, M., Hervé-Fernández, P.,
Seyfried, M., Schwendenmann, L., Sinacore, K., De Wispelaere, L., and McDonnell,
J.: The two water worlds hypothesis: Addressing multiple working hypotheses and
proposing a way forward, Ecohydrology, 11, e1843, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1843, 2017. a, b
Bertrand, G., Masini, J., Goldscheider, N., Meeks, J., Lavastre, V., Celle-Jeanton,
H., Gobat, J.-M., and Hunkeler, D.: Determination of spatiotemporal variability
of tree water uptake using stable isotopes (δ18O, δ2H)
in an alluvial system supplied by a high-altitude watershed, Pfyn forest,
Switzerland, Ecohydrology, 7, 319–333, 2014. a
Beven, K. and Germann, P.: Macropores and water flow in soils, Water Resour.
Res., 18, 1311–1325, 1982. a
Beven, K. and Germann, P.: Macropores and water flow in soils revisited, Water
Resour. Res., 49, 3071–3092, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20156, 2013. a
Billett, M. F. and Cresser, M. S.: Predicting stream-water quality using
catchment and soil chemical characteristics, Environ. Pollut., 77, 263–268, 1992. a
Birkel, C. and Soulsby, C.: Advancing tracer-aided rainfall–runoff modelling: a
review of progress, problems and unrealised potential, Hydrol. Process., 29,
5227–5240, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10594, 2015. a, b, c
Birkel, C., Tetzlaff, D., Dunn, S. M., and Soulsby, C.: Using time domain and
geographic source tracers to conceptualize streamflow generation processes in
lumped rainfall-runoff models, Water Resour. Res., 47, W02515, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009547, 2011. a, b, c
Birkel, C., Soulsby, C., Tetzlaff, D., Dunn, S., and Spezia, L.: High-frequency
storm event isotope sampling reveals time-variant transit time distributions
and influence of diurnal cycles, Hydrol. Process., 26, 308–316, 2012. a
Birkel, C., Soulsby, C., and Tetzlaff, D.: Developing a consistent process-based
conceptualization of catchment functioning using measurements of internal state
variables, Water Resour. Res., 50, 3481–3501, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014925, 2014. a, b
Bond-Lamberty, B. and Gower, S. T.: Estimation of stand-level leaf area for
boreal bryophytes, Oecologia, 151, 584–592, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0619-5, 2007. a
Botter, G., Bertuzzo, E., and Rinaldo, A.: Transport in the hydrologic response:
Travel time distributions, soil moisture dynamics, and the old water paradox,
Water Resour. Res., 46, W03514, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008371, 2010. a
Braud, I., Bariac, T., Biron, P., and Vauclin, M.: Isotopic composition of bare
soil evaporated water vapor. Part II: Modeling of RUBIC IV experimental results,
J. Hydrol., 369, 17–29, 2009. a
Brooks, J. R., Barnard, H. R., Coulombe, R., and McDonnell, J. J.: Ecohydrologic
separation of water between trees and streams in a Mediterranean climate, Nat.
Geosci., 3, 100–104, 2010. a
Brooks, P. D., Chorover, J., Fan, Y., Godsey, S. E., Maxwell, R. M., McNamara,
J. P., and Tague, C.: Hydrological partitioning in the critical zone: Recent
advances and opportunities for developing transferable understanding of water
cycle dynamics, Water Resour. Res., 51, 6973–6987, 2015. a
Calder, I. R., Hall, R. L., Harding, R. J., and Wright, I. R.: The use of a
wet-surface weighing lysimeter system in rainfall interception studies of
heather (Calluna vulgaris), J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 461–473,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1984)023<0461:TUOAWS>2.0.CO;2, 1984. a
Coenders-Gerrits, A. M. J., Van der Ent, R. J., Bogaard, T. A., Wang-Erlandsson,
L., Hrachowitz, M., and Savenije, H. H. G.: Uncertainties in transpiration
estimates, Nature, 506, E1–E2, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12925, 2014. a
Craig, H., Gordon, L. I., and Horibe, Y.: Isotopic exchange effects in the
evaporation of water: 1. Low-temperature experimental results, J. Geophys. Res.,
68, 5079–5087, 1963. a
Dawson, T. E. and Ehleringer, J. R.: Isotopic enrichment of water in the
“woody” tissues of plants: implications for plant water source, water uptake,
and other studies which use the stable isotopic composition of cellulose,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 57, 3487–3492, 1993. a
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi,
S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P., Beljaars,
A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani, R.,
Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S. B., Hersbach, H., Hólm,
E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P., Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally,
A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Morcrette, J.-J., Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay,
P., Tavolato, C., Thépaut, J.-N., and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis:
configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy.
Meteorol. Soc., 137, 553–597, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828, 2011. a
De Schepper, V. and Steppe, K.: Development and verification of a water and
sugar transport model using measured stem diameter variations, J. Exp. Bot.,
61, 2083–2099, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq018, 2010. a
Dunn, S. M., McDonnell, J. J., and Vaché, K. B.: Factors influencing the
residence time of catchment waters: A virtual experiment approach, Water
Resour. Res., 43, W06408, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005393, 2007. a
Endrizzi, S., Gruber, S., Dall'Amico, M., and Rigon, R.: GEOtop 2.0: simulating
the combined energy and water balance at and below the land surface accounting
for soil freezing, snow cover and terrain effects, Geosci. Model Dev., 7,
2831–2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2831-2014, 2014. a
Falkenmark, M. and Rockström, J.: The New Blue and Green Water
Paradigm: Breaking New Ground for Water Resources Planning and Management, J.
Water Resour. Pl. Manage., 132, 129–132, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:3(129), 2006. a
Fan, Y.: Groundwater in the Earth's critical zone: Relevance to large-scale
patterns and processes, Water Resour. Res., 51, 3052–3069, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017037, 2015. a, b
Farquhar, G. D., Cernusak, L. A., and Barnes, B.: Heavy water fractionation
during transpiration, Plant Physiol., 143, 11–18, 2007. a
Fenicia, F., McDonnell, J. J., and Savenije, H. H.: Learning from model
improvement: On the contribution of complementary data to process understanding,
Water Resour. Res., 44, W06419, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006386, 2008. a
Frei, S., Lischeid, G., and Fleckenstein, J. H.: Effects of micro-topography on
surface–subsurface exchange and runoff generation in a virtual riparian wetland – A
modeling study, Adv. Water Resour., 33, 1388–1401, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2010.07.006, 2010. a
Gat, J. R.: Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the hydrologic cycle, Annu. Rev.
Earth Planet. Sc., 24, 225–262, 1996. a
Gat, J. R. and Levy, Y.: Isotope hydrology of inland sabkhas in the Bardawil
area, Sinai, Limnol. Oceanogr., 23, 841–850, 1978. a
Geris, J., Tetzlaff, D., McDonnell, J. J., and Soulsby, C.: Spatial and temporal
patterns of soil water storage and vegetation water use in humid northern
catchments, Sci. Total Environ., 595, 486–493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.275, 2017. a, b
Gibson, J. J. and Reid, R.: Water balance along a chain of tundra lakes: A
20-year isotopic perspective, J. Hydrol., 519, 2148–2164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.011, 2014. a
Good, S. P., Noone, D., and Bowen, G.: Hydrologic connectivity constrains
partitioning of global terrestrial water fluxes, Science, 349, 175–177,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa5931, 2015. a
Goody, R. M. and Yung, Y. L.: Atmospheric radiation: theoretical basis, Oxford
university Press, Oxford, 1995. a
Haese, B., Werner, M., and Lohmann, G.: Stable water isotopes in the coupled
atmosphere–land surface model ECHAM5-JSBACH, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1463–1480,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1463-2013, 2013. a, b, c
Harman, C. J.: Time-variable transit time distributions and transport: Theory
and application to storage-dependent transport of chloride in a watershed,
Water Resour. Res., 51, 1–30, 2015. a
Harwood, K. G., Gillon, J. S., Roberts, A., and Griffiths, H.: Determinants of
isotopic coupling of CO2 and water vapour within a Quercus petraea forest canopy, Oecologia, 119, 109–119, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050766, 1999. a, b
Haverd, V., Cuntz, M., Griffith, D., Keitel, C., Tadros, C., and Twining, J.:
Measured deuterium in water vapour concentration does not improve the constraint
on the partitioning of evapotranspiration in a tall forest canopy, as estimated
using a soil vegetation atmosphere transfer model, Agr. Forest Meteorol.,
151, 645–654, 2011. a
Heidbüchel, I., Troch, P. A., Lyon, S. W., and Weiler, M.: The master transit
time distribution of variable flow systems, Water Resour. Res., 48, W06520,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011293, 2012. a
Henderson-Sellers, A.: Improving land-surface parameterization schemes using
stable water isotopes: Introducing the `iPILPS' initiative, Global Planet.
Change, 51, 3–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.12.009, 2006. a
Heße, F., Zink, M., Kumar, R., Samaniego, L., and Attinger, S.: Spatially
distributed characterization of soil-moisture dynamics using travel-time
distributions, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 549–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-549-2017, 2017. a
Hölttä, T., Vesala, T., Sevanto, S., Perämäki, M., and Nikinmaa,
E.: Modeling xylem and phloem water flows in trees according to cohesion theory
and Münch hypothesis, Trees, 20, 67–78, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-005-0014-6, 2006. a
Horita, J. and Wesolowski, D. J.: Liquid-vapor fractionation of oxygen and
hydrogen isotopes of water from the freezing to the critical temperature,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 58, 3425–3437, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90096-5, 1994. a
Hrachowitz, M., Savenije, H., Bogaard, T. A., Tetzlaff, D., and Soulsby, C.:
What can flux tracking teach us about water age distribution patterns and their
temporal dynamics?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 533–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-533-2013, 2013. a
Jacob, H. and Sonntag, C.: An 8-year record of the seasonal variation of
2H and 18O in atmospheric water vapour and precipitation at
Heidelberg, Germany, Tellus B, 43, 291–300, 1991. a
Jasechko, S., Sharp, Z. D., Gibson, J. J., Birks, S. J., Yi, Y., and Fawcett,
P. J.: Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration, Nature, 496,
347–350, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11983, 2013. a
Kirchner, J. W.: A double paradox in catchment hydrology and geochemistry,
Hydrol. Process., 17, 871–874, 2003. a
Kirchner, J. W. and Neal, C.: Universal fractal scaling in stream chemistry and
its implications for solute transport and water quality trend detection, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 12213–12218, 2013. a
Kling, H., Fuchs, M., and Paulin, M.: Runoff conditions in the upper Danube
basin under an ensemble of climate change scenarios, J. Hydrol., 424, 264–277, 2012. a
Kool, D., Agam, N., Lazarovitch, N., Heitman, J. L., Sauer, T. J., and Ben-Gal,
A.: A review of approaches for evapotranspiration partitioning, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 184, 56–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.09.003, 2014. a
Krabbenhoft, D. P., Bowser, C. J., Anderson, M. P., and Valley, J. W.: Estimating
groundwater exchange with lakes: 1. The stable isotope mass balance method,
Water Resour. Res., 26, 2445–2453, 1990. a
Kumar, B. and Nachiappan, R. P.: On the sensitivity of Craig and Gordon Model
for the estimation of the isotopic composition of lake evaporates, Water Resour.
Res., 35, 1689–1691, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900011, 1999. a
Kuppel, S.: EcH2O-iso 1.0, Bitbucket, https://bitbucket.org/sylka/ech2o_iso, 2017. a
Kuppel, S., Tetzlaff, D., and Soulsby, C.: Water isotopes at Bruntland Burn
catchment, University of Aberdeen, Isotopes_usedfor_EcH2Oiso(.xlsx),
http://dx.doi.org/10.20392/0a7f3ba2-e6f3-40fd-b504-2eb44b76e515, 2018b. a
Landwehr, J. M. and Coplen, T. B.: Line-conditioned excess: a new method for
characterizing stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in hydrologic systems,
in: International Conference on Isotopes in Environmental Studies, IAEA Vienna, 132–135, 2006. a
Landwehr, J. M., Coplen, T. B., and Stewart, D. W.: Spatial, seasonal, and
source variability in the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of tap
waters throughout the USA, Hydrol. Process., 28, 5382–5422, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10004, 2014. a
Lee, T. J. and Pielke, R. A.: Estimating the soil surface specific humidity,
J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 480–484, 1992. a
Lozano-Parra, J., Maneta, M. P., and Schnabel, S.: Climate and topographic
controls on simulated pasture production in a semiarid Mediterranean watershed
with scattered tree cover, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1439–1456, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1439-2014, 2014. a, b
Mamonov, A. B., Coalson, R. D., Zeidel, M. L., and Mathai, J. C.: Water and
Deuterium Oxide Permeability through Aquaporin 1: MD Predictions and Experimental
Verification, J. General Physiol., 130, 111–116, https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200709810, 2007. a
Manoli, G., Huang, C.-W., Bonetti, S., Domec, J.-C., Marani, M., and Katul, G.:
Competition for light and water in a coupled soil-plant system, Adv. Water Resour.,
108, 216–230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.08.004, 2017. a
Mathieu, R. and Bariac, T.: An Isotopic Study (2H and 18O)
of Water Movements in Clayey Soils Under a Semiarid Climate, Water Resour. Res.,
32, 779–789, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR00074, 1996. a, b, c, d
McGuire, K. J. and McDonnell, J. J.: Tracer advances in catchment hydrology,
Hydrol. Process., 29, 5135–5138, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10740, 2015. a, b
Melayah, A., Bruckler, L., and Bariac, T.: Modeling the Transport of Water
Stable Isotopes in Unsaturated Soils Under Natural Conditions: 1. Theory,
Water Resour. Res., 32, 2047–2054, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR00674, 1996. a, b
Met Office: Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine
Surface Stations Data (1853–current), NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre,
http://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/220a65615218d5c9cc9e4785a3234bd0 (last
access: 24 July 2018), 2017. a
Moors, E., Stricker, J., and van der Abeele, G.: Evapotranspiration of cut over
bog covered by Molinia Caerulea, Tech. Rep. 73, Wageningen Agricultural
University, Wagenigen, 1998. a
Nash, J. and Sutcliffe, J.: River flow forecasting through conceptual models
part I – A discussion of principles, J. Hydrol., 10, 282–290, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6, 1970. a
National Research Council: New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences,
The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., https://doi.org/10.17226/13236, 2012. a
Neal, C., Christophersen, N., Neale, R., Smith, C. J., Whitehead, P. G., and
Reynolds, B.: Chloride in precipitation and streamwater for the upland catchment
of river severn, mid-wales; some consequences for hydrochemical models, Hydrol.
Process., 2, 155–165, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360020206, 1988. a
Niu, J. and Phanikumar, M. S.: Modeling watershed-scale solute transport using
an integrated, process-based hydrologic model with applications to bacterial
fate and transport, J. Hydrol., 529, 35–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.013, 2015. a
O'Driscoll, M. A., DeWalle, D. R., McGuire, K. J., and Gburek, W. J.: Seasonal
18O variations and groundwater recharge for three landscape types in
central Pennsylvania, USA, J. Hydrol., 303, 108–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.08.020, 2005. a
Pfautsch, S., Renard, J., Tjoelker, M. G., and Salih, A.: Phloem as capacitor:
radial transfer of water into xylem of tree stems occurs via symplastic transport
in ray parenchyma, Plant Physiol., 167, 963–971, 2015. a
Pierini, N. A., Vivoni, E. R., Robles-Morua, A., Scott, R. L., and Nearing, M.
A.: Using observations and a distributed hydrologic model to explore runoff
thresholds linked with mesquite encroachment in the Sonoran Desert, Water
Resour. Res., 50, 8191–8215, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015781, 2014. a
Rinaldo, A., Benettin, P., Harman, C. J., Hrachowitz, M., McGuire, K. J.,
Van Der Velde, Y., Bertuzzo, E., and Botter, G.: Storage selection functions:
A coherent framework for quantifying how catchments store and release water and
solutes, Water Resour. Res., 51, 4840–4847, 2015. a
Risi, C., Ogée, J., Bony, S., Bariac, T., Raz-Yaseef, N., Wingate, L.,
Welker, J., Knohl, A., Kurz-Besson, C., Leclerc, M., Zhang, G., Buchmann, N.,
Santrucek, J., Hronkova, M., David, T., Peylin, P., and Guglielmo, F.: The
water isotopic version of the land-surface model ORCHIDEE: Implementation,
evaluation, sensitivity to hydrological parameters, Hydrol. Current Res., 7,
258, https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000258, 2016. a, b
Sayama, T. and McDonnell, J. J.: A new time-space accounting scheme to predict
stream water residence time and hydrograph source components at the watershed
scale, Water Resour. Res., 45, W07401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007549, 2009. a, b
Scheliga, B., Tetzlaff, D., Nuetzmann, G., and Soulsby, C.: Groundwater
isoscapes in a montane headwater catchment show dominance of well-mixed storage,
Hydrol. Process., 31, 3504–3519, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11271, 2017. a, b
Schlesinger, W. H. and Jasechko, S.: Transpiration in the global water cycle,
Agr. Forest Meteorol., 189, 115–117, 2014. a
Schoch-Fischer, H., Rozanski, K., Jacob, H., Sonntag, C., Jouzel, I., Östlund,
G., and Geyh, M. A.: Hydrometeorological factors controlling the time variation
of D, 18O and 3H in atmospheric water vapour and precipitation
in the northern westwind belt, in: Isotope Hydrology, IAEA, Vienna, 3–30, 1983. a
Simeone, C.: Coupled ecohydrology and plant hydraulics model predicts Ponderosa
seedling mortality and lower treeline in the US Northern Rocky Mountains,
MS thesis, University of Montana, Montana, https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11128,
last access: 24 July 2018. a
Skrzypek, G., Mydłlowski, A., Dogramaci, S., Hedley, P., Gibson, J. J., and
Grierson, P. F.: Estimation of evaporative loss based on the stable isotope
composition of water using Hydrocalculator, J. Hydrol., 523, 781–789, 2015. a
Smart, R. P., Soulsby, C., Cresser, M. S., Wade, A. J., Townend, J., Billett,
M. F., and Langan, S.: Riparian zone influence on stream water chemistry at
different spatial scales: a GIS-based modelling approach, an example for the
Dee, NE Scotland, Sci. Total Environ., 280, 173–193, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00824-5, 2001. a
Smith, A. A., Welch, C., and Stadnyk, T.: Assessment of a lumped coupled flow-isotope
model in data scarce Boreal catchments, Hydrol. Process., 30, 3871–3884,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10835, 2016. a
Smith, A. A., Tetzlaff, D., and Soulsby, C.: Using StorAge Selection functions
to quantify ecohydrological controls on the time-variant age of evapotranspiration,
soil water, and recharge, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-57, in review, 2018. a
Soderberg, K., Good, S. P., Wang, L., and Caylor, K.: Stable isotopes of water
vapor in the vadose zone: A review of measurement and modeling techniques,
Vadose Zone J., 11, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2011.0165, 2012. a
Soulsby, C., Tetzlaff, D., Van den Bedem, N., Malcolm, I. A., Bacon, P. J., and
Youngson, A. F.: Inferring groundwater influences on surface water in montane
catchments from hydrochemical surveys of springs and streamwaters, J. Hydrol.,
333, 199–213, 2007. a
Soulsby, C., Bradford, J., Dick, J., McNamara, J. P., Geris, J., Lessels, J.,
Blumstock, M., and Tetzlaff, D.: Using geophysical surveys to test tracer-based
storage estimates in headwater catchments, Hydrol. Process., 30, 4434–4445, 2016. a
Soulsby, C., Braun, H., Sprenger, M., Weiler, M., and Tetzlaff, D.: Influence
of forest and shrub canopies on precipitation partitioning and isotopic
signatures, Hydrol. Process., 31, 4282–4296, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11351, 2017. a
Spence, C. and Woo, M.-K.: Hydrology of subarctic Canadian shield: soil-filled
valleys, J. Hydrol., 279, 151–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00175-6, 2003. a
Sprenger, M., Herbstritt, B., and Weiler, M.: Established methods and new
opportunities for pore water stable isotope analysis, Hydrol. Process.,
29, 5174–5192, 2015. a
Sprenger, M., Tetzlaff, D., Buttle, J., Snelgrove, J., Laudon, H., Mitchell,
C., Weiler, M., and Soulsby, C.: Measuring and modelling stable isotopes of
mobile and bulk soil water, Vadose Zone J., 17, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.08.0149, 2018. a, b, c
Stadnyk, T. A., Delavau, C., Kouwen, N., and Edwards, T. W. D.: Towards
hydrological model calibration and validation: Simulation of stable water
isotopes using the isoWATFLOOD model, Hydrol. Process., 27, 3791–3810, 2013. a
Stanfield, R. C., Hacke, U. G., and Laur, J.: Are phloem sieve tubes leaky
conduits supported by numerous aquaporins?, Am. J. Bot., 104, 719–732,
https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600422, 2017. a
Stumpp, C. and Maloszewski, P.: Quantification of preferential flow and flow
heterogeneities in an unsaturated soil planted with different crops using the
environmental isotope δ18O, J. Hydrol., 394, 407–415,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.014, 2010. a
Stumpp, C., Maloszewski, P., Stichler, W., and Maciejewski, S.: Quantification
of the heterogeneity of the unsaturated zone based on environmental deuterium
observed in lysimeter experiments, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 52, 748–762, https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.52.4.748, 2007. a
Tetzlaff, D., Soulsby, C., Buttle, J., Capell, R., Carey, S. K., Laudon, H.,
McDonnell, J., McGuire, K., Seibert, J., and Shanley, J.: Catchments on the
cusp? Structural and functional change in northern ecohydrology, Hydrol. Process.,
27, 766–774, 2013. a
Troy, T. J., Pavao-Zuckerman, M., and Evans, T. P.: Debates – Perspectives on
socio-hydrology: Socio-hydrologic modeling: Tradeoffs, hypothesis testing, and
validation, Water Resour. Res., 51, 4806–4814, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017046, 2015. a
Uhlenbrook, S. and Sieber, A.: On the value of experimental data to reduce the
prediction uncertainty of a process-oriented catchment model, Environ. Model.
Softw., 20, 19–32, 2005. a
Vargas, A. I., Schaffer, B., Yuhong, L., and Sternberg, L. D. S. L.: Testing
plant use of mobile vs immobile soil water sources using stable isotope
experiments, New Phytol., 215, 582–594, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14616, 2017. a, b, c
Vogel, T., Sanda, M., Dusek, J., Dohnal, M., and Votrubova, J.: Using Oxygen-18
to Study the Role of Preferential Flow in the Formation of Hillslope Runoff,
Vadose Zone J., 9, 252–259, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2009.0066, 2010. a
Wang, H., Tetzlaff, D., Dick, J. J., and Soulsby, C.: Assessing the environmental
controls on Scots pine transpiration and the implications for water partitioning
in a boreal headwater catchment, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 240, 58–66, 2017a. a
Wang, H., Tetzlaff, D., and Soulsby, C.: Testing the maximum entropy production
approach for estimating evapotranspiration from closed canopy shrubland in a
low-energy humid environment, Hydrol. Process., 31, 4613–4621, 2017b. a
Wassenaar, L. I., Hendry, M. J., Chostner, V. L., and Lis, G. P.: High
resolution pore water δ2H and δ18O measurements
by H2O (liquid) – H2O (vapor) equilibration laser
spectroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9262–9267, 2008. a
Wei, Z., Yoshimura, K., Wang, L., Miralles, D. G., Jasechko, S., and Lee, X.:
Revisiting the contribution of transpiration to global terrestrial evapotranspiration,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 2792–2801, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072235, 2017.
a
Weiler, M., McGlynn, B. L., McGuire, K. J., and McDonnell, J. J.: How does
rainfall become runoff? A combined tracer and runoff transfer function approach,
Water Resour. Res., 39, 1315, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002331, 2003. a
Welhan, J. A. and Fritz, P.: Evaporation pan isotopic behavior as an index of
isotopic evaporation conditions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 41, 682–686,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(77)90306-4, 1977. a
Windhorst, D., Kraft, P., Timbe, E., Frede, H.-G., and Breuer, L.: Stable water
isotope tracing through hydrological models for disentangling runoff generation
processes at the hillslope scale, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4113–4127,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4113-2014, 2014. a
Wong, T. E., Nusbaumer, J., and Noone, D. C.: Evaluation of modeled
land–atmosphere exchanges with a comprehensive water isotope fractionation
scheme in version 4 of the Community Land Model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.,
9, 978–1001, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000842, 2017. a, b
Yeh, H.-F., Lee, C.-H., and Hsu, K.-C.: Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for the
characteristics of groundwater recharge: a case study from the Chih-Pen Creek
basin, Taiwan, Environ. Earth Sci., 62, 393–402, 2011. a
Zhang, M., Liu, N., Harper, R., Li, Q., Liu, K., Wei, X., Ning, D., Hou, Y.,
and Liu, S.: A global review on hydrological responses to forest change across
multiple spatial scales: Importance of scale, climate, forest type and
hydrological regime, J. Hydrol., 546, 44–59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.040, 2017. a
Zhao, L., Wang, L., Cernusak, L. A., Liu, X., Xiao, H., Zhou, M., and Zhang,
S.: Significant Difference in Hydrogen Isotope Composition Between Xylem and
Tissue Water in Populus Euphratica, Plant Cell Environ., 39, 1848–1857,
https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12753, 2016. a, b, c
Short summary
This paper presents a novel ecohydrological model in which both the fluxes of water and the relative concentration in stable isotopes (2H and 18O) can be simulated. Spatial heterogeneity, lateral transfers and plant-driven water use are incorporated. A thorough evaluation shows encouraging results using a wide range of in situ measurements from a Scottish catchment. The same modelling principles are then used to simulate how (and where) precipitation ages as water transits in the catchment.
This paper presents a novel ecohydrological model in which both the fluxes of water and the...
