Articles | Volume 14, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4335-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4335-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
09 Jul 2021
Model description paper |
| 09 Jul 2021
| 09 Jul 2021
Recalibrating decadal climate predictions – what is an adequate model for the drift?
Alexander Pasternack
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Jens Grieger
Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Henning W. Rust
Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Uwe Ulbrich
Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Andreas Trojand, Henning W. Rust, and Uwe Ulbrich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2331–2350, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2331-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2331-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The study investigates how the intensity of previous windstorm events and the time between two events affect the vulnerability of residential buildings in Germany. By analyzing 23 years of data, it was found that higher intensity of previous events generally reduces vulnerability in subsequent storms, while shorter intervals between events increase vulnerability. The results emphasize the approach of considering vulnerability in risk assessments as temporally dynamic.
Rike Lorenz, Nico Becker, Barry Gardiner, Uwe Ulbrich, Marc Hanewinkel, and Benjamin Schmitz
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2179–2196, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2179-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2179-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Tree fall events have an impact on forests and transport systems. Our study explored tree fall in relation to wind and other weather conditions. We used tree fall data along railway lines and ERA5 and radar meteorological data to build a logistic regression model. We found that high and prolonged wind speeds, wet conditions, and high air density increase tree fall risk. These factors might change in the changing climate, which in return will change risks for trees, forests and transport.
Yan Li, Bo Huang, Chunping Tan, Xia Zhang, Francesco Cherubini, and Henning W. Rust
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 1637–1658, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1637-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1637-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Deforestation has a significant impact on climate, yet its effects on drought remain less understood. This study investigates how deforestation affects drought across various climate zones and timescales. Findings indicate that deforestation leads to drier conditions in tropical regions and wetter conditions in arid areas, with minimal effects in temperate zones. Long-term drought is more affected than short-term drought, offering valuable insights into vegetation–climate interactions.
Franziska Tügel, Katrin M. Nissen, Lennart Steffen, Yangwei Zhang, Uwe Ulbrich, and Reinhard Hinkelmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-445, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-445, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how extreme rainfall in Berlin, Germany, may intensify due to global warming and how that could worsen flooding in a selected part of the city. We assess the role of the drainage system, infiltration from unsealed surfaces, and a potential adaptation scenario with all roofs as retention roofs in reducing flooding under extreme rainfall. Combining climate and hydrodynamic simulations, we provide insights into future challenges and possible solutions for urban flood management.
Elena Xoplaki, Florian Ellsäßer, Jens Grieger, Katrin M. Nissen, Joaquim G. Pinto, Markus Augenstein, Ting-Chen Chen, Hendrik Feldmann, Petra Friederichs, Daniel Gliksman, Laura Goulier, Karsten Haustein, Jens Heinke, Lisa Jach, Florian Knutzen, Stefan Kollet, Jürg Luterbacher, Niklas Luther, Susanna Mohr, Christoph Mudersbach, Christoph Müller, Efi Rousi, Felix Simon, Laura Suarez-Gutierrez, Svenja Szemkus, Sara M. Vallejo-Bernal, Odysseas Vlachopoulos, and Frederik Wolf
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 541–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-541-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-541-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Europe frequently experiences compound events, with major impacts. We investigate these events’ interactions, characteristics, and changes over time, focusing on socio-economic impacts in Germany and central Europe. Highlighting 2018’s extreme events, this study reveals impacts on water, agriculture, and forests and stresses the need for impact-focused definitions and better future risk quantification to support adaptation planning.
Andy Richling, Jens Grieger, and Henning W. Rust
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 361–375, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-361-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-361-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The performance of weather and climate prediction systems is variable in time and space. It is of interest how this performance varies in different situations. We provide a decomposition of a skill score (a measure of forecast performance) as a tool for detailed assessment of performance variability to support model development or forecast improvement. The framework is exemplified with decadal forecasts to assess the impact of different ocean states in the North Atlantic on temperature forecast.
Bjorn Stevens, Stefan Adami, Tariq Ali, Hartwig Anzt, Zafer Aslan, Sabine Attinger, Jaana Bäck, Johanna Baehr, Peter Bauer, Natacha Bernier, Bob Bishop, Hendryk Bockelmann, Sandrine Bony, Guy Brasseur, David N. Bresch, Sean Breyer, Gilbert Brunet, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Junji Cao, Christelle Castet, Yafang Cheng, Ayantika Dey Choudhury, Deborah Coen, Susanne Crewell, Atish Dabholkar, Qing Dai, Francisco Doblas-Reyes, Dale Durran, Ayoub El Gaidi, Charlie Ewen, Eleftheria Exarchou, Veronika Eyring, Florencia Falkinhoff, David Farrell, Piers M. Forster, Ariane Frassoni, Claudia Frauen, Oliver Fuhrer, Shahzad Gani, Edwin Gerber, Debra Goldfarb, Jens Grieger, Nicolas Gruber, Wilco Hazeleger, Rolf Herken, Chris Hewitt, Torsten Hoefler, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, Daniela Jacob, Alexandra Jahn, Christian Jakob, Thomas Jung, Christopher Kadow, In-Sik Kang, Sarah Kang, Karthik Kashinath, Katharina Kleinen-von Königslöw, Daniel Klocke, Uta Kloenne, Milan Klöwer, Chihiro Kodama, Stefan Kollet, Tobias Kölling, Jenni Kontkanen, Steve Kopp, Michal Koran, Markku Kulmala, Hanna Lappalainen, Fakhria Latifi, Bryan Lawrence, June Yi Lee, Quentin Lejeun, Christian Lessig, Chao Li, Thomas Lippert, Jürg Luterbacher, Pekka Manninen, Jochem Marotzke, Satoshi Matsouoka, Charlotte Merchant, Peter Messmer, Gero Michel, Kristel Michielsen, Tomoki Miyakawa, Jens Müller, Ramsha Munir, Sandeep Narayanasetti, Ousmane Ndiaye, Carlos Nobre, Achim Oberg, Riko Oki, Tuba Özkan-Haller, Tim Palmer, Stan Posey, Andreas Prein, Odessa Primus, Mike Pritchard, Julie Pullen, Dian Putrasahan, Johannes Quaas, Krishnan Raghavan, Venkatachalam Ramaswamy, Markus Rapp, Florian Rauser, Markus Reichstein, Aromar Revi, Sonakshi Saluja, Masaki Satoh, Vera Schemann, Sebastian Schemm, Christina Schnadt Poberaj, Thomas Schulthess, Cath Senior, Jagadish Shukla, Manmeet Singh, Julia Slingo, Adam Sobel, Silvina Solman, Jenna Spitzer, Philip Stier, Thomas Stocker, Sarah Strock, Hang Su, Petteri Taalas, John Taylor, Susann Tegtmeier, Georg Teutsch, Adrian Tompkins, Uwe Ulbrich, Pier-Luigi Vidale, Chien-Ming Wu, Hao Xu, Najibullah Zaki, Laure Zanna, Tianjun Zhou, and Florian Ziemen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2113–2122, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2113-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2113-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To manage Earth in the Anthropocene, new tools, new institutions, and new forms of international cooperation will be required. Earth Virtualization Engines is proposed as an international federation of centers of excellence to empower all people to respond to the immense and urgent challenges posed by climate change.
Madlen Peter, Henning W. Rust, and Uwe Ulbrich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1261–1285, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The paper introduces a statistical modeling approach describing daily extreme precipitation in Germany more accurately by including changes within the year and between the years simultaneously. The changing seasonality over years is regionally divergent and mainly weak. However, some regions stand out with a more pronounced linear rise of summer intensities, indicating a possible climate change signal. Improved modeling of extreme precipitation is beneficial for risk assessment and adaptation.
Yan Li, Bo Huang, and Henning W. Rust
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 321–339, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The inconsistent changes in temperature and precipitation induced by forest cover change are very likely to affect drought condition. We use a set of statistical models to explore the relationship between forest cover change and drought change in different timescales and climate zones. We find that the influence of forest cover on droughts varies under different precipitation and temperature quantiles. Forest cover also could modulate the impacts of precipitation and temperature on drought.
Katrin M. Nissen, Martina Wilde, Thomas M. Kreuzer, Annika Wohlers, Bodo Damm, and Uwe Ulbrich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2737–2748, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of climate change on rockfall probability in the German low mountain regions is investigated in observations and in 23 different climate scenario simulations. Under a pessimistic greenhouse gas scenario, the simulations suggest a decrease in rockfall probability. This reduction is mainly caused by a decrease in the number of freeze–thaw cycles due to higher atmospheric temperatures.
Johannes Riebold, Andy Richling, Uwe Ulbrich, Henning Rust, Tido Semmler, and Dörthe Handorf
Weather Clim. Dynam., 4, 663–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic sea ice loss might impact the atmospheric circulation outside the Arctic and therefore extremes over mid-latitudes. Here, we analyze model experiments to initially assess the influence of sea ice loss on occurrence frequencies of large-scale circulation patterns. Some of these detected circulation changes can be linked to changes in occurrences of European temperature extremes. Compared to future global temperature increases, the sea-ice-related impacts are however of secondary relevance.
Daniel Gliksman, Paul Averbeck, Nico Becker, Barry Gardiner, Valeri Goldberg, Jens Grieger, Dörthe Handorf, Karsten Haustein, Alexia Karwat, Florian Knutzen, Hilke S. Lentink, Rike Lorenz, Deborah Niermann, Joaquim G. Pinto, Ronald Queck, Astrid Ziemann, and Christian L. E. Franzke
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2171–2201, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2171-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2171-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wind and storms are a major natural hazard and can cause severe economic damage and cost human lives. Hence, it is important to gauge the potential impact of using indices, which potentially enable us to estimate likely impacts of storms or other wind events. Here, we review basic aspects of wind and storm generation and provide an extensive overview of wind impacts and available indices. This is also important to better prepare for future climate change and corresponding changes to winds.
Edmund P. Meredith, Uwe Ulbrich, and Henning W. Rust
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 851–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cell-tracking algorithms allow for the study of properties of a convective cell across its lifetime and, in particular, how these respond to climate change. We investigated whether the design of the algorithm can affect the magnitude of the climate-change signal. The algorithm's criteria for identifying a cell were found to have a strong impact on the warming response. The sensitivity of the warming response to different algorithm settings and cell types should thus be fully explored.
Alberto Caldas-Alvarez, Markus Augenstein, Georgy Ayzel, Klemens Barfus, Ribu Cherian, Lisa Dillenardt, Felix Fauer, Hendrik Feldmann, Maik Heistermann, Alexia Karwat, Frank Kaspar, Heidi Kreibich, Etor Emanuel Lucio-Eceiza, Edmund P. Meredith, Susanna Mohr, Deborah Niermann, Stephan Pfahl, Florian Ruff, Henning W. Rust, Lukas Schoppa, Thomas Schwitalla, Stella Steidl, Annegret H. Thieken, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Johannes Quaas
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3701–3724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3701-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3701-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In a warming climate, extreme precipitation events are becoming more frequent. To advance our knowledge on such phenomena, we present a multidisciplinary analysis of a selected case study that took place on 29 June 2017 in the Berlin metropolitan area. Our analysis provides evidence of the extremeness of the case from the atmospheric and the impacts perspectives as well as new insights on the physical mechanisms of the event at the meteorological and climate scales.
Katrin M. Nissen, Stefan Rupp, Thomas M. Kreuzer, Björn Guse, Bodo Damm, and Uwe Ulbrich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2117–2130, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A statistical model is introduced which quantifies the influence of individual potential triggering factors and their interactions on rockfall probability in central Europe. The most important factor is daily precipitation, which is most effective if sub-surface moisture levels are high. Freeze–thaw cycles in the preceding days can further increase the rockfall hazard. The model can be applied to climate simulations in order to investigate the effect of climate change on rockfall probability.
Robert Polzin, Annette Müller, Henning Rust, Peter Névir, and Péter Koltai
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 29, 37–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-29-37-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-29-37-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a recent algorithmic framework called Direct Bayesian Model Reduction (DBMR) is applied which provides a scalable probability-preserving identification of reduced models directly from data. The stochastic method is tested in a meteorological application towards a model reduction to latent states of smaller scale convective activity conditioned on large-scale atmospheric flow.
Noelia Otero, Oscar E. Jurado, Tim Butler, and Henning W. Rust
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1905–1919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1905-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1905-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone and temperature are strongly dependent and their extremes might be exacerbated by underlying climatological drivers, such as atmospheric blocking. Using an observational data set, we measure the dependence structure between ozone and temperature under the influence of atmospheric blocking. Blocks enhanced the probability of occurrence of compound ozone and temperature extremes over northwestern and central Europe, leading to greater health risks.
Felix S. Fauer, Jana Ulrich, Oscar E. Jurado, and Henning W. Rust
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6479–6494, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme rainfall events are modeled in this study for different timescales. A new parameterization of the dependence between extreme values and their timescale enables our model to estimate extremes on very short (1 min) and long (5 d) timescales simultaneously. We compare different approaches of modeling this dependence and find that our new model improves performance for timescales between 2 h and 2 d without affecting model performance on other timescales.
Jana Ulrich, Felix S. Fauer, and Henning W. Rust
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6133–6149, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The characteristics of extreme precipitation on different timescales as well as in different seasons are relevant information, e.g., for designing hydrological structures or managing water supplies. Therefore, our aim is to describe these characteristics simultaneously within one model. We find similar characteristics for short extreme precipitation at all considered stations in Germany but pronounced regional differences with respect to the seasonality of long-lasting extreme events.
Carola Detring, Annette Müller, Lisa Schielicke, Peter Névir, and Henning W. Rust
Weather Clim. Dynam., 2, 927–952, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Stationary, long-lasting blocked weather patterns can lead to extreme conditions. Within this study the temporal evolution of the occurrence probability is analyzed, and the onset, decay and transition probabilities of blocking within the past 30 years are modeled. Using Markov models combined with logistic regression, we found large changes in summer, where the probability of transitions to so-called Omega blocks increases strongly, while the unblocked state becomes less probable.
Nico Becker, Henning W. Rust, and Uwe Ulbrich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2857–2871, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2857-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2857-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A set of models is developed to forecast hourly probabilities of weather-related road accidents in Germany at the spatial scale of administrative districts. Model verification shows that using precipitation and temperature data leads to the best accident forecasts. Based on weather forecast data we show that skilful predictions of accident probabilities of up to 21 h ahead are possible. The models can be used to issue impact-based warnings, which are relevant for road users and authorities.
Cited articles
Anderson, J. L.: A method for producing and evaluating probabilistic forecasts from ensemble model integrations, J. Climate, 9, 1518–1530, 1996. a
Brohan, P., Kennedy, J. J., Harris, I., Tett, S. F., and Jones, P. D.:
Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A
new data set from 1850, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D12106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006548, 2006. a
Bühlmann, P. and Yu, B.: Boosting with the L 2 loss: regression and
classification, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 98,
324–339, 2003. a
Bühlmann, P. and Hothorn, T.: Boosting algorithms: Regularization,
prediction and model fitting, Stat. Sci., 22, 477–505, 2007. a
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P.,
Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P.,
Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, I., Biblot, J., Bormann, N.,
Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Greer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S.
B., Hersbach, H., Holm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kallberg, P., Kohler, M.,
Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Mong-Sanz, B. M., Morcette, J.-J., Park,
B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thepaut, J. N., and Vitart,
F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data
assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 553–597, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828, 2011. a
Feldmann, H., Pinto, J. G., Laube, N., Uhlig, M., Moemken, J., Pasternack, A., Früh, B., Pohlmann, H., and Kottmeier, C.: Skill and added value of the MiKlip regional decadal prediction system for temperature over Europe, Tellus A, 71, 1–19, 2019. a
Freund, Y. and Schapire, R. E.: A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting, J. Comput. Syst. Sci., 55, 119–139, 1997. a
Friedman, J., Hastie, T., and Tibshirani, R.: Additive logistic regression:
a statistical view of boosting (with discussion and a rejoinder by the
authors), Ann. Stat., 28, 337–407, 2000. a
Fučkar, N. S., Volpi, D., Guemas, V., and Doblas-Reyes, F. J.: A
posteriori adjustment of near-term climate predictions: Accounting for the
drift dependence on the initial conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41,
5200–5207, 2014. a
Gangstø, R., Weigel, A. P., Liniger, M. A., and Appenzeller, C.:
Methodological aspects of the validation of decadal predictions, Climate
Res., 55, 181–200, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01135, 2013. a, b, c
Gneiting, T. and Katzfusss, M.: Probabilistic forecasting, Annual Review of
Statistics and Its Application, 1, 125–151, 2014. a
Hamill, T. M. and Colucci, S. J.: Verification of Eta-RSM short-range ensemble forecasts, Mon. Weather Rev., 125, 1312–1327, 1997. a
Jolliffe, I. T. and Stephenson, D. B.: Forecast verification: a practitioner'sguide in atmospheric science, John Wiley & Sons, 2012. a
Jones, P. D., Lister, D. H., Osborn, T. J., Harpham, C., Salmon, M., and
Morice, C. P.: Hemispheric and large-scale land-surface air temperature
variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2010, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D05127, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017139, 2012. a
Jungclaus, J. H., Fischer, N., Haak, H., Lohmann, K., Marotzke, J.,
Mikolajewicz, D. M. U., Notz, D., and von Storch, J. S.: Characteristics of
the ocean simulations in the Max Planck Institute Ocean Model (MPIOM) the
ocean component of the MPI-Earth system model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst,
5, 422–446, 2013. a
Keller, J. D. and Hense, A.: A new non-Gaussian evaluation method for ensemble forecasts based on analysis rank histograms, Meteorol. Z., 20, 107–117, 2011. a
Kharin, V. V., Boer, G. J., Merryfield, W. J., Scinocca, J. F., and Lee, W.-S.: Statistical adjustment of decadal predictions in a changing climate,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052647, 2012. a, b, c, d
Köhl, A.: Evaluation of the GECCO2 ocean synthesis: transports of volume, heat and freshwater in the Atlantic, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141,
166–181, 2015. a
Maraun, D.: Bias correcting climate change simulations-a critical review,
Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 2, 211–220, 2016. a
Marotzke, J., Müller, W. A., Vamborg, F. S. E., Becker, P., Cubasch,
U., Feldmann, H., Kaspar, F., Kottmeier, C., Marini, C., Polkova,I., Prömmel, K., Rust, H. W., Stammer, D., Ulbrich, U., Kadow, C., Köhl, A., Kröger, J., Kruschke, T., Pinto, J., Pohlmann, H., Reyers, M., Schröder, M., Sienz, F., Timmreck, C., and Ziese, M.:
Miklip – a national research project on decadal climate prediction, B.
Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 2379–2394, 2016. a
Meredith, E. P., Rust, H. W., and Ulbrich, U.: A classification algorithm for selective dynamical downscaling of precipitation extremes, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4183–4200, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4183-2018, 2018. a
Morice, C. P., Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., and Jones, P. D.: Quantifying
uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of
observational estimates: The HadCRUT4 data set, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 117, D08101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017187, 2012. a, b
Mueller, W. A., Baehr, J., Haak, H., Jungclaus, J. H., Kröger, J., Matei,
D., Notz, D., Pohlmann, H., Storch, J., and Marotzke, J.: Forecast skill of
multi-year seasonal means in the decadal prediction system of the Max Planck
Institute for Meteorology, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L22707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053326, 2012. a, b
Nelder, J. A. and Mead, R.: A simplex method for function minimization, Comput. J., 7, 308–313, 1965. a
Pasternack, A., Bhend, J., Liniger, M. A., Rust, H. W., Müller, W. A., and Ulbrich, U.: Parametric decadal climate forecast recalibration (DeFoReSt 1.0), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 351–368, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-351-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, aa
Pasternack, A., Grieger, J., Rust, H. W., and Ulbrich, U.: Algorithms For
Recalibrating Decadal Climate Predictions – What is an adequate model for
the drift?, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3975759, 2020. a
Paxian, A., Ziese, M., Kreienkamp, F., Pankatz, K., Brand, S., Pasternack, A., Pohlmann, H., Modali, K., and Früh, B.: User-oriented global predictions of the GPCC drought index for the next decade, Meteorol. Z., 28, 3–21, 2018. a
Pohlmann, H., Mueller, W. A., Kulkarni, K., Kameswarrao, M., Matei, D.,
Vamborg, F., Kadow, C., Illing, S., and Marotzke, J.: Improved forecast skill
in the tropics in the new MiKlip decadal climate predictions, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 40, 5798–5802, 2013. a
Sansom, P. G., Ferro, C. A. T., Stephenson, D. B., Goddard, L., and Mason,
S. J.: Best Practices for Postprocessing Ensemble Climate Forecasts. Part I:
Selecting Appropriate Recalibration Methods, J. Climate, 29, 7247–7264,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0868.1, 2016. a, b
Schmid, M. and Hothorn, T.: Boosting additive models using component-wise
P-splines, Comput. Stat. Data Anal., 53, 298–311, 2008. a
Stevens, B., Giorgetta, M., Esch, M., Mauritsen, T., Crueger, T., Rast, S., Salzmann, M., Schmidt, H., Bader, J., Block, K., Brokopf, R., Fast, I., Kinne, S., Kornblueh, L., Lohmann, U., Pincus, R., Reichler, T., and Roeckner, E.: Atmospheric
component of the MPI-M Earth System Model: ECHAM6, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.,
5, 146–172, https://doi.org/10.1002/jame.20015, 2013. a
Talagrand, O., Vautard, R., and Strauss, B.: Evaluation of probabilistic
prediction systems., Proc. Workshop on Predictability, Reading, United
Kingdom, European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts, 25 pp.,
1997. a
Uppala, S. M., Kållberg, P. W., Simmons, A. J., Andrae, U., Da
Costa Bechtold, V., Fiorino, M., Gibson, J.K., Haseler, J., Her-
nandez, A., Kelly, G. A., Li, X., Onogi, K., Saarinen, S., Sokka,
N., Allan, R. P., Anderson, E., Arpe, K., Balmaseda, M. A.,
Beljaars, A. C. M., Van De Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N.,
Caires, S., Chevallier, F., Dethof, A., Dragosavac, M., Fisher, M.,
Fuentes, M., Hagemann, S., Hólm, E., Hoskins, B. J., Isaksen, L.,
Janssen, P. A. E. M., Jenne, R., Mcnally, A. P., Mahfouf, J.-F.,
Morcrette, J.-J., Rayner, N. A., Saunders, R. W., Simon, P., Sterl,
A., Trenbreth, K. E., Untch, A., Vasiljevic, D., Viterbo, P., and
Woollen, J.: The ERA-40 re-analysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,
131, 2961–3012, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.176, 2005. a
Weigend, A. S. and Shi, S.: Predicting daily probability distributions of
S&P500 returns, J. Forecast., 19, 375–392, 2000. a
Short summary
Decadal climate ensemble forecasts are increasingly being used to guide adaptation measures. To ensure the applicability of these probabilistic predictions, inherent systematic errors of the prediction system must be adjusted. Since it is not clear which statistical model is optimal for this purpose, we propose a recalibration strategy with a systematic model selection based on non-homogeneous boosting for identifying the most relevant features for both ensemble mean and ensemble spread.
Decadal climate ensemble forecasts are increasingly being used to guide adaptation measures. To...
