Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5487-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5487-2025
Model experiment description paper
 | 
01 Sep 2025
Model experiment description paper |  | 01 Sep 2025

Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha′apai Volcano Impact Model Observation Comparison (HTHH-MOC) project: experiment protocol and model descriptions

Yunqian Zhu, Hideharu Akiyoshi, Valentina Aquila, Elizabeth Asher, Ewa M. Bednarz, Slimane Bekki, Christoph Brühl, Amy H. Butler, Parker Case, Simon Chabrillat, Gabriel Chiodo, Margot Clyne, Peter R. Colarco, Sandip Dhomse, Lola Falletti, Eric Fleming, Ben Johnson, Andrin Jörimann, Mahesh Kovilakam, Gerbrand Koren, Ales Kuchar, Nicolas Lebas, Qing Liang, Cheng-Cheng Liu, Graham Mann, Michael Manyin, Marion Marchand, Olaf Morgenstern, Paul Newman, Luke D. Oman, Freja F. Østerstrøm, Yifeng Peng, David Plummer, Ilaria Quaglia, William Randel, Samuel Rémy, Takashi Sekiya, Stephen Steenrod, Timofei Sukhodolov, Simone Tilmes, Kostas Tsigaridis, Rei Ueyama, Daniele Visioni, Xinyue Wang, Shingo Watanabe, Yousuke Yamashita, Pengfei Yu, Wandi Yu, Jun Zhang, and Zhihong Zhuo

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Cited articles

Akiyoshi, H., Nakamura, T., Miyasaka, T., Shiotani, M., and Suzuki, M.: A nudged chemistry-climate model simulation of chemical constituent distribution at northern high-latitude stratosphere observed by SMILES and MLS during the 2009/2010 stratospheric sudden warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 1361–1380, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023334, 2016. 
Akiyoshi, H., Kadowaki, M., Yamashita, Y., and Nagatomo, T.: Dependence of column ozone on future ODSs and GHGs in the variability of 500-ensemble members, Sci. Rep., 13, 320, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27635-y, 2023. 
Andres, R. J. and Kasgnoc, A. D.: A time-averaged inventory of subaerial volcanic sulfur emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25251–25261, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD02091, 1998. 
Asher, E., Todt, M., Rosenlof, K., Thornberry, T., Gao, R., Taha, G., Walter, P., Alvarez, S., Flynn, J., Davis, S. M., Evan, S., Brioude, J., Metzger, J., Hurst, D. F., Hall, E., and Xiong, K.: Unexpectedly rapid aerosol formation in the Hunga Tonga plume, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 120, e2219547120, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2219547120, 2023. 
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Short summary
To understand the climate impact of the 2022 Hunga volcanic eruption, we developed a climate model–observation comparison project. The paper describes the protocols and models that participate in the experiments. We designed several experiments to achieve our goals of this activity: (1) to evaluate the climate model performance and (2) to understand the Earth system responses to this eruption.
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