Articles | Volume 11, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4933-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4933-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
06 Dec 2018
Development and technical paper |
| 06 Dec 2018
| 06 Dec 2018
V2Karst V1.1: a parsimonious large-scale integrated vegetation–recharge model to simulate the impact of climate and land cover change in karst regions
Fanny Sarrazin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol,
BS8 1TR, UK
Andreas Hartmann
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol,
BS8 1TR, UK
Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
Francesca Pianosi
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol,
BS8 1TR, UK
Rafael Rosolem
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol,
BS8 1TR, UK
Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UJ, UK
Thorsten Wagener
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol,
BS8 1TR, UK
Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UJ, UK
Related authors
Fanny J. Sarrazin, Sabine Attinger, and Rohini Kumar
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4673–4708, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contamination of water bodies is a long-term issue due to the long history of N and P inputs to the environment and their persistence. Here, we introduce a long-term and high-resolution dataset of N and P inputs from wastewater (point sources) for Germany, combining data from different sources and conceptual understanding. We also account for uncertainties in modelling choices, thus facilitating robust long-term and large-scale water quality studies.
Masooma Batool, Fanny J. Sarrazin, and Rohini Kumar
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-294, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-294, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper presents a reconstruction and analysis of the gridded P surplus in European landscapes from 1850 to 2019 at a 5 arcmin resolution. By utilizing 48 different estimates, we account for uncertainties in major components of the P surplus. Our findings highlight substantial historical changes, with the total P surplus in EU-27 tripling over 170 years. Our dataset enables flexible aggregation at various spatial scales, providing critical insights for land and water management strategies.
Trevor Page, Paul Smith, Keith Beven, Francesca Pianosi, Fanny Sarrazin, Susana Almeida, Liz Holcombe, Jim Freer, Nick Chappell, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2523–2534, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2523-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2523-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This publication provides an introduction to the CREDIBLE Uncertainty Estimation (CURE) toolbox. CURE offers workflows for a variety of uncertainty estimation methods. One of its most important features is the requirement that all of the assumptions on which a workflow analysis depends be defined. This facilitates communication with potential users of an analysis. An audit trail log is produced automatically from a workflow for future reference.
Pia Ebeling, Rohini Kumar, Stefanie R. Lutz, Tam Nguyen, Fanny Sarrazin, Michael Weber, Olaf Büttner, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Musolff
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3715–3741, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental data are critical for understanding and managing ecosystems, including the mitigation of water quality degradation. To increase data availability, we present the first large-sample water quality data set (QUADICA) of riverine macronutrient concentrations combined with water quantity, meteorological, and nutrient forcing data as well as catchment attributes. QUADICA covers 1386 German catchments to facilitate large-sample data-driven and modeling water quality assessments.
Joni Dehaspe, Fanny Sarrazin, Rohini Kumar, Jan H. Fleckenstein, and Andreas Musolff
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6437–6463, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6437-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6437-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Increased nitrate concentrations in surface waters can compromise river ecosystem health. As riverine nitrate uptake is hard to measure, we explore how low-frequency nitrate concentration and discharge observations (that are widely available) can help to identify (in)efficient uptake in river networks. We find that channel geometry and water velocity rather than the biological uptake capacity dominate the nitrate-discharge pattern at the outlet. The former can be used to predict uptake.
Fanny J. Sarrazin, Sabine Attinger, and Rohini Kumar
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4673–4708, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contamination of water bodies is a long-term issue due to the long history of N and P inputs to the environment and their persistence. Here, we introduce a long-term and high-resolution dataset of N and P inputs from wastewater (point sources) for Germany, combining data from different sources and conceptual understanding. We also account for uncertainties in modelling choices, thus facilitating robust long-term and large-scale water quality studies.
Pia Ebeling, Andreas Musolff, Rohini Kumar, Andreas Hartmann, and Jan H. Fleckenstein
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2761, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2761, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater is a crucial resource at risk by droughts. To understand drought effects on groundwater in Germany, we grouped 6626 wells into six regional and two nationwide head patterns. Weather explained half of the head variations with varied response times. Shallow groundwater responds fast and is more vulnerable to short droughts (few months). Dampened deep heads buffer short droughts but suffer from long droughts and recoveries. Two nationwide trend patterns were linked to human water use.
Mariana Gomez, Maximilian Nölscher, Andreas Hartmann, and Stefan Broda
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4407–4425, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4407-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4407-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the impact of external factors on groundwater level modelling using a 1-D convolutional neural network (CNN) model, we train, validate, and tune individual CNN models for 505 wells distributed across Lower Saxony, Germany. We then evaluate the performance of these models against available geospatial and time series features. This study provides new insights into the relationship between these factors and the accuracy of groundwater modelling.
Saskia Salwey, Gemma Coxon, Francesca Pianosi, Rosanna Lane, Chris Hutton, Michael Bliss Singer, Hilary McMillan, and Jim Freer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4203–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4203-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4203-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reservoirs are essential for water resource management and can significantly impact downstream flow. However, representing reservoirs in hydrological models can be challenging, particularly across large scales. We design a new and simple method for simulating river flow downstream of water supply reservoirs using only open-access data. We demonstrate the approach in 264 reservoir catchments across Great Britain, where we can significantly improve the simulation of reservoir-impacted flow.
Masooma Batool, Fanny J. Sarrazin, and Rohini Kumar
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-294, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-294, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper presents a reconstruction and analysis of the gridded P surplus in European landscapes from 1850 to 2019 at a 5 arcmin resolution. By utilizing 48 different estimates, we account for uncertainties in major components of the P surplus. Our findings highlight substantial historical changes, with the total P surplus in EU-27 tripling over 170 years. Our dataset enables flexible aggregation at various spatial scales, providing critical insights for land and water management strategies.
Yongshin Lee, Francesca Pianosi, Andres Peñuela, and Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3261–3279, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Following recent advancements in weather prediction technology, we explored how seasonal weather forecasts (1 or more months ahead) could benefit practical water management in South Korea. Our findings highlight that using seasonal weather forecasts for predicting flow patterns 1 to 3 months ahead is effective, especially during dry years. This suggest that seasonal weather forecasts can be helpful in improving the management of water resources.
Markus Giese, Yvan Caballero, Andreas Hartmann, and Jean-Baptiste Charlier
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2078, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2078, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater recharge and flow processes are difficult to quantify on a larger scale. Therefore, it is difficult to assess groundwater resources, substantially used for fresh water supply, and their changes over time. In karst areas, groundwater drainage networks over large areas are generated due to the soluble rocks. The observation of discharge from springs provides an alternative to estimate changes in groundwater resources over time, which can be connected to changing climatic conditions.
Yongshin Lee, Andres Peñuela, Francesca Pianosi, and Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1985, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the value of Seasonal Flow Forecasts (SFFs) in informing decision-making for drought management in South Korea and introduces a novel method for assessing value benchmarked against historical operations. Our results show the importance of considering flow forecast uncertainty in reservoir operations. But the difference in value between SFFs and Ensemble Streamflow Prediction is negligible. The method for selecting a compromise release schedule is a key control of the value.
Yanchen Zheng, Gemma Coxon, Ross Woods, Daniel Power, Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez, David McJannet, Rafael Rosolem, Jianzhu Li, and Ping Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1999–2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1999-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1999-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalysis soil moisture products are a vital basis for hydrological and environmental research. Previous product evaluation is limited by the scale difference (point and grid scale). This paper adopts cosmic ray neutron sensor observations, a novel technique that provides root-zone soil moisture at field scale. In this paper, global harmonized CRNS observations were used to assess products. ERA5-Land, SMAPL4, CFSv2, CRA40 and GLEAM show better performance than MERRA2, GLDAS-Noah and JRA55.
Dung Trung Vu, Thanh Duc Dang, Francesca Pianosi, and Stefano Galelli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The calibration of hydrological models over extensive spatial domains is often challenged by the lack of data on river discharge and the operations of hydraulic infrastructures. Here, we use satellite data to address the lack of data that could unintentionally bias the calibration process. Our study is underpinned by a computational framework that quantifies this bias and provides a safe approach to the calibration of models in poorly gauged and heavily regulated basins.
Eshrat Fatima, Rohini Kumar, Sabine Attinger, Maren Kaluza, Oldrich Rakovec, Corinna Rebmann, Rafael Rosolem, Sascha Oswald, Luis Samaniego, Steffen Zacharias, and Martin Schrön
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1548, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1548, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study establishes a framework to incorporate cosmic-ray neutron measurements into the mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM). We evaluate different approaches to estimate neutron counts within mHM, using the Desilets equation with uniformly and with non-uniformly weighted average soil moisture, and the physically-based code COSMIC. The data not only improved soil moisture simulations, but also the parameterization of evapotranspiration in the model.
Trevor Page, Paul Smith, Keith Beven, Francesca Pianosi, Fanny Sarrazin, Susana Almeida, Liz Holcombe, Jim Freer, Nick Chappell, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2523–2534, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2523-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2523-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This publication provides an introduction to the CREDIBLE Uncertainty Estimation (CURE) toolbox. CURE offers workflows for a variety of uncertainty estimation methods. One of its most important features is the requirement that all of the assumptions on which a workflow analysis depends be defined. This facilitates communication with potential users of an analysis. An audit trail log is produced automatically from a workflow for future reference.
Heidi Kreibich, Kai Schröter, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Anne F. Van Loon, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu, Svetlana Agafonova, Amir AghaKouchak, Hafzullah Aksoy, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Blanca Aznar, Laila Balkhi, Marlies H. Barendrecht, Sylvain Biancamaria, Liduin Bos-Burgering, Chris Bradley, Yus Budiyono, Wouter Buytaert, Lucinda Capewell, Hayley Carlson, Yonca Cavus, Anaïs Couasnon, Gemma Coxon, Ioannis Daliakopoulos, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Claire Delus, Mathilde Erfurt, Giuseppe Esposito, Didier François, Frédéric Frappart, Jim Freer, Natalia Frolova, Animesh K. Gain, Manolis Grillakis, Jordi Oriol Grima, Diego A. Guzmán, Laurie S. Huning, Monica Ionita, Maxim Kharlamov, Dao Nguyen Khoi, Natalie Kieboom, Maria Kireeva, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Waldo Lavado-Casimiro, Hong-Yi Li, Maria Carmen LLasat, David Macdonald, Johanna Mård, Hannah Mathew-Richards, Andrew McKenzie, Alfonso Mejia, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Marjolein Mens, Shifteh Mobini, Guilherme Samprogna Mohor, Viorica Nagavciuc, Thanh Ngo-Duc, Huynh Thi Thao Nguyen, Pham Thi Thao Nhi, Olga Petrucci, Nguyen Hong Quan, Pere Quintana-Seguí, Saman Razavi, Elena Ridolfi, Jannik Riegel, Md Shibly Sadik, Nivedita Sairam, Elisa Savelli, Alexey Sazonov, Sanjib Sharma, Johanna Sörensen, Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza, Kerstin Stahl, Max Steinhausen, Michael Stoelzle, Wiwiana Szalińska, Qiuhong Tang, Fuqiang Tian, Tamara Tokarczyk, Carolina Tovar, Thi Van Thu Tran, Marjolein H. J. van Huijgevoort, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Thorsten Wagener, Yueling Wang, Doris E. Wendt, Elliot Wickham, Long Yang, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, and Philip J. Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2009–2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management. We present a dataset containing data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The dataset enables comparative analyses and allows detailed context-specific assessments. Additionally, it supports the testing of socio-hydrological models.
Andreas Hartmann, Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier, and Luisa Hopp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1325–1341, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We advance our understanding of including information derived from environmental tracers into hydrological modeling. We present a simple approach that integrates streamflow observations and tracer-derived streamflow contributions for model parameter estimation. We consider multiple observed streamflow components and their variation over time to quantify the impact of their inclusion for streamflow prediction at the catchment scale.
Dagmawi Teklu Asfaw, Michael Bliss Singer, Rafael Rosolem, David MacLeod, Mark Cuthbert, Edisson Quichimbo Miguitama, Manuel F. Rios Gaona, and Katerina Michaelides
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 557–571, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-557-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-557-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
stoPET is a new stochastic potential evapotranspiration (PET) generator for the globe at hourly resolution. Many stochastic weather generators are used to generate stochastic rainfall time series; however, no such model exists for stochastically generating plausible PET time series. As such, stoPET represents a significant methodological advance. stoPET generate many realizations of PET to conduct climate studies related to the water balance, agriculture, water resources, and ecology.
Romane Berthelin, Tunde Olarinoye, Michael Rinderer, Matías Mudarra, Dominic Demand, Mirjam Scheller, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 385–400, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Karstic recharge processes have mainly been explored using discharge analysis despite the high influence of the heterogeneous surface on hydrological processes. In this paper, we introduce an event-based method which allows for recharge estimation from soil moisture measurements. The method was tested at a karst catchment in Germany but can be applied to other karst areas with precipitation and soil moisture data available. It will allow for a better characterization of karst recharge processes.
Rosanna A. Lane, Gemma Coxon, Jim Freer, Jan Seibert, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5535–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study modelled the impact of climate change on river high flows across Great Britain (GB). Generally, results indicated an increase in the magnitude and frequency of high flows along the west coast of GB by 2050–2075. In contrast, average flows decreased across GB. All flow projections contained large uncertainties; the climate projections were the largest source of uncertainty overall but hydrological modelling uncertainties were considerable in some regions.
Tunde Olarinoye, Tom Gleeson, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5431–5447, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of karst spring recession is essential for management of groundwater. In karst, recession is dominated by slow and fast components; separating these components is by manual and subjective approaches. In our study, we tested the applicability of automated streamflow recession extraction procedures for a karst spring. Results showed that, by simple modification, streamflow extraction methods can identify slow and fast components: derived recession parameters are within reasonable ranges.
Yan Liu, Jaime Fernández-Ortega, Matías Mudarra, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5341–5355, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5341-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5341-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We adapt the informal Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) with a gamma distribution to apply it as an informal likelihood function in the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis DREAM(ZS) method. Our adapted approach performs as well as the formal likelihood function for exploring posterior distributions of model parameters. The adapted KGE is superior to the formal likelihood function for calibrations combining multiple observations with different lengths, frequencies and units.
Pia Ebeling, Rohini Kumar, Stefanie R. Lutz, Tam Nguyen, Fanny Sarrazin, Michael Weber, Olaf Büttner, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Musolff
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3715–3741, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental data are critical for understanding and managing ecosystems, including the mitigation of water quality degradation. To increase data availability, we present the first large-sample water quality data set (QUADICA) of riverine macronutrient concentrations combined with water quantity, meteorological, and nutrient forcing data as well as catchment attributes. QUADICA covers 1386 German catchments to facilitate large-sample data-driven and modeling water quality assessments.
Yong Chang, Benjamin Mewes, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-77, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a work to investigate the feasibility of using EC to predict the discharge in a typical karst catchment. We found that the spring discharge can be well predicted by EC in storms using LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model, while the prediction has relatively large uncertainties in small recharge events. To establish a roust LSTM model for long-term discharge prediction from EC in ungauged catchments, the random or fixed-interval discharge monitoring strategy is recommended.
Heye Reemt Bogena, Martin Schrön, Jannis Jakobi, Patrizia Ney, Steffen Zacharias, Mie Andreasen, Roland Baatz, David Boorman, Mustafa Berk Duygu, Miguel Angel Eguibar-Galán, Benjamin Fersch, Till Franke, Josie Geris, María González Sanchis, Yann Kerr, Tobias Korf, Zalalem Mengistu, Arnaud Mialon, Paolo Nasta, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Vassilios Pisinaras, Daniel Rasche, Rafael Rosolem, Hami Said, Paul Schattan, Marek Zreda, Stefan Achleitner, Eduardo Albentosa-Hernández, Zuhal Akyürek, Theresa Blume, Antonio del Campo, Davide Canone, Katya Dimitrova-Petrova, John G. Evans, Stefano Ferraris, Félix Frances, Davide Gisolo, Andreas Güntner, Frank Herrmann, Joost Iwema, Karsten H. Jensen, Harald Kunstmann, Antonio Lidón, Majken Caroline Looms, Sascha Oswald, Andreas Panagopoulos, Amol Patil, Daniel Power, Corinna Rebmann, Nunzio Romano, Lena Scheiffele, Sonia Seneviratne, Georg Weltin, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1125–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of increasingly frequent droughts is a prerequisite for climate adaptation strategies. This data paper presents long-term soil moisture measurements recorded by 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) operated by 24 institutions and distributed across major climate zones in Europe. Data processing followed harmonized protocols and state-of-the-art methods to generate consistent and comparable soil moisture products and to facilitate continental-scale analysis of hydrological extremes.
Joni Dehaspe, Fanny Sarrazin, Rohini Kumar, Jan H. Fleckenstein, and Andreas Musolff
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6437–6463, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6437-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6437-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Increased nitrate concentrations in surface waters can compromise river ecosystem health. As riverine nitrate uptake is hard to measure, we explore how low-frequency nitrate concentration and discharge observations (that are widely available) can help to identify (in)efficient uptake in river networks. We find that channel geometry and water velocity rather than the biological uptake capacity dominate the nitrate-discharge pattern at the outlet. The former can be used to predict uptake.
Shaini Naha, Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez, and Rafael Rosolem
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6339–6357, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6339-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6339-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid growth in population in developing countries leads to an increase in food demand, and as a consequence, percentages of land are being converted to cropland which alters river flow processes. This study describes how the hydrology of a flood-prone river basin in India would respond to the current and future changes in land cover. Our findings indicate that the recurrent flood events occurring in the basin might be influenced by these changes in land cover at the catchment scale.
Tom Gleeson, Thorsten Wagener, Petra Döll, Samuel C. Zipper, Charles West, Yoshihide Wada, Richard Taylor, Bridget Scanlon, Rafael Rosolem, Shams Rahman, Nurudeen Oshinlaja, Reed Maxwell, Min-Hui Lo, Hyungjun Kim, Mary Hill, Andreas Hartmann, Graham Fogg, James S. Famiglietti, Agnès Ducharne, Inge de Graaf, Mark Cuthbert, Laura Condon, Etienne Bresciani, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7545–7571, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7545-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7545-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater is increasingly being included in large-scale (continental to global) land surface and hydrologic simulations. However, it is challenging to evaluate these simulations because groundwater is
hiddenunderground and thus hard to measure. We suggest using multiple complementary strategies to assess the performance of a model (
model evaluation).
Daniel Power, Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez, Sharon Desilets, Darin Desilets, and Rafael Rosolem
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7287–7307, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7287-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7287-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmic-ray neutron sensors estimate root-zone soil moisture at sub-kilometre scales. There are national-scale networks of these sensors across the globe; however, methods for converting neutron signals to soil moisture values are inconsistent. This paper describes our open-source Python tool that processes raw sensor data into soil moisture estimates. The aim is to allow a user to ensure they have a harmonized data set, along with informative metadata, to facilitate both research and teaching.
E. Andrés Quichimbo, Michael Bliss Singer, Katerina Michaelides, Daniel E. J. Hobley, Rafael Rosolem, and Mark O. Cuthbert
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6893–6917, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6893-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6893-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding and quantifying water partitioning in dryland regions are of key importance to anticipate the future impacts of climate change in water resources and dryland ecosystems. Here, we have developed a simple hydrological model (DRYP) that incorporates the key processes of water partitioning in drylands. DRYP is a modular, versatile, and parsimonious model that can be used to anticipate and plan for climatic and anthropogenic changes to water fluxes and storage in dryland regions.
Tesfalem Abraham, Yan Liu, Sirak Tekleab, and Andreas Hartmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-271, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-271, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we demonstrate the use of global data products for the regionalization of model parameters. We combine three steps of uncertainty quantification from the parameter sampling, best parameter sets identification, and spatial cross-validation. Our results show the best validation parameters provide the most robust regionalization results, and the uncertainties from the regionalization in the ungauged catchments are higher than those obtained from simulations in the gauged catchments.
Thorsten Wagener, Dragan Savic, David Butler, Reza Ahmadian, Tom Arnot, Jonathan Dawes, Slobodan Djordjevic, Roger Falconer, Raziyeh Farmani, Debbie Ford, Jan Hofman, Zoran Kapelan, Shunqi Pan, and Ross Woods
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2721–2738, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2721-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2721-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
How can we effectively train PhD candidates both (i) across different knowledge domains in water science and engineering and (ii) in computer science? To address this issue, the Water Informatics in Science and Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training (WISE CDT) offers a postgraduate programme that fosters enhanced levels of innovation and collaboration by training a cohort of engineers and scientists at the boundary of water informatics, science and engineering.
Isaac Kipkemoi, Katerina Michaelides, Rafael Rosolem, and Michael Bliss Singer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-48, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-48, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The work is a novel investigation of the role of temporal rainfall resolution and intensity in affecting the water balance of soil in a dryland environment. This research has implications for what rainfall data are used to assess the impact of climate and climate change on the regional water balance. This information is critical for anticipating the impact of a changing climate on dryland communities globally who need it to know when to plant their seeds or where livestock pasture is available.
Andres Peñuela, Christopher Hutton, and Francesca Pianosi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 6059–6073, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6059-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6059-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we evaluate the potential use of seasonal weather forecasts to improve reservoir operation in a UK water supply system. We found that the use of seasonal forecasts can improve the efficiency of reservoir operation but only if the forecast uncertainty is explicitly considered. We also found the degree of efficiency improvement is strongly affected by the decision maker priorities and the hydrological conditions.
Elisa Bozzolan, Elizabeth Holcombe, Francesca Pianosi, and Thorsten Wagener
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3161–3177, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3161-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3161-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We include informal housing in slope stability analysis, considering different slope properties and precipitation events (including climate change). The dominant failure processes are identified, and their relative role in slope failure is quantified. A new rainfall threshold is assessed for urbanised slopes. Instability
rulesare provided to recognise urbanised slopes most at risk. The methodology is suitable for regions with scarce field measurements and landslide inventories.
Gemma Coxon, Nans Addor, John P. Bloomfield, Jim Freer, Matt Fry, Jamie Hannaford, Nicholas J. K. Howden, Rosanna Lane, Melinda Lewis, Emma L. Robinson, Thorsten Wagener, and Ross Woods
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2459–2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2459-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2459-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first large-sample catchment hydrology dataset for Great Britain. The dataset collates river flows, catchment attributes, and catchment boundaries for 671 catchments across Great Britain. We characterise the topography, climate, streamflow, land cover, soils, hydrogeology, human influence, and discharge uncertainty of each catchment. The dataset is publicly available for the community to use in a wide range of environmental and modelling analyses.
Nicolas Massei, Daniel G. Kingston, David M. Hannah, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Bastien Dieppois, Manuel Fossa, Andreas Hartmann, David A. Lavers, and Benoit Laignel
Proc. IAHS, 383, 141–149, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-141-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-141-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents recent thoughts by members of EURO-FRIEND Water project 3 “Large-scale-variations in hydrological characteristics” about research needed to characterize and understand large-scale hydrology under global changes. Emphasis is put on the necessary efforts to better understand 1 – the impact of low-frequency climate variability on hydrological trends and extremes, 2 – the role of basin properties on modulating the climate signal producing hydrological responses on the basin scale.
Tom Gleeson, Thorsten Wagener, Petra Döll, Samuel C. Zipper, Charles West, Yoshihide Wada, Richard Taylor, Bridget Scanlon, Rafael Rosolem, Shams Rahman, Nurudeen Oshinlaja, Reed Maxwell, Min-Hui Lo, Hyungjun Kim, Mary Hill, Andreas Hartmann, Graham Fogg, James S. Famiglietti, Agnès Ducharne, Inge de Graaf, Mark Cuthbert, Laura Condon, Etienne Bresciani, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-378, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-378, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Shaini Naha, Miguel A. Rico-Ramirez, and Rafael Rosolem
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-220, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-220, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid growth in population in developing countries leads to an increase in food demand and as a consequence, percentages of land are being converted to cropland which alters the river flow processes. Therefore we try to understand the exact role of these changes in modifying the river flows through the prediction of the impacts of these changes in the future by taking a clue from the past. This study concludes that recurrent flood events might be influenced by these changes in future.
Romane Berthelin, Michael Rinderer, Bartolomé Andreo, Andy Baker, Daniela Kilian, Gabriele Leonhardt, Annette Lotz, Kurt Lichtenwoehrer, Matías Mudarra, Ingrid Y. Padilla, Fernando Pantoja Agreda, Rafael Rosolem, Abel Vale, and Andreas Hartmann
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 11–23, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-11-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-11-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the setup of a soil moisture monitoring network, which is implemented at five karstic sites with different climates across the globe. More than 400 soil moisture probes operating at a high spatio-temporal resolution will improve the understanding of groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration processes in karstic areas.
Rosanna A. Lane, Gemma Coxon, Jim E. Freer, Thorsten Wagener, Penny J. Johnes, John P. Bloomfield, Sheila Greene, Christopher J. A. Macleod, and Sim M. Reaney
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4011–4032, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4011-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4011-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated four hydrological model structures and their parameters on over 1100 catchments across Great Britain, considering modelling uncertainties. Models performed well for most catchments but failed in parts of Scotland and south-eastern England. Failures were often linked to inconsistencies in the water balance. This research shows what conceptual lumped models can achieve, gives insights into where and why these models may fail, and provides a benchmark of national modelling capability.
Gemma Coxon, Jim Freer, Rosanna Lane, Toby Dunne, Wouter J. M. Knoben, Nicholas J. K. Howden, Niall Quinn, Thorsten Wagener, and Ross Woods
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2285–2306, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2285-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2285-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
DECIPHeR (Dynamic fluxEs and ConnectIvity for Predictions of Hydrology) is a new modelling framework that can be applied from small catchment to continental scales for complex river basins. This paper describes the modelling framework and its key components and demonstrates the model’s ability to be applied across a large model domain. This work highlights the potential for catchment- to continental-scale predictions of streamflow to support robust environmental management and policy decisions.
Keith J. Beven, Susana Almeida, Willy P. Aspinall, Paul D. Bates, Sarka Blazkova, Edoardo Borgomeo, Jim Freer, Katsuichiro Goda, Jim W. Hall, Jeremy C. Phillips, Michael Simpson, Paul J. Smith, David B. Stephenson, Thorsten Wagener, Matt Watson, and Kate L. Wilkins
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2741–2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2741-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2741-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper discusses how uncertainties resulting from lack of knowledge are considered in a number of different natural hazard areas including floods, landslides and debris flows, dam safety, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic ash clouds and pyroclastic flows, and wind storms. As every analysis is necessarily conditional on the assumptions made about the nature of sources of such uncertainties it is also important to follow the guidelines for good practice suggested in Part 2.
Keith J. Beven, Willy P. Aspinall, Paul D. Bates, Edoardo Borgomeo, Katsuichiro Goda, Jim W. Hall, Trevor Page, Jeremy C. Phillips, Michael Simpson, Paul J. Smith, Thorsten Wagener, and Matt Watson
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2769–2783, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2769-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2769-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Part 1 of this paper discussed the uncertainties arising from gaps in knowledge or limited understanding of the processes involved in different natural hazard areas. These are the epistemic uncertainties that can be difficult to constrain, especially in terms of event or scenario probabilities. A conceptual framework for good practice in dealing with epistemic uncertainties is outlined and implications of applying the principles to natural hazard science are discussed.
Zhao Chen, Andreas Hartmann, Thorsten Wagener, and Nico Goldscheider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3807–3823, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3807-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3807-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates potential impacts of climate change on mountainous karst systems. Our study highlights the fast groundwater dynamics in mountainous karst catchments, which make them highly vulnerable to future changing-climate conditions. Additionally, this work presents a novel holistic modeling approach, which can be transferred to similar karst systems for studying the impact of climate change on local karst water resources.
Simon Brenner, Gemma Coxon, Nicholas J. K. Howden, Jim Freer, and Andreas Hartmann
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 445–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-445-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-445-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we simulate groundwater levels with a semi-distributed karst model. Using a percentile approach we can assess the number of days exceeding or falling below selected groundwater level percentiles. We show that our approach is able to predict groundwater levels across all considered timescales up to the 75th percentile. We then use our approach to assess future changes in groundwater dynamics and show that projected climate changes may lead to generally lower groundwater levels.
Andreas Hartmann, Juan Antonio Barberá, and Bartolomé Andreo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5971–5985, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5971-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5971-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In karst modeling, there is often an imbalance between the complexity of model structures and the data availability for parameterization. We present a new approach to quantify the value of water quality data for improved karst model parameterization. We show that focusing on “informative” time periods, which are time periods with decreased observation uncertainty, allows for further reduction of simulation uncertainty. Our approach is transferable to other sites with limited data availability.
Martin Schrön, Markus Köhli, Lena Scheiffele, Joost Iwema, Heye R. Bogena, Ling Lv, Edoardo Martini, Gabriele Baroni, Rafael Rosolem, Jannis Weimar, Juliane Mai, Matthias Cuntz, Corinna Rebmann, Sascha E. Oswald, Peter Dietrich, Ulrich Schmidt, and Steffen Zacharias
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5009–5030, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5009-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5009-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A field-scale average of near-surface water content can be sensed by cosmic-ray neutron detectors. To interpret, calibrate, and validate the integral signal, it is important to account for its sensitivity to heterogeneous patterns like dry or wet spots. We show how point samples contribute to the neutron signal based on their depth and distance from the detector. This approach robustly improves the sensor performance and data consistency, and even reveals otherwise hidden hydrological features.
Rob Lamb, Willy Aspinall, Henry Odbert, and Thorsten Wagener
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1393–1409, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1393-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1393-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Scour (erosion) during floods can cause bridges to collapse. Modern design and maintenance mitigates the risk, so failures are rare. The residual risk is uncertain, but expert knowledge can help constrain it. We asked 19 experts about scour risk using methods designed to treat judgements alongside other scientific data. The findings identified knowledge gaps about scour processes and suggest wider uncertainty about scour risk than might be inferred from observation, models or experiments alone.
Christa Kelleher, Brian McGlynn, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3325–3352, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3325-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3325-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Models are tools for understanding how watersheds function and may respond to land cover and climate change. Before we can use models towards these purposes, we need to ensure that a model adequately represents watershed-wide observations. In this paper, we propose a new way to evaluate whether model simulations match observations, using a variety of information sources. We show how this information can reduce uncertainty in inputs to models, reducing uncertainty in hydrologic predictions.
Anna Kuentz, Berit Arheimer, Yeshewatesfa Hundecha, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2863–2879, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2863-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2863-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our study aims to explore and understand the physical controls on spatial patterns of pan-European flow signatures by taking advantage of large open datasets. Using tools like correlation analysis, stepwise regressions and different types of catchment classifications, we explore the relationships between catchment descriptors and flow signatures across 35 215 catchments which cover a wide range of pan-European physiographic and anthropogenic characteristics.
Joost Iwema, Rafael Rosolem, Mostaquimur Rahman, Eleanor Blyth, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2843–2861, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2843-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2843-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated whether the simulation of water flux from the land surface to the atmosphere (using the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator model) could be improved by replacing traditional soil moisture sensor data with data from the more novel Cosmic-Ray Neutron soil moisture sensor. Despite observed differences between the two types of soil moisture measurement data, we found no substantial differences in improvement in water flux estimation, based on multiple calibration experiments.
Susana Almeida, Elizabeth Ann Holcombe, Francesca Pianosi, and Thorsten Wagener
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 225–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-225-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-225-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Landslides threaten communities globally, yet predicting their occurrence is challenged by uncertainty about slope properties and climate change. We present an approach to identify the dominant drivers of slope instability and the critical thresholds at which slope failure may occur. This information helps decision makers to target data acquisition to improve landslide predictability, and supports policy development to reduce landslide occurrence and impacts in highly uncertain environments.
Mostaquimur Rahman and Rafael Rosolem
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 459–471, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-459-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-459-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling water flow through chalk (a fine-grained porous medium traversed by fractures) is important for optimizing water resource management practices in the UK. However, efficient simulations of water movement through chalk are difficult due to the porous nature of chalk, creating high-velocity preferential flow paths. This paper describes a novel approach to representing chalk hydrology in land surface modelling for large-scale applications.
Melissa Wood, Renaud Hostache, Jeffrey Neal, Thorsten Wagener, Laura Giustarini, Marco Chini, Giovani Corato, Patrick Matgen, and Paul Bates
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4983–4997, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4983-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4983-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a methodology to calibrate the bankfull channel depth and roughness parameters in a 2-D hydraulic model using an archive of medium-resolution SAR satellite-derived flood extent maps. We used an identifiability methodology to locate the parameters and suggest the SAR images which could be optimally used for model calibration. We found that SAR images acquired around the flood peak provide best calibration potential for the depth parameter, improving when SAR images are combined.
Remko Nijzink, Christopher Hutton, Ilias Pechlivanidis, René Capell, Berit Arheimer, Jim Freer, Dawei Han, Thorsten Wagener, Kevin McGuire, Hubert Savenije, and Markus Hrachowitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4775–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4775-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4775-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The core component of many hydrological systems, the moisture storage capacity available to vegetation, is typically treated as a calibration parameter in hydrological models and often considered to remain constant in time. In this paper we test the potential of a recently introduced method to robustly estimate catchment-scale root-zone storage capacities exclusively based on climate data to reproduce the temporal evolution of root-zone storage under change (deforestation).
Anne F. Van Loon, Kerstin Stahl, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Julian Clark, Sally Rangecroft, Niko Wanders, Tom Gleeson, Albert I. J. M. Van Dijk, Lena M. Tallaksen, Jamie Hannaford, Remko Uijlenhoet, Adriaan J. Teuling, David M. Hannah, Justin Sheffield, Mark Svoboda, Boud Verbeiren, Thorsten Wagener, and Henny A. J. Van Lanen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3631–3650, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3631-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3631-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In the Anthropocene, drought cannot be viewed as a natural hazard independent of people. Drought can be alleviated or made worse by human activities and drought impacts are dependent on a myriad of factors. In this paper, we identify research gaps and suggest a framework that will allow us to adequately analyse and manage drought in the Anthropocene. We need to focus on attribution of drought to different drivers, linking drought to its impacts, and feedbacks between drought and society.
András Bárdossy, Yingchun Huang, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2913–2928, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2913-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2913-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explores the simultaneous calibration method to transfer model parameters from gauged to ungauged catchments. It is hypothesized that the model parameters can be separated into two categories: one reflecting the dynamic behavior and the other representing the long-term water balance. The results of three numerical experiments indicate that a good parameter transfer to ungauged catchments can be achieved through simultaneous calibration of models for a number of catchments.
Susana Almeida, Nataliya Le Vine, Neil McIntyre, Thorsten Wagener, and Wouter Buytaert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 887–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-887-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-887-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The absence of flow data to calibrate hydrologic models may reduce the ability of such models to reliably inform water resources management. To address this limitation, it is common to condition hydrological model parameters on regionalized signatures. In this study, we justify the inclusion of larger sets of signatures in the regionalization procedure if their error correlations are formally accounted for and thus enable a more complete use of all available information.
Yakov A. Pachepsky, Gonzalo Martinez, Feng Pan, Thorsten Wagener, and Thomas Nicholson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-46, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-46, 2016
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological models are frequently evaluated in terms of their accuracy to predict observations. However, we noticed that such approaches could not fully reflect the differences in their ability to represent the patterns of the observations nor the differences between the abstractions assumed in the models. We showed that information theory-based metrics are very useful for that purpose and provide additional criterion to choose the most appropriate models for specific watershed characterisitcs.
A. Hartmann, J. Kobler, M. Kralik, T. Dirnböck, F. Humer, and M. Weiler
Biogeosciences, 13, 159–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-159-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-159-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We consider the time period before and after a wind disturbance in an Austrian karst system. Using a process-based flow and solute transport simulation model we estimate impacts on DIN and DOC. We show that DIN increases for several years, while DOC remains within its pre-disturbance variability. Simulated transit times indicate that impact passes through the hydrological system within some months but with a small fraction exceeding transit times of even a year.
K. J. Beven, S. Almeida, W. P. Aspinall, P. D. Bates, S. Blazkova, E. Borgomeo, K. Goda, J. C. Phillips, M. Simpson, P. J. Smith, D. B. Stephenson, T. Wagener, M. Watson, and K. L. Wilkins
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2015-295, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2015-295, 2016
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties in natural hazard risk assessment are generally dominated by the sources arising from lack of knowledge or understanding of the processes involved. This is Part 2 of 2 papers reviewing these epistemic uncertainties and covers different areas of natural hazards including landslides and debris flows, dam safety, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic ash clouds and pyroclastic flows, and wind storms. It is based on the work of the UK CREDIBLE research consortium.
K. J. Beven, W. P. Aspinall, P. D. Bates, E. Borgomeo, K. Goda, J. W. Hall, T. Page, J. C. Phillips, J. T. Rougier, M. Simpson, D. B. Stephenson, P. J. Smith, T. Wagener, and M. Watson
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-7333-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-7333-2015, 2015
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties in natural hazard risk assessment are generally dominated by the sources arising from lack of knowledge or understanding of the processes involved. This is Part 1 of 2 papers reviewing these epistemic uncertainties that can be difficult to constrain, especially in terms of event or scenario probabilities. It is based on the work of the CREDIBLE research consortium on Risk and Uncertainty in Natural Hazards.
X. Han, X. Li, G. He, P. Kumbhar, C. Montzka, S. Kollet, T. Miyoshi, R. Rosolem, Y. Zhang, H. Vereecken, and H.-J. H. Franssen
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-7395-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-7395-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
DasPy is a ready to use open source parallel multivariate land data assimilation framework with joint state and parameter estimation using Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter. The Community Land Model (4.5) was integrated as model operator. The Community Microwave Emission Modelling platform, COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Interaction Code and the Two-Source Formulation were integrated as observation operators for the multivariate assimilation of soil moisture and soil temperature, respectively.
J. Iwema, R. Rosolem, R. Baatz, T. Wagener, and H. R. Bogena
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3203–3216, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3203-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3203-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The cosmic-ray neutron sensor can provide soil moisture content averages over areas of roughly half a kilometre by half a kilometre. Although this sensor is usually calibrated using soil samples taken on a single day, we found that multiple sampling days are needed. The calibration results were also affected by the soil wetness conditions of the sampling days. The outcome of this study will help researchers to calibrate/validate new cosmic-ray neutron sensor sites more accurately.
P. T. S. Oliveira, E. Wendland, M. A. Nearing, R. L. Scott, R. Rosolem, and H. R. da Rocha
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2899–2910, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2899-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2899-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We determined the main components of the water balance for an undisturbed cerrado.
Evapotranspiration ranged from 1.91 to 2.60mm per day for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Canopy interception ranged from 4 to 20% and stemflow values were approximately 1% of gross precipitation.
The average runoff coefficient was less than 1%, while cerrado deforestation has the potential to increase that amount up to 20-fold.
The water storage may be estimated by the difference between P and ET.
A. Hartmann, T. Gleeson, R. Rosolem, F. Pianosi, Y. Wada, and T. Wagener
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1729–1746, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1729-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1729-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new approach to assess karstic groundwater recharge over Europe and the Mediterranean. Cluster analysis is used to subdivide all karst regions into four typical karst landscapes and to simulate karst recharge with a process-based karst model. We estimate its parameters by a combination of a priori information and observations of soil moisture and evapotranspiration. Independent observations of recharge that present large-scale models significantly under-estimate karstic recharge.
S. Ceola, B. Arheimer, E. Baratti, G. Blöschl, R. Capell, A. Castellarin, J. Freer, D. Han, M. Hrachowitz, Y. Hundecha, C. Hutton, G. Lindström, A. Montanari, R. Nijzink, J. Parajka, E. Toth, A. Viglione, and T. Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2101–2117, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2101-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2101-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present the outcomes of a collaborative hydrological experiment undertaken by five different international research groups in a virtual laboratory. Moving from the definition of accurate protocols, a rainfall-runoff model was independently applied by the research groups, which then engaged in a comparative discussion. The results revealed that sharing protocols and running the experiment within a controlled environment is fundamental for ensuring experiment repeatability and reproducibility.
X. Han, H.-J. H. Franssen, R. Rosolem, R. Jin, X. Li, and H. Vereecken
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 615–629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-615-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-615-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the joint assimilation of cosmic-ray neutron counts and land surface temperature with parameter estimation of leaf area index at an irrigated corn field. The results show that the data assimilation can reduce the systematic input errors due to the lack of irrigation data. The estimations of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and leaf area index can be improved in the joint assimilation framework.
R. Rosolem, T. Hoar, A. Arellano, J. L. Anderson, W. J. Shuttleworth, X. Zeng, and T. E. Franz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4363–4379, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4363-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4363-2014, 2014
U. Ehret, H. V. Gupta, M. Sivapalan, S. V. Weijs, S. J. Schymanski, G. Blöschl, A. N. Gelfan, C. Harman, A. Kleidon, T. A. Bogaard, D. Wang, T. Wagener, U. Scherer, E. Zehe, M. F. P. Bierkens, G. Di Baldassarre, J. Parajka, L. P. H. van Beek, A. van Griensven, M. C. Westhoff, and H. C. Winsemius
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 649–671, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-649-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-649-2014, 2014
J. D. Herman, J. B. Kollat, P. M. Reed, and T. Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 5109–5125, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-5109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-5109-2013, 2013
A. Hartmann, M. Weiler, T. Wagener, J. Lange, M. Kralik, F. Humer, N. Mizyed, A. Rimmer, J. A. Barberá, B. Andreo, C. Butscher, and P. Huggenberger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3305–3321, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3305-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3305-2013, 2013
J. Shuttleworth, R. Rosolem, M. Zreda, and T. Franz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3205–3217, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3205-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3205-2013, 2013
T. E. Franz, M. Zreda, R. Rosolem, and T. P. A. Ferre
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 453–460, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-453-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-453-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Hydrology
Generalised drought index: a novel multi-scale daily approach for drought assessment
Development and performance of a high-resolution surface wave and storm surge forecast model: application to a large lake
Deep dive into hydrologic simulations at global scale: harnessing the power of deep learning and physics-informed differentiable models (δHBV-globe1.0-hydroDL)
PyEt v1.3.1: a Python package for the estimation of potential evapotranspiration
Prediction of hysteretic matric potential dynamics using artificial intelligence: application of autoencoder neural networks
Regionalization in global hydrological models and its impact on runoff simulations: a case study using WaterGAP3 (v 1.0.0)
STORM v.2: A simple, stochastic rainfall model for exploring the impacts of climate and climate change at and near the land surface in gauged watersheds
Fluvial flood inundation and socio-economic impact model based on open data
RoGeR v3.0.5 – a process-based hydrological toolbox model in Python
Coupling a large-scale glacier and hydrological model (OGGM v1.5.3 and CWatM V1.08) – towards an improved representation of mountain water resources in global assessments
An open-source refactoring of the Canadian Small Lakes Model for estimates of evaporation from medium-sized reservoirs
EvalHyd v0.1.2: a polyglot tool for the evaluation of deterministic and probabilistic streamflow predictions
Modelling water quantity and quality for integrated water cycle management with the Water Systems Integrated Modelling framework (WSIMOD) software
HGS-PDAF (version 1.0): a modular data assimilation framework for an integrated surface and subsurface hydrological model
Wflow_sbm v0.7.3, a spatially distributed hydrological model: from global data to local applications
Reservoir Assessment Tool version 3.0: a scalable and user-friendly software platform to mobilize the global water management community
HydroFATE (v1): a high-resolution contaminant fate model for the global river system
Validation of a new global irrigation scheme in the land surface model ORCHIDEE v2.2
GPEP v1.0: the Geospatial Probabilistic Estimation Package to support Earth science applications
GEMS v1.0: Generalizable Empirical Model of Snow Accumulation and Melt, based on daily snow mass changes in response to climate and topographic drivers
mesas.py v1.0: a flexible Python package for modeling solute transport and transit times using StorAge Selection functions
rSHUD v2.0: advancing the Simulator for Hydrologic Unstructured Domains and unstructured hydrological modeling in the R environment
GLOBGM v1.0: a parallel implementation of a 30 arcsec PCR-GLOBWB-MODFLOW global-scale groundwater model
Development of inter-grid-cell lateral unsaturated and saturated flow model in the E3SM Land Model (v2.0)
The global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2e: description and evaluation of modifications and new features
pyESDv1.0.1: an open-source Python framework for empirical-statistical downscaling of climate information
Representing the impact of Rhizophora mangroves on flow in a hydrodynamic model (COAWST_rh v1.0): the importance of three-dimensional root system structures
Dynamically weighted ensemble of geoscientific models via automated machine-learning-based classification
Enhancing the representation of water management in global hydrological models
NEOPRENE v1.0.1: a Python library for generating spatial rainfall based on the Neyman–Scott process
Uncertainty estimation for a new exponential-filter-based long-term root-zone soil moisture dataset from Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) surface observations
Validating the Nernst–Planck transport model under reaction-driven flow conditions using RetroPy v1.0
DynQual v1.0: a high-resolution global surface water quality model
Data space inversion for efficient uncertainty quantification using an integrated surface and sub-surface hydrologic model
Simulation of crop yield using the global hydrological model H08 (crp.v1)
How is a global sensitivity analysis of a catchment-scale, distributed pesticide transfer model performed? Application to the PESHMELBA model
iHydroSlide3D v1.0: an advanced hydrological–geotechnical model for hydrological simulation and three-dimensional landslide prediction
GEB v0.1: a large-scale agent-based socio-hydrological model – simulating 10 million individual farming households in a fully distributed hydrological model
Tracing and visualisation of contributing water sources in the LISFLOOD-FP model of flood inundation (within CAESAR-Lisflood version 1.9j-WS)
Continental-scale evaluation of a fully distributed coupled land surface and groundwater model, ParFlow-CLM (v3.6.0), over Europe
Evaluating a global soil moisture dataset from a multitask model (GSM3 v1.0) with potential applications for crop threats
SERGHEI (SERGHEI-SWE) v1.0: a performance-portable high-performance parallel-computing shallow-water solver for hydrology and environmental hydraulics
A simple, efficient, mass-conservative approach to solving Richards' equation (openRE, v1.0)
Customized deep learning for precipitation bias correction and downscaling
Implementation and sensitivity analysis of the Dam-Reservoir OPeration model (DROP v1.0) over Spain
Regional coupled surface–subsurface hydrological model fitting based on a spatially distributed minimalist reduction of frequency domain discharge data
Operational water forecast ability of the HRRR-iSnobal combination: an evaluation to adapt into production environments
Prediction of algal blooms via data-driven machine learning models: an evaluation using data from a well-monitored mesotrophic lake
UniFHy v0.1.1: a community modelling framework for the terrestrial water cycle in Python
Basin-scale gyres and mesoscale eddies in large lakes: a novel procedure for their detection and characterization, assessed in Lake Geneva
João António Martins Careto, Rita Margarida Cardoso, Ana Russo, Daniela Catarina André Lima, and Pedro Miguel Matos Soares
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8115–8139, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8115-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8115-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a new daily drought index, the generalised drought index (GDI). The GDI not only identifies the same events as established indices but is also capable of improving their results. The index is empirically based and easy to compute, not requiring fitting the data to a probability distribution. The GDI can detect flash droughts and longer-term events, making it a versatile tool for drought monitoring.
Laura L. Swatridge, Ryan P. Mulligan, Leon Boegman, and Shiliang Shan
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7751–7766, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7751-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7751-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We develop an operational forecast system, Coastlines-LO, that can simulate water levels and surface waves in Lake Ontario driven by forecasts of wind speeds and pressure fields from an atmospheric model. The model has relatively low computational requirements, and results compare well with near-real-time observations, as well as with results from other existing forecast systems. Results show that with shorter forecast lengths, storm surge and wave predictions can improve in accuracy.
Dapeng Feng, Hylke Beck, Jens de Bruijn, Reetik Kumar Sahu, Yusuke Satoh, Yoshihide Wada, Jiangtao Liu, Ming Pan, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7181–7198, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate hydrologic modeling is vital to characterizing water cycle responses to climate change. For the first time at this scale, we use differentiable physics-informed machine learning hydrologic models to simulate rainfall–runoff processes for 3753 basins around the world and compare them with purely data-driven and traditional modeling approaches. This sets a benchmark for hydrologic estimates around the world and builds foundations for improving global hydrologic simulations.
Matevž Vremec, Raoul A. Collenteur, and Steffen Birk
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7083–7103, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7083-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7083-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Geoscientists commonly use various potential evapotranpiration (PET) formulas for environmental studies, which can be prone to errors and sensitive to climate change. PyEt, a tested and open-source Python package, simplifies the application of 20 PET methods for both time series and gridded data, ensuring accurate and consistent PET estimations suitable for a wide range of environmental applications.
Nedal Aqel, Lea Reusser, Stephan Margreth, Andrea Carminati, and Peter Lehmann
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6949–6966, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The soil water potential (SWP) determines various soil water processes. Since remote sensing techniques cannot measure it directly, it is often deduced from volumetric water content (VWC) information. However, under dynamic field conditions, the relationship between SWP and VWC is highly ambiguous due to different factors that cannot be modeled with the classical approach. Applying a deep neural network with an autoencoder enables the prediction of the dynamic SWP.
Jenny Kupzig, Nina Kupzig, and Martina Flörke
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6819–6846, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Valid simulation results from global hydrological models (GHMs) are essential, e.g., to studying climate change impacts. Adapting GHMs to ungauged basins requires regionalization, enabling valid simulations. In this study, we highlight the impact of regionalization of GHMs on runoff simulations using an ensemble of regionalization methods for WaterGAP3. We have found that regionalization leads to temporally and spatially varying uncertainty, potentially reaching up to inter-model differences.
Manuel F. Rios Gaona, Katerina Michaelides, and Michael Bliss Singer
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5387–5412, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
STORM v.2 (short for STOchastic Rainfall Model version 2.0) is an open-source and user-friendly modelling framework for simulating rainfall fields over a basin. It also allows simulating the impact of plausible climate change either on the total seasonal rainfall or the storm’s maximum intensity.
Lukas Riedel, Thomas Röösli, Thomas Vogt, and David N. Bresch
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5291–5308, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5291-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5291-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River floods are among the most devastating natural hazards. We propose a flood model with a statistical approach based on openly available data. The model is integrated in a framework for estimating impacts of physical hazards. Although the model only agrees moderately with satellite-detected flood extents, we show that it can be used for forecasting the magnitude of flood events in terms of socio-economic impacts and for comparing these with past events.
Robin Schwemmle, Hannes Leistert, Andreas Steinbrich, and Markus Weiler
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5249–5262, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5249-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5249-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The new process-based hydrological toolbox model, RoGeR (https://roger.readthedocs.io/), can be used to estimate the components of the hydrological cycle and the related travel times of pollutants through parts of the hydrological cycle. These estimations may contribute to effective water resources management. This paper presents the toolbox concept and provides a simple example of providing estimations to water resources management.
Sarah Hanus, Lilian Schuster, Peter Burek, Fabien Maussion, Yoshihide Wada, and Daniel Viviroli
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5123–5144, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a coupling of the large-scale glacier model OGGM and the hydrological model CWatM. Projected future increase in discharge is less strong while future decrease in discharge is stronger when glacier runoff is explicitly included in the large-scale hydrological model. This is because glacier runoff is projected to decrease in nearly all basins. We conclude that an improved glacier representation can prevent underestimating future discharge changes in large river basins.
M. Graham Clark and Sean K. Carey
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4911–4922, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides validation of the Canadian Small Lakes Model (CSLM) for estimating evaporation rates from reservoirs and a refactoring of the original FORTRAN code into MATLAB and Python, which are now stored in GitHub repositories. Here we provide direct observations of the surface energy exchange obtained with an eddy covariance system to validate the CSLM. There was good agreement between observations and estimations except under specific atmospheric conditions when evaporation is low.
Thibault Hallouin, François Bourgin, Charles Perrin, Maria-Helena Ramos, and Vazken Andréassian
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4561–4578, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4561-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4561-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The evaluation of the quality of hydrological model outputs against streamflow observations is widespread in the hydrological literature. In order to improve on the reproducibility of published studies, a new evaluation tool dedicated to hydrological applications is presented. It is open source and usable in a variety of programming languages to make it as accessible as possible to the community. Thus, authors and readers alike can use the same tool to produce and reproduce the results.
Barnaby Dobson, Leyang Liu, and Ana Mijic
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4495–4513, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water management is challenging when models don't capture the entire water cycle. We propose that using integrated models facilitates management and improves understanding. We introduce a software tool designed for this task. We discuss its foundation, how it simulates water system components and their interactions, and its customisation. We provide a flexible way to represent water systems, and we hope it will inspire more research and practical applications for sustainable water management.
Qi Tang, Hugo Delottier, Wolfgang Kurtz, Lars Nerger, Oliver S. Schilling, and Philip Brunner
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3559–3578, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a new data assimilation framework by coupling an integrated hydrological model HydroGeoSphere with the data assimilation software PDAF. Compared to existing hydrological data assimilation systems, the advantage of our newly developed framework lies in its consideration of the physically based model; its large selection of different assimilation algorithms; and its modularity with respect to the combination of different types of observations, states and parameters.
Willem J. van Verseveld, Albrecht H. Weerts, Martijn Visser, Joost Buitink, Ruben O. Imhoff, Hélène Boisgontier, Laurène Bouaziz, Dirk Eilander, Mark Hegnauer, Corine ten Velden, and Bobby Russell
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3199–3234, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the wflow_sbm distributed hydrological model, recently released by Deltares, as part of the Wflow.jl open-source modelling framework in the programming language Julia. Wflow_sbm has a fast runtime, making it suitable for large-scale modelling. Wflow_sbm models can be set a priori for any catchment with the Python tool HydroMT-Wflow based on globally available datasets, which results in satisfactory to good performance (without much tuning). We show this for a number of specific cases.
Sanchit Minocha, Faisal Hossain, Pritam Das, Sarath Suresh, Shahzaib Khan, George Darkwah, Hyongki Lee, Stefano Galelli, Konstantinos Andreadis, and Perry Oddo
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3137–3156, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Reservoir Assessment Tool (RAT) merges satellite data with hydrological models, enabling robust estimation of reservoir parameters like inflow, outflow, surface area, and storage changes around the world. Version 3.0 of RAT lowers the barrier of entry for new users and achieves scalability and computational efficiency. RAT 3.0 also facilitates open-source development of functions for continuous improvement to mobilize and empower the global water management community.
Heloisa Ehalt Macedo, Bernhard Lehner, Jim Nicell, and Günther Grill
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2877–2899, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2877-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2877-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Treated and untreated wastewaters are sources of contaminants of emerging concern. HydroFATE, a new global model, estimates their concentrations in surface waters, identifying streams that are most at risk and guiding monitoring/mitigation efforts to safeguard aquatic ecosystems and human health. Model predictions were validated against field measurements of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, with predicted concentrations exceeding ecological thresholds in more than 400 000 km of rivers worldwide.
Pedro Felipe Arboleda-Obando, Agnès Ducharne, Zun Yin, and Philippe Ciais
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2141–2164, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2141-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2141-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a new irrigation scheme included in the ORCHIDEE land surface model. The new irrigation scheme restrains irrigation due to water shortage, includes water adduction, and represents environmental limits and facilities to access water, due to representing infrastructure in a simple way. Our results show that the new irrigation scheme helps simulate acceptable land surface conditions and fluxes in irrigated areas, even if there are difficulties due to shortcomings and limited information.
Guoqiang Tang, Andrew W. Wood, Andrew J. Newman, Martyn P. Clark, and Simon Michael Papalexiou
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1153–1173, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1153-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1153-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ensemble geophysical datasets are crucial for understanding uncertainties and supporting probabilistic estimation/prediction. However, open-access tools for creating these datasets are limited. We have developed the Python-based Geospatial Probabilistic Estimation Package (GPEP). Through several experiments, we demonstrate GPEP's ability to estimate precipitation, temperature, and snow water equivalent. GPEP will be a useful tool to support uncertainty analysis in Earth science applications.
Atabek Umirbekov, Richard Essery, and Daniel Müller
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 911–929, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a parsimonious snow model which simulates snow mass without the need for extensive calibration. The model is based on a machine learning algorithm that has been trained on diverse set of daily observations of snow accumulation or melt, along with corresponding climate and topography data. We validated the model using in situ data from numerous new locations. The model provides a promising solution for accurate snow mass estimation across regions where in situ data are limited.
Ciaran J. Harman and Esther Xu Fei
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 477–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Over the last 10 years, scientists have developed StorAge Selection: a new way of modeling how material is transported through complex systems. Here, we present some new, easy-to-use, flexible, and very accurate code for implementing this method. We show that, in cases where we know exactly what the answer should be, our code gets the right answer. We also show that our code is closer than some other codes to the right answer in an important way: it conserves mass.
Lele Shu, Paul Ullrich, Xianhong Meng, Christopher Duffy, Hao Chen, and Zhaoguo Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 497–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our team developed rSHUD v2.0, a toolkit that simplifies the use of the SHUD, a model simulating water movement in the environment. We demonstrated its effectiveness in two watersheds, one in the USA and one in China. The toolkit also facilitated the creation of the Global Hydrological Data Cloud, a platform for automatic data processing and model deployment, marking a significant advancement in hydrological research.
Jarno Verkaik, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink, Hai Xiang Lin, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 275–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the parallel PCR-GLOBWB global-scale groundwater model at 30 arcsec resolution (~1 km at the Equator). Named GLOBGM v1.0, this model is a follow-up of the 5 arcmin (~10 km) model, aiming for a higher-resolution simulation of worldwide fresh groundwater reserves under climate change and excessive pumping. For a long transient simulation using a parallel prototype of MODFLOW 6, we show that our implementation is efficient for a relatively low number of processor cores.
Han Qiu, Gautam Bisht, Lingcheng Li, Dalei Hao, and Donghui Xu
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 143–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and validated an inter-grid-cell lateral groundwater flow model for both saturated and unsaturated zone in the ELMv2.0 framework. The developed model was benchmarked against PFLOTRAN, a 3D subsurface flow and transport model and showed comparable performance with PFLOTRAN. The developed model was also applied to the Little Washita experimental watershed. The spatial pattern of simulated groundwater table depth agreed well with the global groundwater table benchmark dataset.
Hannes Müller Schmied, Tim Trautmann, Sebastian Ackermann, Denise Cáceres, Martina Flörke, Helena Gerdener, Ellen Kynast, Thedini Asali Peiris, Leonie Schiebener, Maike Schumacher, and Petra Döll
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-213, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-213, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing water availability and water use at the global scale is challenging but essential for a range of purposes. We describe the newest version of the global hydrological model WaterGAP which has been used for numerous water resources assessments since 1996. We show the effects of new model features and model evaluations against observed streamflow and water storage anomalies as well as water abstractions statistics. The publically available model output for several variants is described.
Daniel Boateng and Sebastian G. Mutz
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6479–6514, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6479-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6479-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an open-source Python framework for performing empirical-statistical downscaling of climate information, such as precipitation. The user-friendly package comprises all the downscaling cycles including data preparation, model selection, training, and evaluation, designed in an efficient and flexible manner, allowing for quick and reproducible downscaling products. The framework would contribute to climate change impact assessments by generating accurate high-resolution climate data.
Masaya Yoshikai, Takashi Nakamura, Eugene C. Herrera, Rempei Suwa, Rene Rollon, Raghab Ray, Keita Furukawa, and Kazuo Nadaoka
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5847–5863, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5847-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5847-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Due to complex root system structures, representing the impacts of Rhizophora mangroves on flow in hydrodynamic models has been challenging. This study presents a new drag and turbulence model that leverages an empirical model for root systems. The model can be applied without rigorous measurements of root structures and showed high performance in flow simulations; this may provide a better understanding of hydrodynamics and related transport processes in Rhizophora mangrove forests.
Hao Chen, Tiejun Wang, Yonggen Zhang, Yun Bai, and Xi Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5685–5701, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Effectively assembling multiple models for approaching a benchmark solution remains a long-standing issue for various geoscience domains. We here propose an automated machine learning-assisted ensemble framework (AutoML-Ens) that attempts to resolve this challenge. Results demonstrate the great potential of AutoML-Ens for improving estimations due to its two unique features, i.e., assigning dynamic weights for candidate models and taking full advantage of AutoML-assisted workflow.
Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu, Fuqiang Tian, Thomas Wild, Mengqi Zhao, Sean Turner, A. F. M. Kamal Chowdhury, Chris R. Vernon, Hongchang Hu, Yuan Zhuang, Mohamad Hejazi, and Hong-Yi Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5449–5472, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5449-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5449-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Most existing global hydrologic models do not explicitly represent hydropower reservoirs. We are introducing a new water management module to Xanthos that distinguishes between the operational characteristics of irrigation, hydropower, and flood control reservoirs. We show that this explicit representation of hydropower reservoirs can lead to a significantly more realistic simulation of reservoir storage and releases in over 44 % of the hydropower reservoirs included in this study.
Javier Diez-Sierra, Salvador Navas, and Manuel del Jesus
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5035–5048, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5035-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5035-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
NEOPRENE is an open-source, freely available library allowing scientists and practitioners to generate synthetic time series and maps of rainfall. These outputs will help to explore plausible events that were never observed in the past but may occur in the near future and to generate possible future events under climate change conditions. The paper shows how to use the library to downscale daily precipitation and how to use synthetic generation to improve our characterization of extreme events.
Adam Pasik, Alexander Gruber, Wolfgang Preimesberger, Domenico De Santis, and Wouter Dorigo
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4957–4976, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4957-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4957-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We apply the exponential filter (EF) method to satellite soil moisture retrievals to estimate the water content in the unobserved root zone globally from 2002–2020. Quality assessment against an independent dataset shows satisfactory results. Error characterization is carried out using the standard uncertainty propagation law and empirically estimated values of EF model structural uncertainty and parameter uncertainty. This is followed by analysis of temporal uncertainty variations.
Po-Wei Huang, Bernd Flemisch, Chao-Zhong Qin, Martin O. Saar, and Anozie Ebigbo
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4767–4791, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4767-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4767-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water in natural environments consists of many ions. Ions are electrically charged and exert electric forces on each other. We discuss whether the electric forces are relevant in describing mixing and reaction processes in natural environments. By comparing our computer simulations to lab experiments in literature, we show that the electric interactions between ions can play an essential role in mixing and reaction processes, in which case they should not be neglected in numerical modeling.
Edward R. Jones, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Niko Wanders, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Ludovicus P. H. van Beek, and Michelle T. H. van Vliet
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4481–4500, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
DynQual is a new high-resolution global water quality model for simulating total dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand and fecal coliform as indicators of salinity, organic pollution and pathogen pollution, respectively. Output data from DynQual can supplement the observational record of water quality data, which is highly fragmented across space and time, and has the potential to inform assessments in a broad range of fields including ecological, human health and water scarcity studies.
Hugo Delottier, John Doherty, and Philip Brunner
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4213–4231, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4213-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Long run times are usually a barrier to the quantification and reduction of predictive uncertainty with complex hydrological models. Data space inversion (DSI) provides an alternative and highly model-run-efficient method for uncertainty quantification. This paper demonstrates DSI's ability to robustly quantify predictive uncertainty and extend the methodology to provide practical metrics that can guide data acquisition and analysis to achieve goals of decision-support modelling.
Zhipin Ai and Naota Hanasaki
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3275–3290, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3275-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3275-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Simultaneously simulating food production and the requirements and availability of water resources in a spatially explicit manner within a single framework remains challenging on a global scale. Here, we successfully enhanced the global hydrological model H08 that considers human water use and management to simulate the yields of four major staple crops: maize, wheat, rice, and soybean. Our improved model will be beneficial for advancing global food–water nexus studies in the future.
Emilie Rouzies, Claire Lauvernet, Bruno Sudret, and Arthur Vidard
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3137–3163, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3137-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3137-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water and pesticide transfer models are complex and should be simplified to be used in decision support. Indeed, these models simulate many spatial processes in interaction, involving a large number of parameters. Sensitivity analysis allows us to select the most influential input parameters, but it has to be adapted to spatial modelling. This study will identify relevant methods that can be transposed to any hydrological and water quality model and improve the fate of pesticide knowledge.
Guoding Chen, Ke Zhang, Sheng Wang, Yi Xia, and Lijun Chao
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2915–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2915-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2915-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we developed a novel modeling system called iHydroSlide3D v1.0 by coupling a modified a 3D landslide model with a distributed hydrology model. The model is able to apply flexibly different simulating resolutions for hydrological and slope stability submodules and gain a high computational efficiency through parallel computation. The test results in the Yuehe River basin, China, show a good predicative capability for cascading flood–landslide events.
Jens A. de Bruijn, Mikhail Smilovic, Peter Burek, Luca Guillaumot, Yoshihide Wada, and Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2437–2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2437-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2437-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a computer simulation model of the hydrological system and human system, which can simulate the behaviour of individual farmers and their interactions with the water system at basin scale to assess how the systems have evolved and are projected to evolve in the future. For example, we can simulate the effect of subsidies provided on investment in adaptation measures and subsequent effects in the hydrological system, such as a lowering of the groundwater table or reservoir level.
Matthew D. Wilson and Thomas J. Coulthard
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2415–2436, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2415-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2415-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During flooding, the sources of water that inundate a location can influence impacts such as pollution. However, methods to trace water sources in flood events are currently only available in complex, computationally expensive hydraulic models. We propose a simplified method which can be added to efficient, reduced-complexity model codes, enabling an improved understanding of flood dynamics and its impacts. We demonstrate its application for three sites at a range of spatial and temporal scales.
Bibi S. Naz, Wendy Sharples, Yueling Ma, Klaus Goergen, and Stefan Kollet
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1617–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is challenging to apply a high-resolution integrated land surface and groundwater model over large spatial scales. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of such a model over a pan-European domain at 3 km resolution and perform an extensive evaluation of simulated water states and fluxes by comparing with in situ and satellite data. This study can serve as a benchmark and baseline for future studies of climate change impact projections and for hydrological forecasting.
Jiangtao Liu, David Hughes, Farshid Rahmani, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1553–1567, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1553-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1553-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Under-monitored regions like Africa need high-quality soil moisture predictions to help with food production, but it is not clear if soil moisture processes are similar enough around the world for data-driven models to maintain accuracy. We present a deep-learning-based soil moisture model that learns from both in situ data and satellite data and performs better than satellite products at the global scale. These results help us apply our model globally while better understanding its limitations.
Daniel Caviedes-Voullième, Mario Morales-Hernández, Matthew R. Norman, and Ilhan Özgen-Xian
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 977–1008, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-977-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-977-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the SERGHEI framework and a solver for shallow-water problems. Such models, often used for surface flow and flood modelling, are computationally intense. In recent years the trends to increase computational power have changed, requiring models to adapt to new hardware and new software paradigms. SERGHEI addresses these challenges, allowing surface flow simulation to be enabled on the newest and upcoming consumer hardware and supercomputers very efficiently.
Andrew M. Ireson, Raymond J. Spiteri, Martyn P. Clark, and Simon A. Mathias
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 659–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-659-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-659-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Richards' equation (RE) is used to describe the movement and storage of water in a soil profile and is a component of many hydrological and earth-system models. Solving RE numerically is challenging due to the non-linearities in the properties. Here, we present a simple but effective and mass-conservative solution to solving RE, which is ideal for teaching/learning purposes but also useful in prototype models that are used to explore alternative process representations.
Fang Wang, Di Tian, and Mark Carroll
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 535–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-535-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-535-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gridded precipitation datasets suffer from biases and coarse resolutions. We developed a customized deep learning (DL) model to bias-correct and downscale gridded precipitation data using radar observations. The results showed that the customized DL model can generate improved precipitation at fine resolutions where regular DL and statistical methods experience challenges. The new model can be used to improve precipitation estimates, especially for capturing extremes at smaller scales.
Malak Sadki, Simon Munier, Aaron Boone, and Sophie Ricci
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 427–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-427-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-427-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting water resource evolution is a key challenge for the coming century.
Anthropogenic impacts on water resources, and particularly the effects of dams and reservoirs on river flows, are still poorly known and generally neglected in global hydrological studies. A parameterized reservoir model is reproduced to compute monthly releases in Spanish anthropized river basins. For global application, an exhaustive sensitivity analysis of the model parameters is performed on flows and volumes.
Nicolas Flipo, Nicolas Gallois, and Jonathan Schuite
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 353–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-353-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-353-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach is proposed to fit hydrological or land surface models, which suffer from large uncertainties in terms of water partitioning between fast runoff and slow infiltration from small watersheds to regional or continental river basins. It is based on the analysis of hydrosystem behavior in the frequency domain, which serves as a basis for estimating water flows in the time domain with a physically based model. It opens the way to significant breakthroughs in hydrological modeling.
Joachim Meyer, John Horel, Patrick Kormos, Andrew Hedrick, Ernesto Trujillo, and S. McKenzie Skiles
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 233–250, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Freshwater resupply from seasonal snow in the mountains is changing. Current water prediction methods from snow rely on historical data excluding the change and can lead to errors. This work presented and evaluated an alternative snow-physics-based approach. The results in a test watershed were promising, and future improvements were identified. Adaptation to current forecast environments would improve resilience to the seasonal snow changes and helps ensure the accuracy of resupply forecasts.
Shuqi Lin, Donald C. Pierson, and Jorrit P. Mesman
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 35–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-35-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-35-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The risks brought by the proliferation of algal blooms motivate the improvement of bloom forecasting tools, but algal blooms are complexly controlled and difficult to predict. Given rapid growth of monitoring data and advances in computation, machine learning offers an alternative prediction methodology. This study tested various machine learning workflows in a dimictic mesotrophic lake and gave promising predictions of the seasonal variations and the timing of algal blooms.
Thibault Hallouin, Richard J. Ellis, Douglas B. Clark, Simon J. Dadson, Andrew G. Hughes, Bryan N. Lawrence, Grenville M. S. Lister, and Jan Polcher
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 9177–9196, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9177-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9177-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new framework for modelling the water cycle in the land system has been implemented. It considers the hydrological cycle as three interconnected components, bringing flexibility in the choice of the physical processes and their spatio-temporal resolutions. It is designed to foster collaborations between land surface, hydrological, and groundwater modelling communities to develop the next-generation of land system models for integration in Earth system models.
Seyed Mahmood Hamze-Ziabari, Ulrich Lemmin, Frédéric Soulignac, Mehrshad Foroughan, and David Andrew Barry
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 8785–8807, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8785-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8785-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A procedure combining numerical simulations, remote sensing, and statistical analyses is developed to detect large-scale current systems in large lakes. By applying this novel procedure in Lake Geneva, strategies for detailed transect field studies of the gyres and eddies were developed. Unambiguous field evidence of 3D gyre/eddy structures in full agreement with predictions confirmed the robustness of the proposed procedure.
Cited articles
Abramowitz, G., Leuning, R., Clark, M., and Pitman, A.: Evaluating the
performance of land surface Models, J. Clim., 21, 5468–5481,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2378.1, 2008.
Alcalá, F. J., Cantón, Y., Contreras, S., Were, A., Serrano-Ortiz,
P., Puigdefábregas, J., Solé-Benet, A., Custodio, E., and Domingo,
F.: Diffuse and concentrated recharge evaluation using physical and tracer
techniques: results from a semiarid carbonate massif aquifer in southeastern
Spain, Environ. Earth Sci., 62, 541–557, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0546-y,
2011.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D. and Smith, M.: Crop
evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop requirements, FAO
Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),
Rome, Italy, 1998.
Allen, R. G., Pruitt, W. O., Wright, J. L., Howell, T. A., Ventura, F.,
Snyder, R., Itenfisu, D., Steduto, P., Berengena, J., and Yrisarry, J. B.: A
recommendation on standardized surface resistance for hourly calculation of
reference ETo by the FAO56 Penman-Monteith method, Agric. Water Manag., 81,
1–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.03.007, 2006.
Arbel, Y., Greenbaum, N., Lange, J., and Inbar, M.: Infiltration processes
and flow rates in developed karst vadose zone using tracers in cave drips,
Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 35, 1682–1693, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2010, 2010.
Archfield, S. A., Clark, M., Arheimer, B., Hay, L. E., McMillan, H., Kiang,
J. E., Seibert, J., Hakala, K., Bock, A., Wagener, T., Farmer, W. H.,
Andréassian, V., Attinger, S., Viglione, A., Knight, R., Markstrom, S.,
and Over, T.: Accelerating advances in continental domain hydrologic
modeling, Water Resour. Res., 51, 10078–10091, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017498,
2015.
Arnell, N. W.: A simple water balance model for the simulation of streamflow
over a large geographic domain, J. Hydrol., 217, 314–335,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00023-2, 1999.
Atkinson, S. E., Woods, R. A., and Sivapalan, M.: Climate and landscape
controls on water balance model complexity over changing timescales, Water
Resour. Res., 38, 1314, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001487, 2002.
Bai, P., Liu, X., Liang, K., and Liu, C.: Comparison of performance of twelve
monthly water balance models in different climatic catchments of China, J.
Hydrol., 529, 1030–1040, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.015, 2015.
Baldocchi, D., Falge, E., Gu, L., Olson, R., Hollinger, D., Running, S.,
Anthoni, P., Bernhofer, C., Davis, K., Evans, R., Fuentes, J., Goldstein, A.,
Katul, G., Law, B., Lee, X., Malhi, Y., Meyers, T., Munger, W., Oechel, W.,
Paw, K. T., Pilegaard, K., Schmid, H. P., Valentini, R., Verma, S., Vesala,
T., Wilson, K., and Wofsy, S.: FLUXNET: A New Tool to Study the Temporal and
Spatial Variability of Ecosystem-Scale Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and
Energy Flux Densities, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82, 2415–2434,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2415:FANTTS>2.3.CO;2, 2001.
Bargués Tobella, A., Reese, H., Almaw, A., Bayala, J., Malmer, A.,
Laudon, H., and Ilstedt, U.: The effect of trees on preferential flow and
soil infiltrability in an agroforestry parkland in semiarid Burkina Faso,
Water Resour. Res., 50, 3342–3354, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015197, 2014.
Beven, K. and Germann, P.: Macropores and water flow in soils revisited,
Water Resour. Res., 49, 3071–3092, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20156, 2013.
Beven, K. J. and Cloke, H. L.: Comment on “hyperresolution global land
surface modeling: Meeting a grand challenge for monitoring Earth's
terrestrial water” by Eric F. Wood et al., Water Resour. Res., 48, W01801,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010090, 2012.
Bierkens, M. F. P.: Global hydrology 2015: State, trends, and directions,
Water Resour. Res., 51, 4923–4947, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017173, 2015.
Blume, H.-P., Brümmer, G. W., Horn, R., Kandeler, E., Kögel-Knabner,
I., Kretzschmar, R., Stahr, K., and Wilke, B.-M.: Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49960-3., 2010.
Bohn, T. J. and Vivoni, E. R.: Process-based characterization of
evapotranspiration sources over the North American monsoon region, Water
Resour. Res., 52, 358–384, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017934, 2016.
Boone, A., Calvet, J.-C., and Noilhan, J.: Inclusion of a third soil layer in
a land surface scheme using the force–restore method, J. Appl. Meteorol.,
38, 1611–1630, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1611:IOATSL>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Botter, G., Porporato, A., Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., and Rinaldo, A.: Nonlinear
storage-discharge relations and catchment streamflow regimes, Water Resour.
Res., 45, W10427, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007658, 2009.
Brown, A. E., Zhang, L., Mcmahon, T. A., Western, A. W., and Vertessy, R. A.:
A review of paired catchment studies for determining changes in water yield
resulting from alterations in vegetation, J. Hydrol., 310, 28–61,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.12.010, 2005.
Calder, I. R. (Ed.): Evaporation in the Uplands, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,
Chichester, UK, 1990.
Campolongo, F., Cariboni, J., and Saltelli, A.: An effective screening design
for sensitivity analysis of large models, Environ. Model. Softw., 22,
1509–1518, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.10.004, 2007.
Campolongo, F., Saltelli, A., and Cariboni, J.: From screening to
quantitative sensitivity analysis. A unified approach, Comput. Phys. Commun.,
182, 978–988, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2010.12.039, 2011.
Canora, F., Fidelibus, M. D., Sciortino, A., and Spilotro, G.: Variation of
infiltration rate through karstic surfaces due to land use changes: A case
study in Murgia (SE-Italy), Eng. Geol., 99, 210–227,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.11.018, 2008.
Cantón, Y., Villagarcía, L., José Moro, M., Serrano-Ortíz,
P., Were, A., Javier Alcalá, F., Kowalski, A. S., Solé-Benet, A.,
Lázaro, R., and Domingo, F.: Temporal dynamics of soil water balance
components in a karst range in southeastern Spain: estimation of potential
recharge, Hydrol. Sci. J., 55, 737–753, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2010.490530,
2010.
Chaney, N. W., Herman, J. D., Ek, M. B., and Wood, E. F.: Deriving global
parameter estimates for the Noah land surface model using FLUXNET and machine
learning, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 13218–13235, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024821,
2016.
Chen, Z., Auler, A. S., Bakalowicz, M., Drew, D., Griger, F., Hartmann, J.,
Jiang, G., Moosdorf, N., Richts, A., Stevanovic, Z., Veni, G., and
Goldscheider, N.: The World Karst Aquifer Mapping project: concept, mapping
procedure and map of Europe, Hydrogeol. J., 25, 771–785,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1519-3, 2017.
Clapp, R. B. and Hornberger, G. M.: Empirical equations for some soil
hydraulic properties, Water Resour. Res., 14, 601–604,
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR014i004p00601, 1978.
Contreras, S., Boer, M. M., Alcala, F. J., Domingo, F., Garcia, M.,
Pulido-Bosch, A., and Puigdefabregas, J.: An ecohydrological modelling
approach for assessing long-term recharge rates in semiarid karstic
landscapes, J. Hydrol., 351, 42–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.039, 2008.
COST: Cost action 65 – Hydrogeological aspects of groundwater protection in
karstic areas, Report EUR 16547, European Commission, Directorate-General XII
Science, Research Development, Luxembourg, 1995.
Coxon, C.: Agriculture and Karst, in Karst Management, edited by van Beynen,
P. E., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 103–138, 2011.
Cuntz, M., Mai, J., Samaniego, L., Clark, M., Wulfmeyer, V., Branch, O.,
Attinger, S., and Thober, S.: The impact of standard and hard-coded
parameters on the hydrologic fluxes in the Noah-MP land surface model, J.
Geophys. Res., 121, 10676–10700, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025097, 2016.
Cuthbert, M. O., Mackay, R., and Nimmo, J. R.: Linking soil moisture balance
and source-responsive models to estimate diffuse and preferential components
of groundwater recharge, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1003–1019,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1003-2013, 2013.
DeFries, R. and Eshleman, K. N.: Land-use change and hydrologic processes?: a
major focus for the future, Hydrol. Process., 18, 2183–2186,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5584, 2004.
De Groen, M. M.: Modelling interception and transpiration at monthly time
steps?: introducing daily variability through Markov chains, PhD thesis,
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands, ISBN: 9058093786,
2002.
Döll, P. and Fiedler, K.: Global-scale modeling of groundwater recharge,
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 863–885,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-863-2008, 2008.
Döll, P., Kaspar, F., and Lehner, B.: A global hydrological model for
deriving water availability indicators: Model tuning and validation, J.
Hydrol., 270, 105–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00283-4, 2003.
Doummar, J., Sauter, M., and Geyer, T.: Simulation of flow processes in a
large scale karst system with an integrated catchment model (Mike She) –
Identification of relevant parameters influencing spring discharge, J.
Hydrol., 426–427, 112–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.01.021, 2012.
Ecofor: Site atelier de Font Blanche, available at:
http://www.gip-ecofor.org/f-ore-t/fontBlanche.php, last access: 13
December 2017.
Falkenmark, M. and Rockström, J.: The new blue and green water paradigm?:
breaking new ground for water resources planning and management, J. Water
Resour. Plan. Manag., 132, 129–132,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:3(129), 2006.
Federer, C. A.: Transpirational Supply and Demand: plant, soil, and
atmospheric effects evaluated by simulation, Water Resour. Res., 18,
355–362, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i002p00355, 1982.
Federer, C. A., Vörösmarty, C., and Fekete, B.: Sensitivity of Annual
Evaporation to Soil and Root Properties in Two Models of Contrasting
Complexity, J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 1276–1290,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1276:SOAETS>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Fleury, P., Plagnes, V., and Bakalowicz, M.: Modelling of the functioning of
karst aquifers with a reservoir model?: Application to Fontaine de Vaucluse
(South of France), J. Hydrol., 345, 38–49,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.07.014, 2007.
Foken, T., Leuning, R., Oncley, S. R., Mauder, M., and Aubinet, M.:
Corrections and Data Quality Control, in Eddy Covariance: A Practical Guide
to Measurement and Data Analysis, edited by: Aubinet, M., Vesala, T., and
Papale D., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 85–131, 2012.
Ford, D. and Williams, P. (Eds.): Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology, John
Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2007.
Gash, J. H. C.: An analytical model of rainfall interception by forests, Q.
J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 43–55, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710544304, 1979.
Gea-Izquierdo, G., Guibal, F., Joffre, R., Ourcival, J. M., Simioni, G., and
Guiot, J.: Modelling the climatic drivers determining photosynthesis and
carbon allocation in evergreen Mediterranean forests using multiproxy long
time series, Biogeosciences, 12, 3695–3712,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3695-2015, 2015.
Gerrits, M.: The role of interception in the hydrological cycle, PhD thesis,
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands, available at:
https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:7dd2523b-2169-4e7e-992c-365d2294d02e?collection=research
(last access: 30 November 2018), 2010.
Gerten, D., Schaphoff, S., Haberlandt, U., Lucht, W., and Sitch, S.:
Terrestrial vegetation and water balance – Hydrological evaluation of a
dynamic global vegetation model, J. Hydrol., 286, 249–270,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.09.029, 2004.
Gosling, S. N. and Arnell, N. W.: Simulating current global river runoff with
a global hydrological model: Model revisions, validation, and sensitivity
analysis, Hydrol. Process., 25, 1129–1145, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7727, 2011.
Güntner, A., Stuck, J., Werth, S., Döll, P., Verzano, K., and Merz,
B.: A global analysis of temporal and spatial variations in continental water
storage, Water Resour. Res., 43, W05416, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005247, 2007.
Hao, Y., Yeh, T. C. J., Gao, Z., Wang, Y., and Zhao, Y.: A gray system model
for studying the response to climatic change: The Liulin karst springs,
China, J. Hydrol., 328, 668–676, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.01.022, 2006.
Hargreaves, G. H. and Samani, Z. A.: Reference crop evapotranspiration from
temperature, Appl. Eng. Agric., 1, 96–99, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.26773, 1985.
Hartmann, A. and Baker, A.: Modelling karst vadose zone hydrology and its
relevance for paleoclimate reconstruction, Earth-Sci. Rev., 172, 178–192,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.08.001, 2017.
Hartmann, A., Lange, J., Vivó Aguado, À., Mizyed, N., Smiatek, G.,
and Kunstmann, H.: A multi-model approach for improved simulations of future
water availability at a large Eastern Mediterranean karst spring, J. Hydrol.,
468–469, 130–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.024, 2012a.
Hartmann, A., Lange, J., Weiler, M., Arbel, Y., and Greenbaum, N.: A new
approach to model the spatial and temporal variability of recharge to karst
aquifers, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2219–2231,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2219-2012, 2012b.
Hartmann, A., Barberá, J. A., Lange, J., Andreo, B., and Weiler, M.:
Progress in the hydrologic simulation of time variant recharge areas of karst
systems – Exemplified at a karst spring in Southern Spain, Adv. Water
Resour., 54, 149–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.010, 2013.
Hartmann, A., Goldscheider, N., Wagener, T., Lange, J., and Weiler, M.: Karst
water resources in a changing world: Review of hydrological modeling
approaches, Rev. Geophys., 52, 218–242, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RG000443, 2014.
Hartmann, A., Gleeson, T., Rosolem, R., Pianosi, F., Wada, Y., and Wagener,
T.: A large-scale simulation model to assess karstic groundwater recharge
over Europe and the Mediterranean, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1729–1746,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1729-2015, 2015.
Hartmann, A., Gleeson, T., Wada, Y., and Wagener, T.: Enhanced groundwater
recharge rates and altered recharge sensitivity to climate variability
through subsurface heterogeneity, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 2842–2847,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614941114, 2017.
Haughton, N., Abramowitz, G., and Pitman, A. J.: On the predictability of
land surface fluxes from meteorological variables, Geosci. Model Dev., 11,
195–212, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-195-2018, 2018.
Hendrickx, J. M. H. and Flury, M.: Uniform and Preferential Flow Mechanisms
in the Vadose Zone, in: Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the
Fractured Vadose Zone, edited by: National Research Council, The National
Academies Press, Washington, DC, 149–188, 2001.
Hogue, T. S., Bastidas, L. A., Gupta, H. V., and Sorooshian, S.: Evaluating
model performance and parameter behavior for varying levels of land surface
model complexity, Water Resour. Res., 42, W08430, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004440,
2006.
Holman, I. P., Brown, C., Janes, V., and Sandars, D.: Can we be certain about
future land use change in Europe? A multi-scenario, integrated-assessment
analysis, Agric. Syst., 151, 126–135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.12.001, 2017.
Hong, E.-M., Pachepsky, Y. A., Whelan, G., and Nicholson, T.: Simpler models
in environmental studies and predictions, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol.,
47, 1669–1712, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2017.1393264, 2017.
Hurtt, G. C., Chini, L. P., Frolking, S., Betts, R, A., Feddema, J., Fischer,
G., Fisk, J. P., Hibbard, K., Houghton, R. A., Janetos, A., Jones, C. D.,
Kindermann, G., Kinoshita, T., Klein Goldewijk, K., Riahi, K., Shevliakova,
E., Smith, S., Stehfest, E., Thomson, A., Thornton, P., van Vuuren, D. P.,
and Wang, Y. P.: Harmonization of land-use scenarios for the period
1500–2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land-use transitions, wood
harvest, and resulting secondary lands, Clim. Change, 109, 117–161,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0153-2, 2011.
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K.,
Tignor, M. M. B., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V.,
Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Ivanov, V. Y., Bras, R. L., and Curtis, D. C.: A weather generator for
hydrological, ecological, and agricultural applications, Water Resour. Res.,
43, W10406, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005364, 2007.
Jarvis, P. G.: The Interpretation of the Variations in Leaf Water Potential
and Stomatal Conductance Found in Canopies in the Field, Phil. Trans. R. Soc.
Lond. B., 273, 593–610, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1976.0035, 1976.
Jothityangkoon, C. and Sivapalan, M.: Framework for exploration of climatic
and landscape controls on catchment water balance, with emphasis on
inter-annual variability, J. Hydrol., 371, 154–168,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.03.030, 2009.
Kergoat, L.: A model for hydrological equilibrium of leaf area index on a
global scale, J. Hydrol., 212–213, 268–286,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00211-X, 1998.
Kim, J. H. and Jackson, R. B.: A Global Analysis of Groundwater Recharge for
Vegetation, Climate, and Soils, Vadose Z. J., 11, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2011.0021RA,
2012.
Kirchner, J. W.: Getting the right answers for the right reasons: Linking
measurements, analyses, and models to advance the science of hydrology, Water
Resour. Res., 42, W03S04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004362, 2006.
Klimchouk, A. B. and Ford, D. C.: Types of karst and evolution of
hydrogeologic setting, in Speleogenesis, Evolution of Karst Aquifers, edited
by: Klimchouk, A. B., Ford, D. C., Palmer, A., and Dreybrodt, W., National
Speleological Society, Huntsville, Alabama, USA, 45–53, 2000.
Knohl, A., Schulze, E. D., Kolle, O., and Buchmann, N.: Large carbon uptake
by an unmanaged 250-year-old deciduous forest in Central Germany, Agric.
Forest Meteorol., 118, 151–167, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00115-1, 2003.
Kumar, R., Samaniego, L., and Attinger, S.: Implications of distributed
hydrologic model parameterization on water fluxes at multiple scales and
locations, Water Resour. Res., 49, 360–379, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012195, 2013.
Laio, F., Porporato, A., Ridolfi, L., and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.: On the
seasonal dynamics of mean soil moisture, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4272,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001252, 2002.
Li, X. Y., Contreras, S., and Solé-Benet, A.: Spatial distribution of
rock fragments in dolines: A case study in a semiarid Mediterranean
mountain-range (Sierra de Gádor, SE Spain), Catena, 70, 366–374,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2006.11.003, 2007.
Li, X. Y., Contreras, S., Solé-Benet, A., Cantón, Y., Domingo, F.,
Lázaro, R., Lin, H., Van Wesemael, B., and Puigdefábregas, J.:
Controls of infiltration-runoff processes in Mediterranean karst rangelands
in SE Spain, Catena, 86, 98–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.03.003, 2011.
Liang, X., Lettenmaier, D. P., Wood, E. F., and Burges, S. J.: A simple
hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for
general circulation models, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14415–14428,
https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD00483, 1994.
Loáiciga, H. A., Maidment, D. R., and Valdes, J. B.: Climate-change
impacts in a regional karst aquifer, Texas, USA, J. Hydrol., 227, 173–194,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00179-1, 2000.
Lu, Y., Liu, S., Weng, L., Wang, L., Li, Z., and Xu, L.: Fractal analysis of
cracking in a clayey soil under freeze-thaw cycles, Eng. Geol., 208, 93–99,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.04.023, 2016.
Martens, B., Miralles, D. G., Lievens, H., van der Schalie, R., de Jeu, R. A.
M., Fernández-Prieto, D., Beck, H. E., Dorigo, W. A., and Verhoest, N. E.
C.: GLEAM v3: satellite-based land evaporation and root-zone soil moisture,
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1903–1925, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017,
2017.
Maxwell, R. M. and Condon, L. E.: Connections between groundwater flow and
transpiration partitioning, Science, 353, 377–380,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7891, 2016.
McCabe, M. F., Ershadi, A., Jimenez, C., Miralles, D. G., Michel, D., and
Wood, E. F.: The GEWEX LandFlux project: evaluation of model evaporation
using tower-based and globally gridded forcing data, Geosci. Model Dev., 9,
283–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-283-2016, 2016.
Mendoza, P. A., Clark, M. P., Barlage, M., Rajagopalan, B., Samaniego, L.,
Abramowitz, G., and Gupta, H.: Are we unnecessarily constraining the agility
of complex process-based models?, Water Resour. Res., 51, 716–728,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015820, 2015.
Miralles, D. G., Gash, J. H., Holmes, T. R. H., De Jeu, R. A. M., and Dolman,
A. J.: Global canopy interception from satellite observations, J. Geophys.
Res., 115, D16122, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013530, 2010.
Miralles, D. G., Holmes, T. R. H., De Jeu, R. A. M., Gash, J. H., Meesters,
A. G. C. A., and Dolman, A. J.: Global land-surface evaporation estimated
from satellite-based observations, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 453–469,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-453-2011, 2011.
Monteith, J. L.: Evaporation and environment, Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., 19,
205–234, 1965.
Morris, M. D.: Factorial sampling plans for preliminary computational
experiments, Technometrics, 33, 161–174, https://doi.org/10.2307/1269043, 1991.
Müller Schmied, H., Eisner, S., Franz, D., Wattenbach, M., Portmann, F.
T., Flörke, M., and Döll, P.: Sensitivity of simulated global-scale
freshwater fluxes and storages to input data, hydrological model structure,
human water use and calibration, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3511–3538,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3511-2014, 2014.
Mund, M., Kutsch, W. L., Wirth, C., Kahl, T., Knohl, A., Skomarkova, M. V.,
and Schulze, E. D.: The influence of climate and fructification on the
inter-annual variability of stem growth and net primary productivity in an
old-growth, mixed beech forest, Tree Physiol., 30, 689–704,
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq027, 2010.
Owor, M., Taylor, R. G., Tindimugaya, C., and Mwesigwa, D.: Rainfall
intensity and groundwater recharge: empirical evidence from the Upper Nile
Basin, Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 35009, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/3/035009, 2009.
Pechlivanidis, I. G., McIntyre, N., and Wheater, H. S.: The significance of
spatial variability of rainfall on simulated runoff: an evaluation based on
the Upper Lee catchment, UK, Hydrol. Res., 48, nh2016038,
https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.038, 2016.
Penman, H. L.: The dependance of transpiration on weather and soil
conditions, J. Soil Sci., 1, 74–89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1950.tb00720.x,
1950.
Pereira, L. S., Allen, R. G., Smith, M., and Raes, D.: Crop
evapotranspiration estimation with FAO56: Past and future, Agric. Water
Manag., 147, 4–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.07.031, 2015.
Pérez-Priego, O., Serrano-Ortiz, P., Sánchez-Cañete, E. P.,
Domingo, F., and Kowalski, A. S.: Isolating the effect of subterranean
ventilation on CO2 emissions from drylands to the atmosphere, Agric.
Forest Meteorol., 180, 194–202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.014, 2013.
Pianosi, F., Sarrazin, F., and Wagener, T.: A Matlab toolbox for Global
Sensitivity Analysis, Environ. Model. Softw., 70, 80–85,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.009, 2015.
Pinty, B., Jung, M., Kaminski, T., Lavergne, T., Mund, M., Plummer, S.,
Thomas, E., and Widlowski, J. L.: Evaluation of the JRC-TIP 0.01∘
products over a mid-latitude deciduous forest site, Remote Sens. Environ.,
115, 3567–3581, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.018, 2011.
Porporato, A., Daly, E., and Rodríguez-Iturbe, I.: Soil water balance
and ecosystem response to climate change, Am. Nat., 164, 625–632,
https://doi.org/10.1086/424970, 2004.
Priestley, C. H. B. and Taylor, R. J.: On the Assessment of Surface Heat Flux
and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Parameters, Mon. Weather Rev., 100, 81–92,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1972)100<0081:OTAOSH>2.3.CO;2, 1972.
Rahman, M. and Rosolem, R.: Towards a simple representation of chalk
hydrology in land surface modelling, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 459–471,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-459-2017, 2017.
Rambal, S.: Quercus ilex facing water stress: a functional equilibrium
hypothesis, in Quercus ilex L. ecosystems: function, dynamics and management,
Advances in vegetation science, edited by: Romane, F. and Terradas, F.,
Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, AIVS, 13, 147–153, 1992.
Rambal, S.: Le Paradoxe hydrologique des écosystèmes
méditerranéens sur des sols karstiques, in: Numéro spécial
des Annales de la Société d'Horticulture et d'Histoire Naturelle de
l'Hérault, 61–67, 2011.
Rambal, S., Ourcival, J. M., Joffre, R., Mouillot, F., Nouvellon, Y.,
Reichstein, M., and Rocheteau, A.: Drought controls over conductance and
assimilation of a Mediterranean evergreen ecosystem: Scaling from leaf to
canopy, Glob. Chang. Biol., 9, 1813–1824,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2003.00687.x, 2003.
Reichstein, M., Tenhunen, J. D., Roupsard, O., Ourcival, J. M., Rambal, S.,
Miglietta, F., Peressotti, A., Pecchiari, M., Tirone, G., and Valentini, R.:
Severe drought effects on ecosystem CO2 and H2O fluxes at three
Mediterranean evergreen sites: Revision of current hypotheses?, Glob. Change
Biol., 8, 999–1017, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00530.x, 2002.
Rimmer, A. and Hartmann, A.: Simplified conceptual structures and analytical
solutions for groundwater discharge using reservoir equations, in Water
resources management and modeling, edited by: Nayak, P., InTech, Kakinada,
217–238, 2012.
Rodell, M., Houser, P. R., Jambor, U., Gottschalck, J., Mitchell, K., Meng,
C.-J., Arsenault, K., Cosgrove, B., Radakovich, J., Bosilovich, M., Entin, J.
K., Walker, J. P., Lohmann, D., and Toll, D.: The Global Land Data
Assimilation System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85, 381–394,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381, 2004.
Rosero, E., Yang, Z. L., Wagener, T., Gulden, L. E., Yatheendradas, S., and
Niu, G.-Y.: Quantifying parameter sensitivity, interaction, and
transferability in hydrologically enhanced versions of the Noah land surface
model over transition zones during the warm season, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
115, D03106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012035, 2010.
Rosolem, R., Gupta, H. V., Shuttleworth, W. J., Gonçalves de
Gonçalves, L. G., and Zeng, X.: Towards a comprehensive approach to
parameter estimation in land surface parameterization schemes, Hydrol.
Process., 27, 2075–2097, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9362, 2013.
Ross, J.: Radiative transfer in plant communities, in Vegetation and the
Atmosphere, volume I Principles, edited by: Monteith, J., Academic Press,
London, 13–55, 1975.
Ruiz, L., Varma, M. R. R., Kumar, M. M. S., Sekhar, M., Maréchal, J.-C.,
Descloitres, M., Riotte, J., Kumar, S., Kumar, C., and Braun, J.-J.: Water
balance modelling in a tropical watershed under deciduous forest (Mule Hole,
India): Regolith matric storage buffers the groundwater recharge process, J.
Hydrol., 380, 460–472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.11.020, 2010.
Saltelli, A., Ratto, M., Andres, T., Campolongo, F., Cariboni, J., Gatelli,
D., Saisana, M., and Tarantola, S. (Eds.): Global Sensitivity Analysis, The
Primer, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2008.
Samaniego, L., Kumar, R., and Attinger, S.: Multiscale parameter
regionalization of a grid-based hydrologic model at the mesoscale, Water
Resour. Res., 46, W05523, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007327, 2010.
Samaniego, L., Brenner, J., Demirel, C. M., Jing, M., Kaluza, M., Kumar, R.,
Langenberg, B., Rakovec, O., Schäfer, D., Schrön, M., Schweppe, R.,
and Thober, S.: The mesoscale Hydrologic Model mHM, Documentation for version
5.9, Helmoltz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany,
2018.
Samuels, R., Rimmer, A., Hartmann, A., Krichak, S., and Alpert, P.: Climate
Change Impacts on Jordan River Flow: Downscaling Application from a Regional
Climate Model, J. Hydrometeorol., 11, 860–879, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1177.1,
2010.
Sarrazin, F., Pianosi, F., and Wagener, T.: Global Sensitivity Analysis of
environmental models: Convergence and validation, Environ. Model. Softw., 79,
135–152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.005, 2016.
Sarrazin, F., Hartmann, A., Pianosi, P., Rosolem, R., and Wagener, T.:
V2Karst version v1.1, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1484282, 2018.
Sauter, M.: Quantification and Forecasting of Regional Groundwater Flow and
Transport in a Karst Aquifer (Gallusquelle, Malm, SW. Germany), PhD thesis,
Tübinger Universität, Tübinger, Germany, 1992.
Savenije, H. H. G.: Determination of evaporation from a catchment water
balance at a monthly time scale, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 1, 93–100,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-93-1997, 1997.
Savenije, H. H. G.: The importance of interception and why we should delete
the term evapotranspiration from our vocabulary, Hydrol. Process., 18,
1507–1511, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5563, 2004.
Scanlon, B. R., Keese, K. E., Flint, A. L., Flint, L. E., Gaye, C. B.,
Edmunds, W. M., and Simmers, I.: Global synthesis of groundwater recharge in
semiarid and arid regions, Hydrol. Process., 20, 3335–3370,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6335, 2006.
Schwinning, S.: The ecohydrology of roots in rocks, Ecohydrology Bearings –
Invited Commentary, Ecohydrology, 3, 238–245, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.134, 2010.
Seidl, R., Schelhaas, M.-J., Rammer, W., and Verkerk, P. J.: Increasing
forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage, Nat. Clim.
Change, 4, 806–810, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2393, 2014.
Serrano-Ortiz, P., Kowalski, A. S., Domingo, F., Rey, A., Pegoraro, E.,
Villagarcía, L., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Variations in daytime net
carbon and water exchange in a montane shrubland ecosystem in southeast
Spain, Photosynthetica, 45, 30–35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-007-0005-5, 2007.
Shuttleworth, W. J.: Evapotranspiration, in: Handbook of Hydrology, edited
by: Maidment, D. R., McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 4.1–4.53, 1993.
Shuttleworth, W. J. (Eds.): Terrestrial Hydrometeorology, John Wiley &
Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2012.
Shuttleworth, W. J. and Wallace, J. S.: Evaporation From Spare Crops – An
Energy Combination Theory, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 839–855,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711146910, 1985.
Simioni, G., Durand-Gillmann, M., and Huc, R.: Asymmetric competition
increases leaf inclination effect on light absorption in mixed canopies, Ann.
Forest Sci., 70, 123–131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-012-0246-8, 2013.
Šimůnek, J., Šejna, M., Saito, H., Sakai, M., and van Genuchten,
M. T.: The HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating the one-dimensional
movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media,
Version 4.08, University of California Riverside, Riverside, USA, 2009.
Sitch, S., Smith, B., Prentice, I. C., Arneth, a., Bondeau, a., Cramer, W.,
Kaplan, J. O., Levis, S., Lucht, W., Sykes, M. T., Thonicke, K., and
Venevsky, S.: Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and
terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model, Glob.
Change Biol., 9, 161–185, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00569.x, 2003.
Smith, K. A.: Investigating Uncertainty in Global Hydrology Modelling, PhD
thesis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, 2016.
Sperna Weiland, F. C., Vrugt, J. A., Van Beek, R. L. P. H., Weerts, A. H.,
and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Significant uncertainty in global scale hydrological
modeling from precipitation data errors, J. Hydrol., 529, 1095–1115,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.061, 2015.
Stewart, J. B.: Modelling surface conductance of pine forest, Agric. Forest
Meteorol., 43, 19–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(88)90003-2, 1988.
Sutanudjaja, E. H., van Beek, L. P. H., de Jong, S. M., van Geer, F. C., and
Bierkens, M. F. P.: Large-scale groundwater modeling using global datasets: a
test case for the Rhine-Meuse basin, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15,
2913–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2913-2011, 2011.
Taylor, R. G., Todd, M. C., Kongola, L., Maurice, L., Nahozya, E., Sanga, H.,
and MacDonald, A. M.: Evidence of the dependence of groundwater resources on
extreme rainfall in East Africa, Nat. Clime Chang., 3, 374–378,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1731, 2013.
Tesemma, Z. K., Wei, Y., Peel, M. C., and Western, A. W.: The effect of
year-to-year variability of leaf area index on Variable Infiltration Capacity
model performance and simulation of runoff, Adv. Water Resour., 83, 310–322,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.07.002, 2015.
Thornthwaite, C. W.: An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate,
Geogr. Rev., 38, 55–94, https://doi.org/10.2307/210739, 1948.
Tritz, S., Guinot, V., and Jourde, H.: Modelling the behaviour of a karst
system catchment using non-linear hysteretic conceptual model, J. Hydrol.,
397, 250–262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.12.001, 2011.
Twine, T. E., Kustas, W. P., Norman, J. M., Cook, D. R., Houser, P. R.,
Meyers, T. P., Prueger, J. H., Starks, P. J., and Wesley, M. L.: Correcting
eddy covariance flux underestimates over grassland, Agric. Forest Meteorol.,
103, 279–300, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00123-4, 2000.
Uhlenbrook, S.: Catchment hydrology – a science in which all processes are
preferential, Hydrol. Process., 20, 3581–3585, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6564, 2006.
Valente, F., David, J. S., and Gash, J. H. C.: Modelling interception loss
for two sparse eucalypt and pine forests in central Portugal using
reformulated Rutter and Gash analytical models, J. Hydrol., 190, 141–162,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03066-1, 1997.
Van Beek, R.: Forcing PCR-GLOBWB with CRU data, Utrecht University, the
Netherlands, available at:
http://vanbeek.geo.uu.nl/suppinfo/vanbeek2008.pdf (last access: 30 November 2018), 2008.
Van Beek, L. P. H. and Bierkens, M. F. P.: The Global Hydrological Model
PCR-GLOBWB: Conceptualization, Parameterization and Verification, Report
Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Netherlands, available
at:
http://vanbeek.geo.uu.nl/suppinfo/vanbeekbierkens2009.pdf (last access: 30 November 2018), 2008.
Van Dijk, A. I. J. M. and Bruijnzeel, L. A.: Modelling rainfall interception
by vegetation of variable density using an adapted analytical model – Part
1: Model description, J. Hydrol., 247, 230–238,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00392-4, 2001.
Van Werkhoven, K., Wagener, T., Reed, P., and Tang, Y.: Rainfall
characteristics define the value of streamflow observations for distributed
watershed model identification, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L11403,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034162, 2008.
Vörösmarty, C. J.: Global change, the water cycle, and our search for
Mauna Loa, Hydrol. Process., 16, 135–139, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.527, 2002.
Vörösmarty, C. J., Moore, B., Grace, A. L., Gildea, M. P., Melillo,
J. M., Peterson, B. J., Rastetter, E. B., and Steudler, P. A.: Continental
scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South
America, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 3, 241–265, https://doi.org/10.1029/GB003i003p00241,
1989.
Vörösmarty, C. J., Federer, C. A., and Schloss, A. L.: Potential
evapotranspiration functions compared on US watersheds: implications for
global-scale water balance and terrestrial ecosystem modeling, J. Hydrol.,
207, 147–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00109-7, 1998.
Wada, Y., Van Beek, L. P. H., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Nonsustainable
groundwater sustaining irrigation: A global assessment, Water Resour. Res.,
48, W00L06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010562, 2012.
Wang, K. and Dickinson, R. E.: A review of global terrestrial
evapotranspiration: observation, modelling, climatology, and climatic
variability, Rev. Geophys., 50, 1–54, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000373, 2012.
Weiler, M. and McDonnell, J.: Virtual experiments: A new approach for
improving process conceptualization in hillslope hydrology, J. Hydrol., 285,
3–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00271-3, 2004.
Werth, S., Güntner, A., Petrovic, S., and Schmidt, R.: Integration of
GRACE mass variations into a global hydrological model, Earth Planet. Sci.
Lett., 277, 166–173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.021, 2009.
Williams, P. W.: The role of the subcutaneous zone in karst hydrology, J.
Hydrol., 61, 45–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(83)90234-2, 1983.
Williams, P. W. (Ed.): Environmental change and human impact on karst
terrains: an introduction, in: Karst Terrains – Environmental changes and
human impact, Catena Verlag, Cremlingen-Destedt, Germany, 1–19, 1993.
Williams, P. W.: The role of the epikarst in karst and cave hydrogeology?: a
review, Int. J. Speleol., 37, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.37.1.1, 2008.
Yin, J., Porporato, A., and Albertson, J.: Interplay of climate seasonality
and soil moisture-rainfall feedback, Water Resour. Res., 50, 6053–6066,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014772, 2014.
Young, P., Parkinson, S., and Lees, M.: Simplicity out of complexity in
environmental modelling: Occam's razor revisited, J. Appl. Stat., 23,
165–210, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664769624206, 1996.
Zhang, Z., Chen, X., Ghadouani, A., and Shi, P.: Modelling hydrological
processes influenced by soil, rock and vegetation in a small karst basin of
southwest China, Hydrol. Process., 25, 2456–2470, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8022,
2011.
Zhu, Z., Piao, S., Myneni, R. B., Huang, M., Zeng, Z., Canadell, J. G.,
Ciais, P., Sitch, S., Friedlingstein, P., Arneth, A., Cao, C., Cheng, L.,
Kato, E., Koven, C., Li, Y., Lian, X., Liu, Y., Liu, R., Mao, J., Pan, Y.,
Peng, S., Peñuelas, J., Poulter, B., Pugh, T. A. M., Stocker, B. D.,
Viovy, N., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Xiao, Z., Yang, H., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, N.:
Greening of the Earth and its drivers, Nat. Clim. ChangE, 6, 791–795,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3004, 2016.
Short summary
We propose the first large-scale vegetation–recharge model for karst regions (V2Karst), which enables the analysis of the impact of changes in climate and land cover on karst groundwater recharge. We demonstrate the plausibility of V2Karst simulations against observations at FLUXNET sites and of controlling modelled processes using sensitivity analysis. We perform virtual experiments to further test the model and gain insight into its sensitivity to precipitation pattern and vegetation cover.
We propose the first large-scale vegetation–recharge model for karst regions (V2Karst), which...
