Articles | Volume 11, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3537-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3537-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A global scavenging and circulation ocean model of thorium-230 and protactinium-231 with improved particle dynamics (NEMO–ProThorP 0.1)
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA–Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Jean-Claude Dutay
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA–Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Matthieu Roy-Barman
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA–Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Related authors
Josué Bock, Martine Michou, Pierre Nabat, Manabu Abe, Jane P. Mulcahy, Dirk J. L. Olivié, Jörg Schwinger, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Jerry Tjiputra, Marco van Hulten, Michio Watanabe, Andrew Yool, and Roland Séférian
Biogeosciences, 18, 3823–3860, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we analyse surface ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration and flux to the atmosphere from four CMIP6 Earth system models over the historical and ssp585 simulations.
Our analysis of contemporary (1980–2009) climatologies shows that models better reproduce observations in mid to high latitudes. The models disagree on the sign of the trend of the global DMS flux from 1980 onwards. The models agree on a positive trend of DMS over polar latitudes following sea-ice retreat dynamics.
Olivier Aumont, Marco van Hulten, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Jean-Claude Dutay, Christian Éthé, and Marion Gehlen
Biogeosciences, 14, 2321–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2321-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2321-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The marine biological carbon pump is dominated by the vertical transfer of particulate organic carbon (POC) from the surface ocean to its interior. In this study, we explore the impacts of a variable composition of this organic matter using a global ocean biogeochemical model. We show that accounting for a variable lability of POC increases POC concentrations by up to 2 orders of magnitude in the ocean's interior. Furthermore, the amount of carbon that reaches the sediments is twice as large.
Marco van Hulten, Rob Middag, Jean-Claude Dutay, Hein de Baar, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Marion Gehlen, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Andreas Sterl
Biogeosciences, 14, 1123–1152, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1123-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1123-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We ran a global ocean model to understand manganese (Mn), a biologically essential element. Our model shows that (i) in the deep ocean, dissolved [Mn] is mostly homogeneous ~0.10—0.15 nM. The model reproduces this with a threshold on MnO2 of 25 pM, suggesting a minimal particle concentration is needed before aggregation and removal become efficient.
(ii) The observed distinct hydrothermal signals are produced by assuming both a strong source and a strong removal of Mn near hydrothermal vents.
M. M. P. van Hulten, A. Sterl, R. Middag, H. J. W. de Baar, M. Gehlen, J.-C. Dutay, and A. Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 11, 3757–3779, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3757-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3757-2014, 2014
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Anne Mouchet, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Camille Risi, and Gilles Ramstein
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6627–6655, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotopes (δ18O, δD) are one of the most widely used proxies in ocean climate research. Previous studies using water isotope observations and modelling have highlighted the importance of understanding spatial and temporal isotopic variability for a quantitative interpretation of these tracers. Here we present the first results of a high-resolution regional dynamical model (at 1/12° horizontal resolution) developed for the Mediterranean Sea, one of the hotspots of ongoing climate change.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Thomas Arsouze, and Catherine Jeandel
Biogeosciences, 20, 205–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The neodymium (Nd) is one of the most useful tracers to fingerprint water mass provenance. However, the use of Nd is hampered by the lack of adequate quantification of the external sources. Here, we present the first simulation of dissolved Nd concentration and Nd isotopic composition in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution model. We aim to better understand how the various external sources affect the Nd cycle and particularly assess how it is impacted by atmospheric inputs.
Josué Bock, Martine Michou, Pierre Nabat, Manabu Abe, Jane P. Mulcahy, Dirk J. L. Olivié, Jörg Schwinger, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Jerry Tjiputra, Marco van Hulten, Michio Watanabe, Andrew Yool, and Roland Séférian
Biogeosciences, 18, 3823–3860, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we analyse surface ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration and flux to the atmosphere from four CMIP6 Earth system models over the historical and ssp585 simulations.
Our analysis of contemporary (1980–2009) climatologies shows that models better reproduce observations in mid to high latitudes. The models disagree on the sign of the trend of the global DMS flux from 1980 onwards. The models agree on a positive trend of DMS over polar latitudes following sea-ice retreat dynamics.
Matthieu Roy-Barman, Lorna Foliot, Eric Douville, Nathalie Leblond, Fréderic Gazeau, Matthieu Bressac, Thibaut Wagener, Céline Ridame, Karine Desboeufs, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 2663–2678, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2663-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2663-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The release of insoluble elements such as aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), rare earth elements (REEs), thorium (Th) and protactinium (Pa) when Saharan dust falls over the Mediterranean Sea was studied during tank experiments under present and future climate conditions. Each element exhibited different dissolution kinetics and dissolution fractions (always lower than a few percent). Changes in temperature and/or pH under greenhouse conditions lead to a lower Th release and a higher light REE release.
Lise Missiaen, Nathaelle Bouttes, Didier M. Roche, Jean-Claude Dutay, Aurélien Quiquet, Claire Waelbroeck, Sylvain Pichat, and Jean-Yves Peterschmitt
Clim. Past, 16, 867–883, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-867-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-867-2020, 2020
Tristan Vadsaria, Laurent Li, Gilles Ramstein, and Jean-Claude Dutay
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 2337–2354, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2337-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2337-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This article aims to reproduce the Early Holocene climate over the Mediterranean basin, characterized with a large reorganization of the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. In order to reduce the demand of strong computation resources, a comprehensive global-to-regional model architecture is developed and validated against paleo data. Beyond the case study shown here, this platform may be applied to a large number of paleoclimate contexts.
Ole Valk, Michiel M. Rutgers van der Loeff, Walter Geibert, Sandra Gdaniec, S. Bradley Moran, Kate Lepore, Robert Lawrence Edwards, Yanbin Lu, Viena Puigcorbé, Nuria Casacuberta, Ronja Paffrath, William Smethie, and Matthieu Roy-Barman
Ocean Sci., 16, 221–234, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-221-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-221-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
After 2007 230Th decreased significantly in the central Amundsen Basin. This decrease is accompanied by a circulation change, indicated by changes in salinity. Ventilation of waters is most likely not the reason for the observed depletion in 230Th as atmospherically derived tracers do not reveal an increase in ventilation rate. It is suggested that these interior waters have undergone enhanced scavenging of Th during transit from Fram Strait and the Barents Sea to the central Amundsen Basin.
Camille Richon, Jean-Claude Dutay, Laurent Bopp, Briac Le Vu, James C. Orr, Samuel Somot, and François Dulac
Biogeosciences, 16, 135–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the effects of climate change and biogeochemical forcing evolution on the nutrient and plankton cycles of the Mediterranean Sea for the first time. We use a high-resolution coupled physical and biogeochemical model and perform 120-year transient simulations. The results indicate that changes in external nutrient fluxes and climate change may have synergistic or antagonistic effects on nutrient concentrations, depending on the region and the scenario.
Julien Palmiéri, Jean-Claude Dutay, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Loïc Houpert, Nicolas Mayot, and Laurent Bopp
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-423, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
In this model study, we highlight the importance of the subsurface phytoplankton dynamic in the Mediterranean sea. Comparing surface chlorophyll annual cycle to vertically integrated one, we show how important the subsurface phytoplankton community is, throughout the Mediterranean. It shows that surface chlorophyll is incomplete and cannot alone be considered a good proxy of the total phytoplankton biomass. Then, we decrypt some deep chlorophyll maximum mechanisms in the low production area.
Camille Richon, Jean-Claude Dutay, François Dulac, Rong Wang, and Yves Balkanski
Biogeosciences, 15, 2499–2524, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2499-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2499-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work is part of the Mermex and ChArMEx projects of the MISTRALS program. It aims at studying the impacts of phosphorus deposition from contrasted sources on the biogeochemical cycles of the Mediterranean Sea.
The results show that combustion-related phosphorus deposition effects dominate P deposition over the northern Mediterranean, whereas dust-derived phosphorus deposition effects dominate in the southern part.
James C. Orr, Raymond G. Najjar, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, John L. Bullister, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Scott C. Doney, John P. Dunne, Jean-Claude Dutay, Heather Graven, Stephen M. Griffies, Jasmin G. John, Fortunat Joos, Ingeborg Levin, Keith Lindsay, Richard J. Matear, Galen A. McKinley, Anne Mouchet, Andreas Oschlies, Anastasia Romanou, Reiner Schlitzer, Alessandro Tagliabue, Toste Tanhua, and Andrew Yool
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2169–2199, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is a model comparison effort under Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Its physical component is described elsewhere in this special issue. Here we describe its ocean biogeochemical component (OMIP-BGC), detailing simulation protocols and analysis diagnostics. Simulations focus on ocean carbon, other biogeochemical tracers, air-sea exchange of CO2 and related gases, and chemical tracers used to evaluate modeled circulation.
Olivier Aumont, Marco van Hulten, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Jean-Claude Dutay, Christian Éthé, and Marion Gehlen
Biogeosciences, 14, 2321–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2321-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2321-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The marine biological carbon pump is dominated by the vertical transfer of particulate organic carbon (POC) from the surface ocean to its interior. In this study, we explore the impacts of a variable composition of this organic matter using a global ocean biogeochemical model. We show that accounting for a variable lability of POC increases POC concentrations by up to 2 orders of magnitude in the ocean's interior. Furthermore, the amount of carbon that reaches the sediments is twice as large.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Anne Mouchet, Nadine Tisnérat-Laborde, Paolo Montagna, Toste Tanhua, Giuseppe Siani, and Philippe Jean-Baptiste
Biogeosciences, 14, 1197–1213, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1197-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1197-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A high-resolution dynamical model was used to give the first simulation of the distribution of natural and anthropogenic radiocarbon (14C) across the whole Mediterranean Sea. The model correctly simulates the main features of 14C distribution during and after the bomb perturbation. The results demonstrate the major influence of the flux of Atlantic water through the Strait of Gibraltar, and a significant increase in 14C in the Aegean deep water during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient event.
Marco van Hulten, Rob Middag, Jean-Claude Dutay, Hein de Baar, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Marion Gehlen, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Andreas Sterl
Biogeosciences, 14, 1123–1152, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1123-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1123-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We ran a global ocean model to understand manganese (Mn), a biologically essential element. Our model shows that (i) in the deep ocean, dissolved [Mn] is mostly homogeneous ~0.10—0.15 nM. The model reproduces this with a threshold on MnO2 of 25 pM, suggesting a minimal particle concentration is needed before aggregation and removal become efficient.
(ii) The observed distinct hydrothermal signals are produced by assuming both a strong source and a strong removal of Mn near hydrothermal vents.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Thomas Arsouze, Sidonie Révillon, Jonathan Beuvier, and Catherine Jeandel
Biogeosciences, 13, 5259–5276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5259-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5259-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An extensive compilation of published neodymium (Nd) concentrations and isotopic compositions (Nd IC) was realized in order to establish a new database and a map (using a high-resolution geological map of the area) of the distribution of these parameters for all the Mediterranean margins. The use of a high-resolution regional oceanic model (1/12° of horizontal resolution) allows us to realistically simulate for the first time the Nd IC distribution in the Mediterranean Sea.
M. Ayache, J.-C. Dutay, P. Jean-Baptiste, and E. Fourré
Ocean Sci., 11, 965–978, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-965-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-965-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Helium isotopes are a powerful tool in Earth sciences. We present the first simulation of the terrigenic helium isotope distribution in the whole Mediterranean Sea, using a high-resolution model (NEMO-MED12). In addition to providing constraints on helium isotope degassing fluxes in the Mediterranean, our simulations provide information on the ventilation of the deep Mediterranean waters, which are useful for assessing NEMO-MED12 performance.
A. Guyennon, M. Baklouti, F. Diaz, J. Palmieri, J. Beuvier, C. Lebaupin-Brossier, T. Arsouze, K. Béranger, J.-C. Dutay, and T. Moutin
Biogeosciences, 12, 7025–7046, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7025-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7025-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has already been identified as a potentially significant source of carbon export in the Mediterranean Sea, though in situ export estimations are scarce. This work provides a thorough analysis at basin scale of carbon export with the coupled model NEMO-MED12/Eco3M-MED model. The seasonality and the processes of particulate and dissolved carbon production are also investigated. DOC export appears to be dominant in most regions, especially in the eastern basin.
M. Ayache, J.-C. Dutay, P. Jean-Baptiste, K. Beranger, T. Arsouze, J. Beuvier, J. Palmieri, B. Le-vu, and W. Roether
Ocean Sci., 11, 323–342, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-323-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-323-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic tritium invasion, and its decay product helium-3, was simulated for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, using a high-resolution regional model (NEMO-MED12). The simulation covers the entire tritium (3H) transient generated by the atmospheric nuclear weapons tests performed in the 1950s and early 1960s and run until 2011. The model correctly simulates the main features of the thermohaline circulation in the Mediterranean Sea, with a realistic time compared to observations.
J. Palmiéri, J. C. Orr, J.-C. Dutay, K. Béranger, A. Schneider, J. Beuvier, and S. Somot
Biogeosciences, 12, 781–802, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-781-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-781-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Different observational-based estimates of CO2 uptake and resulting
acidification of the Mediterranean Sea vary widely. A new study finds
that even the smallest of those are an upper limit because the approach
used assumes air-sea CO2 equilibrium. Then with a lower limit from new
fine-scale numerical model simulations, the authors bracket
Mediterranean Sea CO2 uptake and acidification rates. They conclude that
its rate of surface acidifcation is much like that for typical ocean
waters.
M. M. P. van Hulten, A. Sterl, R. Middag, H. J. W. de Baar, M. Gehlen, J.-C. Dutay, and A. Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 11, 3757–3779, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3757-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3757-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Oceanography
Resolution dependence of interlinked Southern Ocean biases in global coupled HadGEM3 models
A new global high-resolution wave model for the tropical ocean using WAVEWATCH III version 7.14
sedInterFoam 1.0: a three-phase numerical model for sediment transport applications with free surfaces
The Ross Sea and Amundsen Sea Ice–Sea Model (RAISE v1.0): a high-resolution ocean–sea ice–ice shelf coupling model for simulating the Dense Shelf Water and Antarctic Bottom Water in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Sensitivity of the tropical Atlantic to vertical mixing in two ocean models (ICON-O v2.6.6 and FESOM v2.5)
HIDRA3: a deep-learning model for multipoint ensemble sea level forecasting in the presence of tide gauge sensor failures
A wave-resolving two-dimensional vertical Lagrangian approach to model microplastic transport in nearshore waters based on TrackMPD 3.0
HOTSSea v1: a NEMO-based physical Hindcast of the Salish Sea (1980–2018) supporting ecosystem model development
Comparing an idealized deterministic-stochastic model (SUP model, version 1) of the tide-and-wind driven sea surface currents in the Gulf of Trieste to HF Radar observations
Impacts of CICE sea ice model and ERA atmosphere on an Antarctic MetROMS ocean model, MetROMS-UHel-v1.0
DalROMS-NWA12 v1.0, a coupled circulation–ice–biogeochemistry modelling system for the northwest Atlantic Ocean: development and validation
A revised ocean mixed layer model for better simulating the diurnal variation in ocean skin temperature
Evaluating an accelerated forcing approach for improving computational efficiency in coupled ice sheet–ocean modelling
An optimal transformation method for inferring ocean tracer sources and sinks
PPCon 1.0: Biogeochemical-Argo profile prediction with 1D convolutional networks
Updates to the Met Office’s global ocean-sea ice forecasting system including model and data assimilation changes
Using automatic calibration to improve the physics behind complex numerical models: An example from a 3D lake model using Delft3d (v6.02.10) and DYNO-PODS (v1.0)
Wave forecast investigations on downscaling, source terms, and tides for Aotearoa New Zealand
An Effective Communication Topology for Performance Optimization: A Case Study of the Finite Volume WAve Modeling (FVWAM)
Experimental design for the Marine Ice Sheet–Ocean Model Intercomparison Project – phase 2 (MISOMIP2)
Development of a total variation diminishing (TVD) sea ice transport scheme and its application in an ocean (SCHISM v5.11) and sea ice (Icepack v1.3.4) coupled model on unstructured grids
Spurious numerical mixing under strong tidal forcing: a case study in the south-east Asian seas using the Symphonie model (v3.1.2)
Modelling the water isotope distribution in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution oceanic model (NEMO-MED12-watiso v1.0): evaluation of model results against in situ observations
LIGHT-bgcArgo-1.0: using synthetic float capabilities in E3SMv2 to assess spatiotemporal variability in ocean physics and biogeochemistry
GREAT v1.0: Global Real-time Early Assessment of Tsunamis
PIBM 1.0: An individual-based model for simulating phytoplankton acclimation, diversity, and evolution in the ocean
Towards a real-time modeling of global ocean waves by the fully GPU-accelerated spectral wave model WAM6-GPU v1.0
A simple approach to represent precipitation-derived freshwater fluxes into nearshore ocean models: an FVCOM4.1 case study of Quatsino Sound, British Columbia
An optimal transformation method applied to diagnose the ocean carbon budget
Implementation and assessment of a model including mixotrophs and the carbonate cycle (Eco3M_MIX-CarbOx v1.0) in a highly dynamic Mediterranean coastal environment (Bay of Marseille, France) – Part 2: Towards a better representation of total alkalinity when modeling the carbonate system and air–sea CO2 fluxes
Development of a novel storm surge inundation model framework for efficient prediction
Skin sea surface temperature schemes in coupled ocean–atmosphere modelling: the impact of chlorophyll-interactive e-folding depth
DELWAVE 1.0: deep learning surrogate model of surface wave climate in the Adriatic Basin
StraitFlux – precise computations of water strait fluxes on various modeling grids
Comparison of the Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model (CROCO) and NCAR-LES in non-hydrostatic simulations
Intercomparisons of Tracker v1.1 and four other ocean particle-tracking software packages in the Regional Ocean Modeling System
CAR36, a regional high-resolution ocean forecasting system for improving drift and beaching of Sargassum in the Caribbean archipelago
Implementation of additional spectral wave field exchanges in a three-dimensional wave–current coupled WAVEWATCH-III (version 6.07) and CROCO (version 1.2) configuration: assessment of their implications for macro-tidal coastal hydrodynamics
Comparison of 4-dimensional variational and ensemble optimal interpolation data assimilation systems using a Regional Ocean Modeling System (v3.4) configuration of the eddy-dominated East Australian Current system
LOCATE v1.0: numerical modelling of floating marine debris dispersion in coastal regions using Parcels v2.4.2
New insights into the South China Sea throughflow and water budget seasonal cycle: evaluation and analysis of a high-resolution configuration of the ocean model SYMPHONIE version 2.4
MQGeometry-1.0: a multi-layer quasi-geostrophic solver on non-rectangular geometries
Parameter estimation for ocean background vertical diffusivity coefficients in the Community Earth System Model (v1.2.1) and its impact on El Niño–Southern Oscillation forecasts
Great Lakes wave forecast system on high-resolution unstructured meshes
Impact of increased resolution on Arctic Ocean simulations in Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (OMIP-2)
A high-resolution physical–biogeochemical model for marine resource applications in the northwest Atlantic (MOM6-COBALT-NWA12 v1.0)
A flexible z-layers approach for the accurate representation of free surface flows in a coastal ocean model (SHYFEM v. 7_5_71)
Implementation and assessment of a model including mixotrophs and the carbonate cycle (Eco3M_MIX-CarbOx v1.0) in a highly dynamic Mediterranean coastal environment (Bay of Marseille, France) – Part 1: Evolution of ecosystem composition under limited light and nutrient conditions
Ocean wave tracing v.1: a numerical solver of the wave ray equations for ocean waves on variable currents at arbitrary depths
Design and evaluation of an efficient high-precision ocean surface wave model with a multiscale grid system (MSG_Wav1.0)
David Storkey, Pierre Mathiot, Michael J. Bell, Dan Copsey, Catherine Guiavarc'h, Helene T. Hewitt, Jeff Ridley, and Malcolm J. Roberts
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2725–2745, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2725-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2725-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Ocean is a key region of the world ocean in the context of climate change studies. We show that the Met Office Hadley Centre coupled model with intermediate ocean resolution struggles to accurately simulate the Southern Ocean. Increasing the frictional drag that the seafloor exerts on ocean currents and introducing a representation of unresolved ocean eddies both appear to reduce the large-scale biases in this model.
Axelle Gaffet, Xavier Bertin, Damien Sous, Héloïse Michaud, Aron Roland, and Emmanuel Cordier
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1929–1946, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1929-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1929-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new global wave model that improves predictions of sea states in tropical areas by using a high-resolution grid and corrected wind fields. The model is validated globally with satellite data and nearshore using in situ data. The model allows for the first time direct comparisons with in situ data collected at 10–30 m water depth, which is very close to shore due to the steep slope usually surrounding volcanic islands.
Antoine Mathieu, Yeulwoo Kim, Tian-Jian Hsu, Cyrille Bonamy, and Julien Chauchat
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1561–1573, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1561-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1561-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Most of the tools available to model sediment transport do not account for complex physical mechanisms such as surface-wave-driven processes. In this study, a new model, sedInterFoam, allows us to reproduce numerically complex configurations in order to investigate coastal sediment transport applications dominated by surface waves and to gain insight into the complex physical processes associated with breaking waves and morphodynamics.
Zhaoru Zhang, Chuan Xie, Chuning Wang, Yuanjie Chen, Heng Hu, and Xiaoqiao Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1375–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1375-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1375-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A coupled fine-resolution ocean–ice model is developed for the Ross Sea and adjacent regions in Antarctica, a key area for the formation of global ocean bottom water, the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which affects global ocean circulation. The model has a high skill level in simulating sea ice production driving the AABW source water formation and AABW properties when assessed against observations. A model experiment shows a significant impact of ice shelf melting on the AABW characteristics.
Swantje Bastin, Aleksei Koldunov, Florian Schütte, Oliver Gutjahr, Marta Agnieszka Mrozowska, Tim Fischer, Radomyra Shevchenko, Arjun Kumar, Nikolay Koldunov, Helmuth Haak, Nils Brüggemann, Rebecca Hummels, Mia Sophie Specht, Johann Jungclaus, Sergey Danilov, Marcus Dengler, and Markus Jochum
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1189–1220, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1189-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1189-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical mixing is an important process, for example, for tropical sea surface temperature, but cannot be resolved by ocean models. Comparisons of mixing schemes and settings have usually been done with a single model, sometimes yielding conflicting results. We systematically compare two widely used schemes with different parameter settings in two different ocean models and show that most effects from mixing scheme parameter changes are model-dependent.
Marko Rus, Hrvoje Mihanović, Matjaž Ličer, and Matej Kristan
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 605–620, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-605-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-605-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
HIDRA3 is a deep-learning model for predicting sea levels and storm surges, offering significant improvements over previous models and numerical simulations. It utilizes data from multiple tide gauges, enhancing predictions even with limited historical data and during sensor outages. With its advanced architecture, HIDRA3 outperforms current state-of-the-art models by achieving a mean absolute error of up to 15 % lower, proving effective for coastal flood forecasting under diverse conditions.
Isabel Jalón-Rojas, Damien Sous, and Vincent Marieu
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 319–336, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-319-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-319-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a novel modeling approach for understanding microplastic transport in coastal waters. The model accurately replicates experimental data and reveals key transport mechanisms. The findings enhance our knowledge of how microplastics move in nearshore environments, aiding in coastal management and efforts to combat plastic pollution globally.
Greig Oldford, Tereza Jarníková, Villy Christensen, and Michael Dunphy
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 211–237, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-211-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-211-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a 3D ocean model called the Hindcast of the Salish Sea (HOTSSea v1) that recreates physical conditions throughout the Salish Sea from 1980 to 2018. It was not clear that acceptable accuracy could be achieved because of computational and data limitations, but the model's predictions agreed well with observations. When we used the model to examine ocean temperature trends in areas that lack observations, it indicated that some seasons and areas are warming faster than others.
Sofia Flora, Laura Ursella, and Achim Wirth
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3391, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3391, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a hierarchy of idealized deterministic-stochastic models to simulate the sea surface currents in the Gulf of Trieste. They include tide-and-wind driven sea surface current components, resolving the slowly varying part of the flow and a stochastic signal, representing the fast-varying small-scale dynamics. The comparison with High Frequency Radar observations shows that the non-Gaussian stochastic model captures the essential dynamics and permits to mimic the observed fat-tailed PDF.
Cecilia Äijälä, Yafei Nie, Lucía Gutiérrez-Loza, Chiara De Falco, Siv Kari Lauvset, Bin Cheng, David A. Bailey, and Petteri Uotila
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-213, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-213, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
The sea ice around Antarctica has experienced record lows in recent years. To understand these changes, models are needed. MetROMS-UHel is a new version of an ocean–sea ice model with updated sea ice code and the atmospheric data. We investigate the effect of our updates on different variables with a focus on sea ice and show an improved sea ice representation as compared with observations.
Kyoko Ohashi, Arnaud Laurent, Christoph Renkl, Jinyu Sheng, Katja Fennel, and Eric Oliver
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8697–8733, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8697-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8697-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a modelling system of the northwest Atlantic Ocean that simulates the currents, temperature, salinity, and parts of the biochemical cycle of the ocean, as well as sea ice. The system combines advanced, open-source models and can be used to study, for example, the ocean capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is a key process in the global climate. The system produces realistic results, and we use it to investigate the roles of tides and sea ice in the northwest Atlantic Ocean.
Eui-Jong Kang, Byung-Ju Sohn, Sang-Woo Kim, Wonho Kim, Young-Cheol Kwon, Seung-Bum Kim, Hyoung-Wook Chun, and Chao Liu
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8553–8568, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8553-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8553-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea surface temperature (SST) is vital in climate, weather, and ocean sciences because it influences air–sea interactions. Errors in the ECMWF model's scheme for predicting ocean skin temperature prompted a revision of the ocean mixed layer model. Validation against infrared measurements and buoys showed a good correlation with minimal deviations. The revised model accurately simulates SST variations and aligns with solar radiation distributions, showing promise for weather and climate models.
Qin Zhou, Chen Zhao, Rupert Gladstone, Tore Hattermann, David Gwyther, and Benjamin Galton-Fenzi
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8243–8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8243-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8243-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce an accelerated forcing approach to address timescale discrepancies between the ice sheets and ocean components in coupled modelling by reducing the ocean simulation duration. The approach is evaluated using idealized coupled models, and its limitations in real-world applications are discussed. Our results suggest it can be a valuable tool for process-oriented coupled ice sheet–ocean modelling and downscaling climate simulations with such models.
Jan D. Zika and Taimoor Sohail
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8049–8068, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a method to relate fluxes of heat and freshwater at the sea surface to the resulting distribution of seawater among categories such as warm and salty or cold and salty. The method exploits the laws that govern how heat and salt change when water mixes. The method will allow the climate community to improve estimates of how much heat the ocean is absorbing and how rainfall and evaporation are changing across the globe.
Gloria Pietropolli, Luca Manzoni, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7347–7364, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring the ocean is essential for studying marine life and human impact. Our new software, PPCon, uses ocean data to predict key factors like nitrate and chlorophyll levels, which are hard to measure directly. By leveraging machine learning, PPCon offers more accurate and efficient predictions.
Davi Mignac, Jennifer Waters, Daniel J. Lea, Matthew J. Martin, James While, Anthony T. Weaver, Arthur Vidard, Catherine Guiavarc’h, Dave Storkey, David Ford, Edward W. Blockley, Jonathan Baker, Keith Haines, Martin R. Price, Michael J. Bell, and Richard Renshaw
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3143, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3143, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We describe major improvements of the Met Office's global ocean-sea ice forecasting system. The models and the way observations are used to improve the forecasts were changed, which led to a significant error reduction of 1-day forecasts. The new system performance in past conditions, where sub-surface observations are scarce, was improved with more consistent ocean heat content estimates. The new system will be of better use for climate studies and will provide improved forecasts for end users.
Marina Amadori, Abolfazl Irani Rahaghi, Damien Bouffard, and Marco Toffolon
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-118, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Models simplify reality using assumptions, which can sometimes introduce flaws and affect their accuracy. Properly calibrating model parameters is essential, and although automated tools can speed up this process, they may occasionally produce incorrect values due to inconsistencies in the model. We demonstrate that by carefully applying automated tools, we were able to identify and correct a flaw in a widely used model for lake environments.
Rafael Santana, Richard Gorman, Emily Lane, Stuart Moore, Cyprien Bosserelle, Glen Reeve, and Christo Rautenbach
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-110, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-110, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
This research explores improving wave forecasts in New Zealand, particularly at Banks Peninsula and Baring Head. We used detailed models, finding that forecasts at Baring Head improved significantly due to its strong tidal currents, but changes at Banks Peninsula were minimal. The study demonstrates that local conditions greatly influence the effectiveness of wave prediction models, highlighting the need for tailored approaches in coastal forecasting to enhance accuracy in the predictions.
Renbo Pang, Fujiang Yu, Yuanyong Gao, Ye Yuan, Liang Yuan, and Zhiyi Gao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2515, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2515, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The application of the distributed graph communication topology in earth models has been rarely studied. We tested and compared this topology with the traditional point-to-point communication method using a global wave model. We found that this topology is more efficient. Additionally, using this topology can greatly improve the performance of the wave model and could help improve the performance of other earth models.
Jan De Rydt, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Yoshihiro Nakayama, Mathias van Caspel, Ralph Timmermann, Pierre Mathiot, Xylar S. Asay-Davis, Hélène Seroussi, Pierre Dutrieux, Ben Galton-Fenzi, David Holland, and Ronja Reese
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7105–7139, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global climate models do not reliably simulate sea-level change due to ice-sheet–ocean interactions. We propose a community modelling effort to conduct a series of well-defined experiments to compare models with observations and study how models respond to a range of perturbations in climate and ice-sheet geometry. The second Marine Ice Sheet–Ocean Model Intercomparison Project will continue to lay the groundwork for including ice-sheet–ocean interactions in global-scale IPCC-class models.
Qian Wang, Yang Zhang, Fei Chai, Y. Joseph Zhang, and Lorenzo Zampieri
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7067–7081, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7067-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7067-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We coupled an unstructured hydro-model with an advanced column sea ice model to meet the growing demand for increased resolution and complexity in unstructured sea ice models. Additionally, we present a novel tracer transport scheme for the sea ice coupled model and demonstrate that this scheme fulfills the requirements for conservation, accuracy, efficiency, and monotonicity in an idealized test. Our new coupled model also has good performance in realistic tests.
Adrien Garinet, Marine Herrmann, Patrick Marsaleix, and Juliette Pénicaud
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6967–6986, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6967-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6967-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mixing is a crucial aspect of the ocean, but its accurate representation in computer simulations is made challenging by errors that result in unwanted mixing, compromising simulation realism. Here we illustrate the spurious effect that tides can have on simulations of south-east Asia. Although they play an important role in determining the state of the ocean, they can increase numerical errors and make simulation outputs less realistic. We also provide insights into how to reduce these errors.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Anne Mouchet, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Camille Risi, and Gilles Ramstein
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6627–6655, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotopes (δ18O, δD) are one of the most widely used proxies in ocean climate research. Previous studies using water isotope observations and modelling have highlighted the importance of understanding spatial and temporal isotopic variability for a quantitative interpretation of these tracers. Here we present the first results of a high-resolution regional dynamical model (at 1/12° horizontal resolution) developed for the Mediterranean Sea, one of the hotspots of ongoing climate change.
Cara Nissen, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Mathew Maltrud, Alison R. Gray, Yohei Takano, Kristen Falcinelli, Jade Sauvé, and Katherine Smith
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6415–6435, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Autonomous profiling floats have provided unprecedented observational coverage of the global ocean, but uncertainties remain about whether their sampling frequency and density capture the true spatiotemporal variability of physical, biogeochemical, and biological properties. Here, we present the novel synthetic biogeochemical float capabilities of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 and demonstrate their utility as a test bed to address these uncertainties.
Usama Kadri, Ali Abdolali, and Maxim Filimonov
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-139, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
The GREAT v1.0 software introduces a novel tsunami warning technology for global real-time analysis. It leverages acoustic signals generated by tsunamis, which propagate faster than the tsunami itself, enabling real-time detection and assessment. Integrating various models, the software provides reliable and rapid assessment, mapping risk areas, and estimating tsunami amplitude. This advancement reduces false alarms and enhances global tsunami warning systems' accuracy and efficiency.
Iria Sala and Bingzhang Chen
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-130, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-130, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton, tiny photosynthetic organisms, produce nearly half of Earth's oxygen. To analyze their physiology, diversity, and evolution in the ocean, we developed a model that treats phytoplankton as individual particles. Moreover, our model considers phytoplankton size, temperature, and light traits, and allows for mutations in phytoplankton cells. Thus, our model provides a valuable tool for advancing the study of phytoplankton physiology, diversity, and evolution.
Ye Yuan, Fujiang Yu, Zhi Chen, Xueding Li, Fang Hou, Yuanyong Gao, Zhiyi Gao, and Renbo Pang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6123–6136, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate and timely forecasting of ocean waves is of great importance to the safety of marine transportation and offshore engineering. In this study, GPU-accelerated computing is introduced in WAve Modeling Cycle 6 (WAM6). With this effort, global high-resolution wave simulations can now run on GPUs up to tens of times faster than the currently available models can on a CPU node with results that are just as accurate.
Krysten Rutherford, Laura Bianucci, and William Floyd
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6083–6104, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6083-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6083-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nearshore ocean models often lack complete information about freshwater fluxes due to numerous ungauged rivers and streams. We tested a simple rain-based hydrological model as inputs into an ocean model of Quatsino Sound, Canada, with the aim of improving the representation of the land–ocean connection in the nearshore model. Through multiple tests, we found that the performance of the ocean model improved when providing 60 % or more of the freshwater inputs from the simple runoff model.
Neill Mackay, Taimoor Sohail, Jan David Zika, Richard G. Williams, Oliver Andrews, and Andrew James Watson
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5987–6005, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, mitigating climate change, but estimates of the uptake do not always agree. There is a need to reconcile these differing estimates and to improve our understanding of ocean carbon uptake. We present a new method for estimating ocean carbon uptake and test it with model data. The method effectively diagnoses the ocean carbon uptake from limited data and therefore shows promise for reconciling different observational estimates.
Lucille Barré, Frédéric Diaz, Thibaut Wagener, Camille Mazoyer, Christophe Yohia, and Christel Pinazo
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5851–5882, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5851-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The carbonate system is typically studied using measurements, but modeling can contribute valuable insights. Using a biogeochemical model, we propose a new representation of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, pCO2, and pH in a highly dynamic Mediterranean coastal area, the Bay of Marseille, a useful addition to measurements. Through a detailed analysis of pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes, we show that variations are strongly impacted by the hydrodynamic processes that affect the bay.
Xuanxuan Gao, Shuiqing Li, Dongxue Mo, Yahao Liu, and Po Hu
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5497–5509, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Storm surges generate coastal inundation and expose populations and properties to danger. We developed a novel storm surge inundation model for efficient prediction. Estimates compare well with in situ measurements and results from a numerical model. The new model is a significant improvement on existing numerical models, with much higher computational efficiency and stability, which allows timely disaster prevention and mitigation.
Vincenzo de Toma, Daniele Ciani, Yassmin Hesham Essa, Chunxue Yang, Vincenzo Artale, Andrea Pisano, Davide Cavaliere, Rosalia Santoleri, and Andrea Storto
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5145–5165, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores methods to reconstruct diurnal variations in skin sea surface temperature in a model of the Mediterranean Sea. Our new approach, considering chlorophyll concentration, enhances spatial and temporal variations in the warm layer. Comparative analysis shows context-dependent improvements. The proposed "chlorophyll-interactive" method brings the surface net total heat flux closer to zero annually, despite a net heat loss from the ocean to the atmosphere.
Peter Mlakar, Antonio Ricchi, Sandro Carniel, Davide Bonaldo, and Matjaž Ličer
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4705–4725, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new point-prediction model, the DEep Learning WAVe Emulating model (DELWAVE), which successfully emulates the Simulating WAves Nearshore model (SWAN) over synoptic to climate timescales. Compared to control climatology over all wind directions, the mismatch between DELWAVE and SWAN is generally small compared to the difference between scenario and control conditions, suggesting that the noise introduced by surrogate modelling is substantially weaker than the climate change signal.
Susanna Winkelbauer, Michael Mayer, and Leopold Haimberger
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4603–4620, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4603-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4603-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oceanic transports shape the global climate, but the evaluation and validation of this key quantity based on reanalysis and model data are complicated by the distortion of the used modelling grids and the large number of different grid types. We present two new methods that allow the calculation of oceanic fluxes of volume, heat, salinity, and ice through almost arbitrary sections for various models and reanalyses that are independent of the used modelling grids.
Xiaoyu Fan, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Qing Li, Patrick Marchesiello, Peter P. Sullivan, and Paul S. Hall
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4095–4113, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4095-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4095-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of the oceanic turbulent boundary layer using the nonhydrostatic CROCO ROMS and NCAR-LES models are compared. CROCO and the NCAR-LES are accurate in a similar manner, but CROCO’s additional features (e.g., nesting and realism) and its compressible turbulence formulation carry additional costs.
Jilian Xiong and Parker MacCready
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3341–3356, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The new offline particle tracking package, Tracker v1.1, is introduced to the Regional Ocean Modeling System, featuring an efficient nearest-neighbor algorithm to enhance particle-tracking speed. Its performance was evaluated against four other tracking packages and passive dye. Despite unique features, all packages yield comparable results. Running multiple packages within the same circulation model allows comparison of their performance and ease of use.
Sylvain Cailleau, Laurent Bessières, Léonel Chiendje, Flavie Dubost, Guillaume Reffray, Jean-Michel Lellouche, Simon van Gennip, Charly Régnier, Marie Drevillon, Marc Tressol, Matthieu Clavier, Julien Temple-Boyer, and Léo Berline
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3157–3173, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3157-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3157-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In order to improve Sargassum drift forecasting in the Caribbean area, drift models can be forced by higher-resolution ocean currents. To this goal a 3 km resolution regional ocean model has been developed. Its assessment is presented with a particular focus on the reproduction of fine structures representing key features of the Caribbean region dynamics and Sargassum transport. The simulated propagation of a North Brazil Current eddy and its dissipation was found to be quite realistic.
Gaetano Porcile, Anne-Claire Bennis, Martial Boutet, Sophie Le Bot, Franck Dumas, and Swen Jullien
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2829–2853, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2829-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2829-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here a new method of modelling the interaction between ocean currents and waves is presented. We developed an advanced coupling of two models, one for ocean currents and one for waves. In previous couplings, some wave-related calculations were based on simplified assumptions. Our method uses more complex calculations to better represent wave–current interactions. We tested it in a macro-tidal coastal area and found that it significantly improves the model accuracy, especially during storms.
Colette Gabrielle Kerry, Moninya Roughan, Shane Keating, David Gwyther, Gary Brassington, Adil Siripatana, and Joao Marcos A. C. Souza
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2359–2386, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2359-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2359-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean forecasting relies on the combination of numerical models and ocean observations through data assimilation (DA). Here we assess the performance of two DA systems in a dynamic western boundary current, the East Australian Current, across a common modelling and observational framework. We show that the more advanced, time-dependent method outperforms the time-independent method for forecast horizons of 5 d. This advocates the use of advanced methods for highly variable oceanic regions.
Ivan Hernandez, Leidy M. Castro-Rosero, Manuel Espino, and Jose M. Alsina Torrent
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2221–2245, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2221-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2221-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The LOCATE numerical model was developed to conduct Lagrangian simulations of the transport and dispersion of marine debris at coastal scales. High-resolution hydrodynamic data and a beaching module that used particle distance to the shore for land–water boundary detection were used on a realistic debris discharge scenario comparing hydrodynamic data at various resolutions. Coastal processes and complex geometric structures were resolved when using nested grids and distance-to-shore beaching.
Ngoc B. Trinh, Marine Herrmann, Caroline Ulses, Patrick Marsaleix, Thomas Duhaut, Thai To Duy, Claude Estournel, and R. Kipp Shearman
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1831–1867, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1831-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1831-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A high-resolution model was built to study the South China Sea (SCS) water, heat, and salt budgets. Model performance is demonstrated by comparison with observations and simulations. Important discards are observed if calculating offline, instead of online, lateral inflows and outflows of water, heat, and salt. The SCS mainly receives water from the Luzon Strait and releases it through the Mindoro, Taiwan, and Karimata straits. SCS surface interocean water exchanges are driven by monsoon winds.
Louis Thiry, Long Li, Guillaume Roullet, and Etienne Mémin
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1749–1764, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1749-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1749-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new way of solving the quasi-geostrophic (QG) equations, a simple set of equations describing ocean dynamics. Our method is solely based on the numerical methods used to solve the equations and requires no parameter tuning. Moreover, it can handle non-rectangular geometries, opening the way to study QG equations on realistic domains. We release a PyTorch implementation to ease future machine-learning developments on top of the presented method.
Zheqi Shen, Yihao Chen, Xiaojing Li, and Xunshu Song
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1651–1665, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Parameter estimation is the process that optimizes model parameters using observations, which could reduce model errors and improve forecasting. In this study, we conducted parameter estimation experiments using the CESM and the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. The obtained initial conditions and parameters are used to perform ensemble forecast experiments for ENSO forecasting. The results revealed that parameter estimation could reduce analysis errors and improve ENSO forecast skills.
Ali Abdolali, Saeideh Banihashemi, Jose Henrique Alves, Aron Roland, Tyler J. Hesser, Mary Anderson Bryant, and Jane McKee Smith
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1023–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1023-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1023-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents an overview of the development and implementation of Great Lake Wave Unstructured (GLWUv2.0), including the core model and workflow design and development. The validation was conducted against in situ data for the re-forecasted duration for summer and wintertime (ice season). The article describes the limitations and challenges encountered in the operational environment and the path forward for the next generation of wave forecast systems in enclosed basins like the GL.
Qiang Wang, Qi Shu, Alexandra Bozec, Eric P. Chassignet, Pier Giuseppe Fogli, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Andy McC. Hogg, Doroteaciro Iovino, Andrew E. Kiss, Nikolay Koldunov, Julien Le Sommer, Yiwen Li, Pengfei Lin, Hailong Liu, Igor Polyakov, Patrick Scholz, Dmitry Sidorenko, Shizhu Wang, and Xiaobiao Xu
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 347–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing resolution improves model skills in simulating the Arctic Ocean, but other factors such as parameterizations and numerics are at least of the same importance for obtaining reliable simulations.
Andrew C. Ross, Charles A. Stock, Alistair Adcroft, Enrique Curchitser, Robert Hallberg, Matthew J. Harrison, Katherine Hedstrom, Niki Zadeh, Michael Alexander, Wenhao Chen, Elizabeth J. Drenkard, Hubert du Pontavice, Raphael Dussin, Fabian Gomez, Jasmin G. John, Dujuan Kang, Diane Lavoie, Laure Resplandy, Alizée Roobaert, Vincent Saba, Sang-Ik Shin, Samantha Siedlecki, and James Simkins
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6943–6985, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6943-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6943-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate a model for northwest Atlantic Ocean dynamics and biogeochemistry that balances high resolution with computational economy by building on the new regional features in the MOM6 ocean model and COBALT biogeochemical model. We test the model's ability to simulate impactful historical variability and find that the model simulates the mean state and variability of most features well, which suggests the model can provide information to inform living-marine-resource applications.
Luca Arpaia, Christian Ferrarin, Marco Bajo, and Georg Umgiesser
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6899–6919, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a discrete multilayer shallow water model based on z-layers which, thanks to the insertion and removal of surface layers, can deal with an arbitrarily large tidal oscillation independently of the vertical resolution. The algorithm is based on a two-step procedure used in numerical simulations with moving boundaries (grid movement followed by a grid topology change, that is, the insertion/removal of surface layers), which avoids the appearance of very thin surface layers.
Lucille Barré, Frédéric Diaz, Thibaut Wagener, France Van Wambeke, Camille Mazoyer, Christophe Yohia, and Christel Pinazo
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6701–6739, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6701-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6701-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
While several studies have shown that mixotrophs play a crucial role in the carbon cycle, the impact of environmental forcings on their dynamics remains poorly investigated. Using a biogeochemical model that considers mixotrophs, we study the impact of light and nutrient concentration on the ecosystem composition in a highly dynamic Mediterranean coastal area: the Bay of Marseille. We show that mixotrophs cope better with oligotrophic conditions compared to strict auto- and heterotrophs.
Trygve Halsne, Kai Håkon Christensen, Gaute Hope, and Øyvind Breivik
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6515–6530, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6515-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6515-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Surface waves that propagate in oceanic or coastal environments get influenced by their surroundings. Changes in the ambient current or the depth profile affect the wave propagation path, and the change in wave direction is called refraction. Some analytical solutions to the governing equations exist under ideal conditions, but for realistic situations, the equations must be solved numerically. Here we present such a numerical solver under an open-source license.
Jiangyu Li, Shaoqing Zhang, Qingxiang Liu, Xiaolin Yu, and Zhiwei Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6393–6412, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean surface waves play an important role in the air–sea interface but are rarely activated in high-resolution Earth system simulations due to their expensive computational costs. To alleviate this situation, this paper designs a new wave modeling framework with a multiscale grid system. Evaluations of a series of numerical experiments show that it has good feasibility and applicability in the WAVEWATCH III model, WW3, and can achieve the goals of efficient and high-precision wave simulation.
Cited articles
Anderson, R.: Chemical tracers of particle transport, Treatise on
Geochemistry, 6, 247–273, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/06111-9, 2003. a
Anderson, R., Bacon, M., and Brewer, P.: Removal of 230Th and
231Pa
from the open ocean, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 62, 7–23,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90067-5, 1983. a
Arsouze, T., Dutay, J.-C., Kageyama, M., Lacan, F., Alkama, R., Marti, O.,
and Jeandel, C.: A modeling sensitivity study of the influence of the
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on neodymium isotopic composition
at the Last Glacial Maximum, Clim. Past, 4, 191–203,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-191-2008, 2008. a
Arsouze, T., Dutay, J.-C., Lacan, F., and Jeandel, C.: Reconstructing the Nd oceanic cycle using a coupled dynamical –
biogeochemical model, Biogeosciences, 6, 2829–2846, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2829-2009, 2009. a, b, c
Ayache, M., Dutay, J.-C., Arsouze, T., Révillon, S., Beuvier, J., and
Jeandel, C.: High-resolution neodymium characterization along the
Mediterranean margins and modelling of eNd distribution in the Mediterranean
basins, Biogeosciences, 13, 5259–5276,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5259-2016, 2016. a
Bacon, M. and Anderson, R.: Distribution of Thorium Isotopes Between
Dissolved
and Particulate Forms in The Deep Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 2045–2056,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JC087iC03p02045, 1982. a
Biastoch, A., Böning, C. W., Getzlaff, J., Molines, J.-M., and Madec, G.:
Causes of Interannual–Decadal Variability in the Meridional Overturning
Circulation of the Midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean, J. Climate, 21,
6599–6615, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2404.1, 2008. a
Böhm, E., Lippold, J., Gutjahr, M., Frank, M., Blaser, P., Antz, B.,
Fohlmeister, J., Frank, N., Andersen, M. B., and Deininger, M.: Strong and
deep Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial
cycle, Nature, 517, 73–76, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14059, 2015. a
Broecker, W. S., Andree, M., Bonani, G., Wolfli, W., Oeschger, H., Klas, M.,
Mix, A., and Curry, W.: Preliminary estimates for the radiocarbon age of deep
water in the glacial ocean, Paleoceanography, 3, 659–669,
https://doi.org/10.1029/PA003i006p00659, 1988. a
Brun-Cottan, J. C., Auger, R., Lambere, C. E., and Chesselet, R.: Sources and
transport of suspended calcites in Pacific Deep Water, J. Mar. Res., 49,
543–564, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224091784995837, 1991. a, b
Burckel, P., Waelbroeck, C., Gherardi, J. M., Pichat, S., Arz, H., Lippold,
J.,
Dokken, T., and Thil, F.: Atlantic Ocean circulation changes preceded
millennial tropical South America rainfall events during the last glacial,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 411–418, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062512,
2014GL062512, 2015. a
Burckel, P., Waelbroeck, C., Luo, Y., Roche, D. M., Pichat, S., Jaccard, S.
L., Gherardi, J., Govin, A., Lippold, J., and Thil, F.: Changes in the
geometry and strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
during the last glacial (20–50 ka), Clim. Past, 12, 2061–2075,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2061-2016, 2016. a
Chuang, C.-Y., Santschi, P. H., Jiang, Y., Ho, Y.-F., Quigg, A., Guo, L.,
Ayranov, M., and Schumann, D.: Important role of biomolecules from diatoms in
the scavenging of particle-reactive radionuclides of thorium, protactinium,
lead, polonium, and beryllium in the ocean: A case study with Phaeodactylum
tricornutum, Limnol. Oceanogr., 59, 1256–1266,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.4.1256, 2014. a
Cunningham, S., Kanzow, T., Rayner, D., Baringer, M., Johns, W., Marotzke,
J.,
Longworth, H., Grant, E., Hirschi, J.-M., Beal, L., Meinen, C. S., and Bryden, H. L.: Temporal
variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at
26.5∘ N, Science, 317, 935–938, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141304, 2007. a
Deng, F., Thomas, A. L., Rijkenberg, M. J., and Henderson, G. M.: Controls on
seawater 231Pa, 230Th and 232Th concentrations along the flow
paths of deep waters in the Southwest Atlantic, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
390, 93–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.038, 2014. a
Donohue, K. A., Tracey, K. L., Watts, D. R., Chidichimo, M. P., and
Chereskin,
T. K.: Mean Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport measured in Drake
Passage, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 11760–11767,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070319, 2016. a
Druffel, E., Williams, P., Bauer, J., and Ertel, J.: Cycling of dissolved and
particulate organic matter in the open ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97,
15639–15659, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JC01511,
1992. a, b
Dunk, R., Mills, R., and Jenkins, W.: A reevaluation of the oceanic uranium
budget for the Holocene, Chem. Geol., 190, 45–67,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00110-9, a
Dutay, J., Bullister, J., Doney, S., Orr, J., Najjar, R., Caldeira, K.,
Campin,
J., Drange, H., Follows, M., Gao, Y., Gruber, N., Hecht, M. W., Ishida, A., Joos, F., Lindsay, K., Madec, G., Maier-Reimer, E., Marshall, J. C., Matear, R. J., Monfray, P.,
Mouchet, A., Plattner, G.-K., Sarmiento, J., Schlitzer, R., Slater, R., Totterdell, I. J., Weirig, M.-F., Yamanaka, Y., and Yool, A.: Evaluation of ocean model
ventilation with CFC-11, Ocean Model., 4, 89–120,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1463-5003(01)00013-0, 2002. a
Dutay, J., Lacan, F., Roy-Barman, M., and Bopp, L.: Influence of particle
size
and type on 231Pa and 230Th simulation with a global coupled
biogeochemical-ocean general circulation model: A first approach, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 10, Q01011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002291, 2009. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o
Dutay, J., Tagliabue, A., Kriest, I., and van Hulten, M. M. P.:
Modelling the role of marine particle on large scale 231Pa, 230Th,
Iron and Aluminium distributions, Prog. Oceanogr., 133, 66–72,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.01.010, 2015. a
Gardner, W. D. and Sullivan, L. G.: Benthic storms, Science, 213, 329–331,
1981. a
Gardner, W. D., Tucholke, B. E., Richardson, M. J., and Biscaye, P. E.:
Benthic
storms, nepheloid layers, and linkage with upper ocean dynamics in the
western North Atlantic, Mar. Geol., 385, 304–327,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.12.012, 2017. a
Gehlen, M., Gangstø, R., Schneider, B., Bopp, L., Aumont, O., and Ethe,
C.: The fate of pelagic CaCO3 production in a high CO2 ocean:
a model study, Biogeosciences, 4, 505–519,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-505-2007, 2007. a
Gent, P. and McWilliams, J.: Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models,
J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 150–155,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<0150:IMIOCM>2.0.CO;2, 1990. a
Gent, P., Willebrand, J., McDougall, T., and McWilliams, J.: Parameterizing
eddy-induced tracer transports in ocean circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 463–474,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<0463:PEITTI>2.0.CO;2, 1995. a
German, C. R., Casciotti, K. A., Dutay, J.-C., Heimbürger, L. E.,
Jenkins,
W. J., Measures, C. I., Mills, R. A., Obata, H., Schlitzer, R., Tagliabue,
A., Turner, D. R., and Whitby, H.: Hydrothermal impacts on trace element and
isotope ocean biogeochemistry, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 374, 2081,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0035, 2016. a
Gu, S. and Liu, Z.: 231Pa and 230Th in the ocean model of
the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.3), Geosci. Model Dev., 10,
4723–4742, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4723-2017, 2017. a, b, c
Hauglustaine, D., Hourdin, F., Jourdain, L., Filiberti, M.-A., Walters, S.,
Lamarque, J.-F., and Holland, E.: Interactive chemistry in the Laboratoire de
Météorologie Dynamique general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D04314, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003957, 2004. a, b
Hayes, C. T., Anderson, R. F., Fleisher, M. Q., Serno, S., Winckler, G., and
Gersonde, R.: Quantifying lithogenic inputs to the North Pacific Ocean using
the long-lived thorium isotopes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 383, 16–25,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.025, 2013. a
Hayes, C. T., Anderson, R. F., Fleisher, M. Q., Serno, S., Winckler, G., and
Gersonde, R.: Biogeography in 231Pa∕230Th ratios and a balanced
231Pa budget for the Pacific Ocean, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 391,
307–318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.02.001, 2014. a
Hayes, C. T., Anderson, R. F., Fleisher, M. Q., Huang, K.-F., Robinson,
L. F., Lu, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Moran, S. B.: 230Th
and
231Pa on GEOTRACES GA03, the US GEOTRACES North Atlantic transect, and
implications for modern and paleoceanographic chemical fluxes, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 116, 29–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.07.007, 2015a. a, b, c, d
Hayes, C. T., Anderson, R. F., Fleisher, M. Q., Lam, P. J., Ohnemus, D. C.,
Huang, K.-F., Robinson, L. F., Lu, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Moran,
S. B.: Intensity of Th and Pa scavenging partitioned by particle chemistry in
the North Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Chem., 170, 49–60,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.01.006, 2015b. a, b, c, d, e, f
Heinze, C., Gehlen, M., and Land, C.: On the potential of 230Th,
231Pa, and 10Be for marine rain ratio determinations: A modeling
study, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, gB2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002595, 2006. a
Heinze, C., Ilyina, T., and Gehlen, M.: The potential of 230Th for
detection of ocean acidification impacts on pelagic carbonate production,
Biogeosciences, 15, 3521–3539, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3521-2018, 2018. a
Henderson, G. M. and Anderson, R. F.: The U-series Toolbox for
Paleoceanography, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 52, 493–531,
https://doi.org/10.2113/0520493,
2003. a
Henderson, G. M., Heinze, C., Anderson, R. F., and Winguth, A. M.: Global
distribution of the 230Th flux to ocean sediments constrained by GCM
modelling, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 1861–1893,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00030-8,
1999 (observational data available at:
http://climotope.earth.ox.ac.uk/data_compilations/holocene_231pa230th_dataset_notes_and_references,
last access: 27 August 2018). a, b, c, d
Honeyman, B. D. and Santschi, P. H.: Metals in aquatic systems, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 22, 862–871, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00173a002, 1988. a
Honeyman, B. D., Balistrieri, L. S., and Murray, J. W.: Oceanic trace metal
scavenging, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 35, 227–246,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90038-6, 1988. a, b
Johnson, G. C.: Quantifying Antarctic Bottom Water and North Atlantic Deep
Water volumes, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 113, c05027, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004477,
2008. a
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L.,
Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Leetmaa, A.,
Reynolds, R., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo,
K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D.: The NCEP/NCAR
40-Year Reanalysis Project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437–471,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2, 1996. a
Keir, R. S.: The dissolution kinetics of biogenic calcium carbonates in
seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 44, 241–252,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(80)90135-0, 1980. a
Kistler, R., Collins, W., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Kalnay, E.,
Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Kanamitsu, M., Kousky, V., van den Dool, H., Jenne, R., and Fiorino, M.: The NCEP-NCAR
50-year reanalysis, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82, 247–267,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0247:TNNYRM>2.3.CO;2, 2001. a
Knippertz, P. and Stuut, J.-B. W.: Mineral Dust, Springer Dordrecht
Heidelberg New York London, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8978-3, 2014. a
Kretschmer, S., Geibert, W., van der Loeff, M. M. R., Schnabel, C., Xu, S.,
and Mollenhauer, G.: Fractionation of 230Th, 231Pa, and
10Be
induced by particle size and composition within an opal-rich sediment of the
Atlantic Southern Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 6971–6987,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.09.012, 2011. a
Ku, T.-L., Knauss, K. G., and Mathieu, G. G.: Uranium in open ocean:
concentration and isotopic composition, Deep-Sea Res., 24, 1005–1017,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(77)90571-9, 1977. a
Lam, P. J., Doney, S. C., and Bishop, J. K. B.: The dynamic ocean biological
pump, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 25, GB3009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003868, 2011. a, b, c
Lopez, G. I., Marcantonio, F., Lyle, M., and Lynch-Stieglitz, J.: Dissolved
and
particulate 230Th–232Th in the Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean:
Evidence for far-field transport of the East Pacific Rise hydrothermal plume,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 431, 87–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.019,
2015. a
Luo, Y., Francois, R., and Allen, S. E.: Sediment 231Pa∕230Th
as a recorder of the rate of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: insights from a 2-D model, Ocean Sci., 6, 381–400, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-381-2010, 2010. a, b
Madec, G.: NEMO ocean engine, Note du Pole de Modélisation, Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, 2008. a
Madec, G. and Imbard, M.: A global ocean mesh to overcome the North Pole
singularity, Clim. Dynam., 12, 381–388, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211684, 1996. a
Marchal, O., François, R., Stocker, T., and Joos, F.: Ocean
thermohaline
circulation and sedimentary 231Pa∕230Th ratio, Paleoceanography,
15, 625–641, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000496, 2000. a
Marchal, O., François, R., and Scholten, J.: Contribution of
230Th
measurements to the estimation of the abyssal circulation, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 54, 557–585, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.01.002, 2007. a
Mawji, E., Schlitzer, R., Dodas, E. M., Abadie, C., Abouchami, W., Anderson,
R. F., Baars, O., Bakker, K., Baskaran, M., Bates, N. R., Bluhm, K., Bowie,
A., Bown, J., Boye, M., Boyle, E. A., Branellec, P., Bruland, K. W.,
Brzezinski, M. A., Bucciarelli, E., Buesseler, K., Butler, E., Cai, P.,
Cardinal, D., Casciotti, K., Chaves, J., Cheng, H., Chever, F., Church,
T. M., Colman, A. S., Conway, T. M., Croot, P. L., Cutter, G. A., de Baar,
H. J., de Souza, G. F., Dehairs, F., Deng, F., Dieu, H. T., Dulaquais, G.,
Echegoyen-Sanz, Y., Edwards, R. L., Fahrbach, E., Fitzsimmons, J., Fleisher,
M., Frank, M., Friedrich, J., Fripiat, F., Galer, S. J., Gamo, T., Solsona,
E. G., Gerringa, L. J., Godoy, J. M., Gonzalez, S., Grossteffan, E., Hatta,
M., Hayes, C. T., Heller, M. I., Henderson, G., Huang, K.-F., Jeandel, C.,
Jenkins, W. J., John, S., Kenna, T. C., Klunder, M., Kretschmer, S.,
Kumamoto, Y., Laan, P., Labatut, M., Lacan, F., Lam, P. J., Lannuzel, D.,
le Moigne, F., Lechtenfeld, O. J., Lohan, M. C., Lu, Y., Masqué, P.,
McClain, C. R., Measures, C., Middag, R., Moffett, J., Navidad, A., Nishioka,
J., Noble, A., Obata, H., Ohnemus, D. C., Owens, S., Planchon, F., Pradoux,
C., Puigcorbé, V., Quay, P., Radic, A., Rehkämper, M., Remenyi, T.,
Rijkenberg, M. J., Rintoul, S., Robinson, L. F., Roeske, T., Rosenberg, M.,
Rutgers van der Loeff, M., Ryabenko, E., Saito, M. A., Roshan, S., Salt,
L., Sarthou, G., Schauer, U., Scott, P., Sedwick, P. N., Sha, L., Shiller,
A. M., Sigman, D. M., Smethie, W., Smith, G. J., Sohrin, Y., Speich, S.,
Stichel, T., Stutsman, J., Swift, J. H., Tagliabue, A., Thomas, A., Tsunogai,
U., Twining, B. S., van Aken, H. M., van Heuven, S., van Ooijen, J., van
Weerlee, E., Venchiarutti, C., Voelker, A. H., Wake, B., Warner, M. J.,
Woodward, E. M. S., Wu, J., Wyatt, N., Yoshikawa, H., Zheng, X.-Y., Xue, Z.,
Zieringer, M., and Zimmer, L. A.: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product
2014, Mar. Chem., 177, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.04.005, 2015 (observational data available
at:
http://www.geotraces.org/dp/, last access: 27 August 2018). a
Mouchet, A.: The Ocean Bomb Radiocarbon Inventory Revisited, Radiocarbon, 55,
1580–1594, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200048505, 2013. a
Murray, R.: Explicit generation of orthogonal grids for ocean models, J. Comput. Phys., 126, 251–273, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1996.0136, 1996. a
Owens, S., Buesseler, K., and Sims, K.: Re-evaluating the
238U-salinity
relationship in seawater: Implications for the
238U–234Th
disequilibrium method, Mar. Chem., 127, 31–39,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.07.005, 2011. a
Pavia, F., Anderson, R., Vivancos, S., Fleisher, M., Lam, P., Lu, Y., Cheng,
H., Zhang, P., and Edwards, R. L.: Intense hydrothermal scavenging of
230Th and 231Pa in the deep Southeast Pacific, Mar. Chem.,
201, 212–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.08.003, 2017. a
Piotrowski, A. M., Goldstein, S. L., Hemming, S. R., and Fairbanks, R. G.:
Temporal Relationships of Carbon Cycling and Ocean Circulation at Glacial
Boundaries, Science, 307, 1933–1938, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1104883, 2005. a
Rayner, D., Hirschi, J.-M., Kanzow, T., Johns, W., Wright, P.,
Frajka-Williams,
E., Bryden, H., Meinen, C., Baringer, M., Marotzke, J., Beal, L. M., and Cunningham, S. A.: Monitoring
the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 58,
1744–1753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.056, 2011. a
Rosenthal, Y., Boyle, E. A., and Labeyrie, L.: Last Glacial Maximum
paleochemistry and deepwater circulation in the Southern Ocean: Evidence from
foraminiferal cadmium, Paleoceanography, 12, 787–796,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97PA02508, 1997. a
Roy-Barman, M.: Modelling the effect of boundary scavenging on Thorium and
Protactinium profiles in the ocean, Biogeosciences, 6, 3091–3107,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-3091-2009, 2009. a
Roy-Barman, M., Chen, J., and Wasserburg, G.:
230Th–232Th
systematics in the central Pacific Ocean: The sources and the fates of
thorium, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 139, 351–363,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(96)00017-9, 1996. a, b
Rutgers van der Loeff, M., Venchiarutti, C., Stimac, I.,
van Ooijen, J., Huhn, O., Rohardt, G., and Strass, V.:
Meridional circulation across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current serves as a
double 231Pa and 230Th trap, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 455,
73–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.027, 2016. a, b, c
Schlitzer, R., Anderson, R. F., Masferrer Dodas, E., et al.: The GEOTRACES
Intermediate Data Product 2017, Chem. Geol., 493, 210–223,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.040, 2018. a
Siddall, M., Henderson, G., Edwards, N., Frank, M., Müller, S., Stocker,
T.,
and Joos, F.: 231Pa∕230Th fractionation by ocean transport,
biogenic particle flux and particle type, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 237,
135–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.05.031, 2005. a, b
Siddall, M., Stocker, T. F., Henderson, G. M., Joos, F., Frank, M., Edwards,
N. R., Ritz, S. P., and Müller, S. A.: Modeling the relationship between
231Pa∕230Th distribution in North Atlantic sediment and Atlantic
meridional overturning circulation, Paleoceanography, 22, PA2214,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001358, 2007. a
Sinha, B., Smeed, D., McCarthy, G., Moat, B., Josey, S., Hirschi, J.-M.,
Frajka-Williams, E., Blaker, A., Rayner, D., and Madec, G.: The accuracy of
estimates of the overturning circulation from basin-wide mooring arrays,
Prog. Oceanogr., 160, 101–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.001, 2018. a
Subhas, A. V., Rollins, N. E., Berelson, W. M., Dong, S., Erez, J., and
Adkins,
J. F.: A novel determination of calcite dissolution kinetics in seawater,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 170, 51–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.08.011,
2015. a, b
Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., Roche, D. M., Bouttes, N., Dutay, J.-C., Alkama, R.,
Kageyama, M., Michel, E., and Paillard, D.: Quantifying the roles of ocean
circulation and biogeochemistry in governing ocean carbon-13 and atmospheric
carbon dioxide at the last glacial maximum, Clim. Past, 5, 695–706,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-695-2009, 2009. a
Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., Dutay, J.-C., Bowie, A., Chever, F., Jean-Baptiste,
P., Bucciarelli, E., Lannuzel, D., Remenyi, T., Sarthou, G., Aumont, O.,
Gehlen, M., and Jeandel, C.: Hydrothermal contribution to the oceanic
dissolved iron inventory, Nat. Geosci., 3, 252–256, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO818,
2010. a
Talley, L., Reid, J., and Robbins, P.: Data-based meridional overturning
streamfunctions for the global ocean, J. Climate, 16, 3213–3226,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3213:DMOSFT>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
a
Timmermann, R., Goosse, H., Madec, G., Fichefet, T., Ethé, C., and
Dulière, V.: On the representation of high latitude processes in the
ORCA-LIM global coupled sea ice–ocean model, Ocean Model., 8, 175–201,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.12.009, 2005. a
Middag, R., van Hulten, M. M. P., van Aken, H. M., Rijkenberg, M. J. A.,
Gerringa, L. J. A., Laan, P., and de Baar, H. J. W.:
Dissolved aluminium in the ocean conveyor of the West Atlantic Ocean: Effects of
the biological cycle, scavenging, sediment resuspension and hydrography,
Mar. Chem., 177, 69–86,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.02.015, 2015. a
van der Does, M., Korte, L. F., Munday, C. I., Brummer, G.-J. A., and Stuut,
J.-B. W.: Particle size traces modern Saharan dust transport and deposition
across the equatorial North Atlantic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13697–13710,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13697-2016, 2016. a
van Hulten, M. M. P.: ComPlot: Comparison Plotter to
visually evaluate ocean model simulations, The Journal of Open Source
Software, 2, 368, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00368, 2017. a
van Hulten, M. M. P., Sterl, A., Dutay, J.-C., Tagliabue, A.,
Gehlen, M., de Baar, H. J. W., and Middag, R.: Aluminium in
an ocean general circulation model compared with the West Atlantic GEOTRACES
cruises, J. Marine Syst., 126, 3–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.05.005,
2013. a, b
van Hulten, M. M. P., Sterl, A., Middag, R., de Baar, H. J. W., Gehlen, M.,
Dutay, J.-C., and Tagliabue, A.: On the effects of circulation, sediment
resuspension and biological incorporation by diatoms in an ocean model of
aluminium*, Biogeosciences, 11, 3757–3779,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3757-2014, 2014. a
van Hulten, M. M. P., Dutay, J., and Roy-Barman, M.: Ocean
model of Protactinium, Thorium and Particles (ProThorP),
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009064, software package, 2017a. a
van Hulten, M., Middag, R., Dutay, J.-C., de Baar, H., Roy-Barman, M.,
Gehlen, M., Tagliabue, A., and Sterl, A.: Manganese in the west Atlantic
Ocean in the context of the first global ocean circulation model of
manganese, Biogeosciences, 14, 1123–1152,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1123-2017, 2017b. a
van Hulten, M. M. P., Dutay, J., and Roy-Barman, M.: Output
from a global scavenging and circulation ocean model of thorium-230 and
protactinium-231 (ProThorP 0.1), https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.887261,
2018. a
Venchiarutti, C., Rutgers van der Loeff, M., and Stimac, I.: Scavenging of
231Pa and thorium isotopes based on dissolved and size-fractionated
particulate distributions at Drake Passage (ANTXXIV-3), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II,
58, 2767–2784, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.040, 2011. a, b, c
Yu, E.-F., Francois, R., and Bacon, M. P.: Similar rates of modern and
last-glacial ocean thermohaline circulation inferred, Nature, 379,
689–694,
https://doi.org/10.1038/379689a0, 1996. a
Short summary
We present an ocean model of the natural radioactive isotopes thorium-230 and protactinium-231. These isotopes are often used to investigate past ocean circulation and particle transport. They are removed by particles produced by plankton and from uplifted desert dust that is deposited into the ocean. We approach observed dissolved and adsorbed Th-230 and Pa-231 activities. The Pa-231 / Th-230 sedimentation ratio is reproduced as well; this quantity can be used as a proxy for ocean circulation.
We present an ocean model of the natural radioactive isotopes thorium-230 and protactinium-231....
Special issue