the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
AWI-CM3 coupled climate model: description and evaluation experiments for a prototype post-CMIP6 model
Tido Semmler
Lorenzo Zampieri
Patrick Scholz
Miguel Andrés-Martínez
Nikolay Koldunov
Thomas Rackow
Joakim Kjellsson
Helge Goessling
Marylou Athanase
Qiang Wang
Jan Hegewald
Dmitry V. Sein
Longjiang Mu
Uwe Fladrich
Dirk Barbi
Paul Gierz
Sergey Danilov
Stephan Juricke
Gerrit Lohmann
Thomas Jung
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For 1 century, the hemispheric summer insolation is proposed as a key pacemaker of astronomical climate change. However, an increasing number of geologic records reveal that the low-latitude hydrological cycle shows asynchronous precessional evolutions that are very often out of phase with the summer insolation. Here, we propose that the astronomically driven low-latitude hydrological cycle is not paced by summer insolation but by shifting perihelion.
The East Siberian Sea has nearly 80 % of the subsea permafrost worldwide. The cold layer with a temperature around −1.5 ºC above the seafloor prevents heat transporting from above to melt permafrost and release methane from sediments. However, we observed a warming trend at the seafloor caused by wave-induced vertical mixing in the shelf. The intensified mixing can transport enormous heat downward, leading to warming of more than 3 °C at the bottom, putting the subsea permafrost at high risk.
Our study examines the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a period with higher tidal dissipation. Despite increased tidal mixing, our model simulations show that the AMOC remained relatively shallow, consistent with paleoproxy data and resolving previous inconsistencies between proxy data and model simulations. This research highlights the importance of strong ocean stratification during the LGM and its interaction with tidal mixing.
ocean eddies, which are the largest source of ocean variability and modulate the mixed-layer properties. We find that the mixed-layer depth is better represented in eddy-rich models but, unfortunately, not uniformly across the globe and not in all models.
time-dependentTRACMASS scheme. We would also like to dissuade the use of the more primitive
stepwise-stationaryscheme, since the velocity fields remain stationary for longer periods, creating abrupt discontinuities in the velocity fields and yielding inaccurate solutions.
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FINAM is not a model), a new coupling framework written in Python to dynamically connect independently developed models. Python, as the ultimate glue language, enables the use of codes from nearly any programming language like Fortran, C++, Rust, and others. FINAM is designed to simplify the integration of various models with minimal effort, as demonstrated through various examples ranging from simple to complex systems.
This study introduces a new 3D lake–ice–atmosphere coupled model that significantly improves winter climate simulations for the Great Lakes compared to traditional 1D lake model coupling. The key contribution is the identification of critical hydrodynamic processes – ice transport, heat advection, and shear-driven turbulence production – that influence lake thermal structure and ice cover and explain the superior performance of 3D lake models to their 1D counterparts.