Articles | Volume 16, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-927-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-927-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
06 Feb 2023
Model evaluation paper |
| 06 Feb 2023
| 06 Feb 2023
Implementation of HONO into the chemistry–climate model CHASER (V4.0): roles in tropospheric chemistry
Phuc Thi Minh Ha
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
now at: Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, 236-0001 Yokohama, Japan
Yugo Kanaya
Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, 236-0001 Yokohama,
Japan
Fumikazu Taketani
Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, 236-0001 Yokohama,
Japan
Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández
Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Bremen,
Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Benjamin Schreiner
Institut für Umweltphysik (IUP), Universität Heidelberg, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Klaus Pfeilsticker
Institut für Umweltphysik (IUP), Universität Heidelberg, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Kengo Sudo
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, 236-0001 Yokohama,
Japan
Related authors
Phuc Thi Minh Ha, Yugo Kanaya, Kazuyo Yamaji, Syuichi Itahashi, Satoru Chatani, Takashi Sekiya, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, John Philip Burrows, Hans Schlager, Michael Lichtenstern, Mira Poehlker, and Bruna Holanda
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2064, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2064, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon and CO are important to climate change. EMeRGe airborne observation can identify the suitability of emission inventories used in CMAQv5.0.2 model for Asian polluted regions. GFEDv4.1s is suitable for fire emissions. Anthropogenic BC and CO emissions from Philippines (REASv2.1) are insufficient. The estimated Chinese emissions in 2018 are 0.65±0.25 TgBC, 166±65 TgCO and 12.4±4.8 PgCO2, suggesting a reduction and increment for China's BC and CO emissions in the HTAPv2.2z inventory.
Phuc T. M. Ha, Ryoki Matsuda, Yugo Kanaya, Fumikazu Taketani, and Kengo Sudo
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3813–3841, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3813-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3813-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Policies to mitigate air pollution require an understanding of tropospheric oxidizing capacity, which is controlled by mechanisms including heterogeneous processes on aerosols and clouds. This study uses a chemistry–climate model CHASER (MIROC) to explore the heterogeneous effects in the troposphere for -2.96 % O3, -2.19 % NOx, +3.28 % CO, and +5.91 % CH4 lifetime. Besides, these processes affect polluted areas and remote areas and can bring challenges to pollution reduction efforts.
Wanmin Gong, Stephen R. Beagley, Kenjiro Toyota, Henrik Skov, Jesper Heile Christensen, Alex Lupu, Diane Pendlebury, Junhua Zhang, Ulas Im, Yugo Kanaya, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Roberto Sommariva, Peter Effertz, John W. Halfacre, Nis Jepsen, Rigel Kivi, Theodore K. Koenig, Katrin Müller, Claus Nordstrøm, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Paul B. Shepson, William R. Simpson, Sverre Solberg, Ralf M. Staebler, David W. Tarasick, Roeland Van Malderen, and Mika Vestenius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8355–8405, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8355-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8355-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study showed that the springtime O3 depletion plays a critical role in driving the surface O3 seasonal cycle in the central Arctic. The O3 depletion events, while occurring most notably within the lowest few hundred metres above the Arctic Ocean, can induce a 5–7 % loss in the pan-Arctic tropospheric O3 burden during springtime. The study also found enhancements in O3 and NOy (mostly peroxyacetyl nitrate) concentrations in the Arctic due to northern boreal wildfires, particularly at higher altitudes.
Xiao Lu, Yiming Liu, Jiayin Su, Xiang Weng, Tabish Ansari, Yuqiang Zhang, Guowen He, Yuqi Zhu, Haolin Wang, Ganquan Zeng, Jingyu Li, Cheng He, Shuai Li, Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Tim Butler, Qi Fan, Shaojia Fan, Grant L. Forster, Meng Gao, Jianlin Hu, Yugo Kanaya, Mohd Talib Latif, Keding Lu, Philippe Nédélec, Peer Nowack, Bastien Sauvage, Xiaobin Xu, Lin Zhang, Ke Li, Ja-Ho Koo, and Tatsuya Nagashima
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7991–8028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7991-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7991-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes summertime ozone trends in East and Southeast Asia derived from a comprehensive observational database spanning from 1995 to 2019, incorporating aircraft observations, ozonesonde data, and measurements from 2500 surface sites. Multiple models are applied to attribute to changes in anthropogenic emissions and climate. The results highlight that increases in anthropogenic emissions are the primary driver of ozone increases both in the free troposphere and at the surface.
Ngoc Thi Nhu Do, Kengo Sudo, Akihiko Ito, Louisa K. Emmons, Vaishali Naik, Kostas Tsigaridis, Øyvind Seland, Gerd A. Folberth, and Douglas I. Kelley
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2079–2109, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2079-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2079-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding historical isoprene emission changes is important for predicting future climate, but trends and their controlling factors remain uncertain. This study shows that long-term isoprene trends vary among Earth system models mainly due to partially incorporating CO2 effects and land cover changes rather than to climate. Future models that refine these factors’ effects on isoprene emissions, along with long-term observations, are essential for better understanding plant–climate interactions.
Yuhang Zhang, Huan Yu, Isabelle De Smedt, Jintai Lin, Nicolas Theys, Michel Van Roozendael, Gaia Pinardi, Steven Compernolle, Ruijing Ni, Fangxuan Ren, Sijie Wang, Lulu Chen, Jos Van Geffen, Mengyao Liu, Alexander M. Cede, Martin Tiefengraber, Alexis Merlaud, Martina M. Friedrich, Andreas Richter, Ankie Piters, Vinod Kumar, Vinayak Sinha, Thomas Wagner, Yongjoo Choi, Hisahiro Takashima, Yugo Kanaya, Hitoshi Irie, Robert Spurr, Wenfu Sun, and Lorenzo Fabris
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1561–1589, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1561-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1561-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an advanced algorithm for global retrieval of TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) HCHO and NO2 vertical column densities with much improved consistency. Sensitivity tests demonstrate the complexity and nonlinear interactions of auxiliary parameters in the air mass factor calculation. An improved agreement is found with measurements from a global ground-based instrument network. The scientific retrieval provides a useful source of information for studies combining HCHO and NO2.
Matthew James Rowlinson, Lucy J. Carpenter, Mat J. Evans, James D. Lee, Simone Andersen, Tomas Sherwen, Anna B. Callaghan, Roberto Sommariva, William Bloss, Siqi Hou, Leigh R. Crilley, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Benjamin Weyland, Thomas B. Ryerson, Patrick R. Veres, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hongyu Guo, Benjamin A. Nault, Jose L. Jimenez, and Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-830, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-830, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
HONO is key to tropospheric chemistry. Observations show high HONO concentrations in remote air, possibly explained by nitrate aerosol photolysis. We use observational data to parameterize nitrate photolysis, evaluating simulated HONO against observations from multiple sources. We show improved agreement with observed HONO, but large overestimates in NOx and O3, beyond observational constraints. This implies a large uncertainty in the NOx budget and our understanding of atmospheric chemistry.
Yugo Kanaya, Roberto Sommariva, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Andrea Mazzeo, Theodore K. Koenig, Kaori Kawana, James E. Johnson, Aurélie Colomb, Pierre Tulet, Suzie Molloy, Ian E. Galbally, Rainer Volkamer, Anoop Mahajan, John W. Halfacre, Paul B. Shepson, Julia Schmale, Hélène Angot, Byron Blomquist, Matthew D. Shupe, Detlev Helmig, Junsu Gil, Meehye Lee, Sean C. Coburn, Ivan Ortega, Gao Chen, James Lee, Kenneth C. Aikin, David D. Parrish, John S. Holloway, Thomas B. Ryerson, Ilana B. Pollack, Eric J. Williams, Brian M. Lerner, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Teresa Campos, Frank M. Flocke, J. Ryan Spackman, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Chelsea R. Thompson, Ralf M. Staebler, Amir A. Aliabadi, Wanmin Gong, Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, Ryan M. Stauffer, Debra E. Kollonige, Juan Carlos Gómez Martin, Masatomo Fujiwara, Katie Read, Matthew Rowlinson, Keiichi Sato, Junichi Kurokawa, Yoko Iwamoto, Fumikazu Taketani, Hisahiro Takashima, Monica Navarro Comas, Marios Panagi, and Martin G. Schultz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-566, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-566, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The first comprehensive dataset of tropospheric ozone over oceans/polar regions is presented, including 77 ship/buoy and 48 aircraft campaign observations (1977–2022, 0–5000 m altitude), supplemented by ozonesonde and surface data. Air masses isolated from land for 72+ hours are systematically selected as essentially oceanic. Among the 11 global regions, they show daytime decreases of 10–16% in the tropics, while near-zero depletions are rare, unlike in the Arctic, implying different mechanisms.
Ke Li, Rong Tan, Wenhao Qiao, Taegyung Lee, Yufen Wang, Danyuting Zhang, Minglong Tang, Wenqing Zhao, Yixuan Gu, Shaojia Fan, Jinqiang Zhang, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Jianming Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Mohd Talib Latif, Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Junsu Gil, Mee-Hye Lee, Juseon Bak, Joowan Kim, Hong Liao, Yugo Kanaya, Xiao Lu, Tatsuya Nagashima, and Ja-Ho Koo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3756, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
East Asia and Southeast Asia has been identified as a global hot spot with the fastest ozone increase. This paper presents the most comprehensive observational view of ozone distributions and evolution over East Asia and Southeast Asia across different spatiotemporal scales in the past two decades, which will have important implications for assessing ozone impacts on public health and crop yields, and for developing future ozone control strategies.
Takeshi Kinase, Fumikazu Taketani, Masayuki Takigawa, Chunmao Zhu, Yongwon Kim, Petr Mordovskoi, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 143–156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-143-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-143-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Boreal forest wildfires in interior Alaska represent an important black carbon (BC) source for the Arctic and surrounding regions. We observed BC and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the Poker Flat Research Range since 2016 and found a positive correlation between the observed BC / ∆CO ratio and fire radiative power (FRP) observed in Alaska and Canada. Our finding suggests the BC emission factor and/or inventory could be potentially improved by using FRP.
Phuc Thi Minh Ha, Yugo Kanaya, Kazuyo Yamaji, Syuichi Itahashi, Satoru Chatani, Takashi Sekiya, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, John Philip Burrows, Hans Schlager, Michael Lichtenstern, Mira Poehlker, and Bruna Holanda
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2064, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2064, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon and CO are important to climate change. EMeRGe airborne observation can identify the suitability of emission inventories used in CMAQv5.0.2 model for Asian polluted regions. GFEDv4.1s is suitable for fire emissions. Anthropogenic BC and CO emissions from Philippines (REASv2.1) are insufficient. The estimated Chinese emissions in 2018 are 0.65±0.25 TgBC, 166±65 TgCO and 12.4±4.8 PgCO2, suggesting a reduction and increment for China's BC and CO emissions in the HTAPv2.2z inventory.
Karolin Voss, Philip Holzbeck, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Ralph Kleinschek, Gerald Wetzel, Blanca Fuentes Andrade, Michael Höpfner, Jörn Ungermann, Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, and André Butz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4507–4528, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4507-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4507-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A novel balloon-borne instrument for direct sun and solar occultation measurements of several UV–Vis absorbing gases (e.g. O3, NO2, BrO, IO, and HONO) is described. Its major design features and performance during two stratospheric deployments are discussed. From the measured overhead BrO concentration and a suitable photochemical correction, total stratospheric bromine is inferred to (17.5 ± 2.2) ppt in air masses which entered the stratosphere around early 2017 ± 1 year.
Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, Kengo Sudo, Hitoshi Irie, Yanfeng He, and Md Firoz Khan
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5545–5571, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5545-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5545-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using multi-platform observations, we validated global formaldehyde (HCHO) simulations from a chemistry transport model. HCHO is a crucial intermediate in the chemical catalytic cycle that governs the ozone formation in the troposphere. The model was capable of replicating the observed spatiotemporal variability in HCHO. In a few cases, the model's capability was limited. This is attributed to the uncertainties in the observations and the model parameters.
Santo Fedele Colosimo, Nathaniel Brockway, Vijay Natraj, Robert Spurr, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Lisa Scalone, Max Spolaor, Sarah Woods, and Jochen Stutz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2367–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cirrus clouds are poorly understood components of the climate system, in part due to the challenge of observing thin, sub-visible ice clouds. We address this issue with a new observational approach that uses the remote sensing of near-infrared ice water absorption features from a high-altitude aircraft. We describe the underlying principle of this approach and present a new procedure to retrieve ice concentration in cirrus clouds. Our retrievals compare well with in situ observations.
Adrien Deroubaix, Marco Vountas, Benjamin Gaubert, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, Stephan Borrmann, Guy Brasseur, Bruna Holanda, Yugo Kanaya, Katharina Kaiser, Flora Kluge, Ovid Oktavian Krüger, Inga Labuhn, Michael Lichtenstern, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Mira Pöhlker, Hans Schlager, Johannes Schneider, Guillaume Siour, Basudev Swain, Paolo Tuccella, Kameswara S. Vinjamuri, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Benjamin Weyland, and John P. Burrows
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-516, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-516, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses atmospheric composition using air quality models during aircraft campaigns in Europe and Asia, focusing on carbonaceous aerosols and trace gases. While carbon monoxide is well modeled, other pollutants have moderate to weak agreement with observations. Wind speed modeling is reliable for identifying pollution plumes, where models tend to overestimate concentrations. This highlights challenges in accurately modeling aerosol and trace gas composition, particularly in cities.
Adrien Deroubaix, Marco Vountas, Benjamin Gaubert, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, Stephan Borrmann, Guy Brasseur, Bruna Holanda, Yugo Kanaya, Katharina Kaiser, Flora Kluge, Ovid Oktavian Krüger, Inga Labuhn, Michael Lichtenstern, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Mira Pöhlker, Hans Schlager, Johannes Schneider, Guillaume Siour, Basudev Swain, Paolo Tuccella, Kameswara S. Vinjamuri, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Benjamin Weyland, and John P. Burrows
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-521, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-521, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the proportional relationships between carbonaceous aerosols (black and organic carbon) and trace gases using airborne measurements from two campaigns in Europe and East Asia. Differences between regions were found, but air quality models struggled to reproduce them accurately. We show that these proportional relationships can help to constrain models and can be used to infer aerosol concentrations from satellite observations of trace gases, especially in urban areas.
Kaori Kawana, Fumikazu Taketani, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Yutaka Tobo, Yoko Iwamoto, Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Based on comprehensive shipborne observations, we found strong links between sea-surface biological materials and the formation of atmospheric fluorescent bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea during autumn 2019. Taking the wind-speed effect into account, we propose equations to approximate the links for this cruise, which can be used as a guide for modeling as well as for systematic comparisons with other observations.
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducted semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 aerosols and their elemental composition in western Japan, during spring 2018. It analyzed the emissions, transport, and wet removal of elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn. It also assessed the accuracy of modeled concentrations and found overestimations of BC and underestimations of Cu and anthropogenic Fe in East Asia. Insights into emissions, removals, and source apportionment of trace metals in the East Asian outflow were provided.
James Barry, Stefanie Meilinger, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Anna Herman-Czezuch, Nicola Kimiaie, Christopher Schirrmeister, Rone Yousif, Tina Buchmann, Johannes Grabenstein, Hartwig Deneke, Jonas Witthuhn, Claudia Emde, Felix Gödde, Bernhard Mayer, Leonhard Scheck, Marion Schroedter-Homscheidt, Philipp Hofbauer, and Matthias Struck
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4975–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4975-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4975-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measured power data from solar photovoltaic (PV) systems contain information about the state of the atmosphere. In this work, power data from PV systems in the Allgäu region in Germany were used to determine the solar irradiance at each location, using state-of-the-art simulation and modelling. The results were validated using concurrent measurements of the incoming solar radiation in each case. If applied on a wider scale, this algorithm could help improve weather and climate models.
Yanfeng He and Kengo Sudo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13061–13085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lightning has big social impacts. Lightning-produced NOx (LNOx) plays a vital role in atmospheric chemistry and climate. Investigating past lightning and LNOx trends can provide essential indicators of all lightning-related phenomena. Simulations show almost flat global lightning and LNOx trends during 1960–2014. Past global warming enhances the trends positively, but increases in aerosol have the opposite effect. Moreover, global lightning decreased markedly after the Pinatubo eruption.
Yuhang Zhang, Jintai Lin, Jhoon Kim, Hanlim Lee, Junsung Park, Hyunkee Hong, Michel Van Roozendael, Francois Hendrick, Ting Wang, Pucai Wang, Qin He, Kai Qin, Yongjoo Choi, Yugo Kanaya, Jin Xu, Pinhua Xie, Xin Tian, Sanbao Zhang, Shanshan Wang, Siyang Cheng, Xinghong Cheng, Jianzhong Ma, Thomas Wagner, Robert Spurr, Lulu Chen, Hao Kong, and Mengyao Liu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4643–4665, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our tropospheric NO2 vertical column density product with high spatiotemporal resolution is based on the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) and named POMINO–GEMS. Strong hotspot signals and NO2 diurnal variations are clearly seen. Validations with multiple satellite products and ground-based, mobile car and surface measurements exhibit the overall great performance of the POMINO–GEMS product, indicating its capability for application in environmental studies.
Sayako Ueda, Yoko Iwamoto, Fumikazu Taketani, Mingxu Liu, and Hitoshi Matsui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10117–10135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine iron in atmospheric fine aerosol particles collected over the Indian Ocean during shipborne observations in November 2018. Transmission electron microscopy analysis with water dialysis shows that various types of iron (fly ash, iron oxide, and mineral dust) co-exist with ammonium sulfate and that their solubility differs depending on the iron type. Using PM2.5 bulk samples and global model simulations, we elucidate their origins, aging, and implications for present iron simulations.
Midhun George, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, Vladyslav Nenakhov, Yangzhuoran Liu, John Philip Burrows, Birger Bohn, Eric Förster, Florian Obersteiner, Andreas Zahn, Theresa Harlaß, Helmut Ziereis, Hans Schlager, Benjamin Schreiner, Flora Kluge, Katja Bigge, and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7799–7822, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7799-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7799-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The applicability of photostationary steady-state (PSS) assumptions to estimate the amount of the sum of peroxy radicals (RO2*) during the EMeRGe airborne observations from the known radical chemistry and onboard measurements of RO2* precursors, photolysis frequencies, and other trace gases such as NOx and O3 was investigated. The comparison of the calculated RO2* with the actual measurements provides an insight into the main processes controlling their concentration in the air masses measured.
Ka Lok Chan, Pieter Valks, Klaus-Peter Heue, Ronny Lutz, Pascal Hedelt, Diego Loyola, Gaia Pinardi, Michel Van Roozendael, François Hendrick, Thomas Wagner, Vinod Kumar, Alkis Bais, Ankie Piters, Hitoshi Irie, Hisahiro Takashima, Yugo Kanaya, Yongjoo Choi, Kihong Park, Jihyo Chong, Alexander Cede, Udo Frieß, Andreas Richter, Jianzhong Ma, Nuria Benavent, Robert Holla, Oleg Postylyakov, Claudia Rivera Cárdenas, and Mark Wenig
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1831–1870, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1831-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1831-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the theoretical basis as well as verification and validation of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) daily and monthly level-3 products.
Jagat S. H. Bisht, Prabir K. Patra, Masayuki Takigawa, Takashi Sekiya, Yugo Kanaya, Naoko Saitoh, and Kazuyuki Miyazaki
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1823–1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we estimated CH4 fluxes using an advanced 4D-LETKF method. The system was tested and optimized using observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs), where a known surface emission distribution is retrieved from synthetic observations. The availability of satellite measurements has increased, and there are still many missions focused on greenhouse gas observations that have not yet launched. The technique being referred to has the potential to improve estimates of CH4 fluxes.
Chuan-Yao Lin, Wan-Chin Chen, Yi-Yun Chien, Charles C. K. Chou, Chian-Yi Liu, Helmut Ziereis, Hans Schlager, Eric Förster, Florian Obersteiner, Ovid O. Krüger, Bruna A. Holanda, Mira L. Pöhlker, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Birger Bohn, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Benjamin Weyland, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2627–2647, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2627-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2627-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the EMeRGe campaign in Asia, atmospheric pollutants were measured on board the HALO aircraft. The WRF-Chem model was employed to evaluate the biomass burning (BB) plume transported from Indochina and its impact on the downstream areas. The combination of BB aerosol enhancement with cloud water resulted in a reduction in incoming shortwave radiation at the surface in southern China and the East China Sea, which potentially has significant regional climate implications.
Flora Kluge, Tilman Hüneke, Christophe Lerot, Simon Rosanka, Meike K. Rotermund, Domenico Taraborrelli, Benjamin Weyland, and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1369–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using airborne glyoxal concentration and vertical column density measurements, vertical profiles are inferred for eight global regions in aged biomass burning plumes and the tropical marine boundary layer. Using TROPOMI observations, an analysis of space- and airborne measurements is performed. A comparison to EMAC simulations shows a general glyoxal underprediction, which points to various missing sources and precursors from anthropogenic activities, biomass burning, and the sea surface.
Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, Kengo Sudo, Hitoshi Irie, Alessandro Damiani, Manish Naja, and Al Mashroor Fatmi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12559–12589, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12559-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12559-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are essential trace graces regulating tropospheric ozone chemistry. These trace constituents are measured using an optical passive remote sensing technique. In addition, NO2 and HCHO are simulated with a computer model and evaluated against the observations. Such evaluations are essential to assess model uncertainties and improve their predictability. The results yielded good agreement between the two datasets with some discrepancies.
Yanfeng He, Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, and Kengo Sudo
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 5627–5650, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5627-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5627-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Lightning-produced NOx (LNOx) is a major source of NOx. Hence, it is crucial to improve the prediction accuracy of lightning and LNOx in chemical climate models. By modifying existing lightning schemes and testing them in the chemical climate model CHASER, we improved the prediction accuracy of lightning in CHASER. Different lightning schemes respond very differently under global warming, which indicates further research is needed considering the reproducibility of long-term trends of lightning.
Ovid O. Krüger, Bruna A. Holanda, Sourangsu Chowdhury, Andrea Pozzer, David Walter, Christopher Pöhlker, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, John P. Burrows, Christiane Voigt, Jos Lelieveld, Johannes Quaas, Ulrich Pöschl, and Mira L. Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8683–8699, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8683-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8683-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The abrupt reduction in human activities during the first COVID-19 lockdown created unprecedented atmospheric conditions. We took the opportunity to quantify changes in black carbon (BC) as a major anthropogenic air pollutant. Therefore, we measured BC on board a research aircraft over Europe during the lockdown and compared the results to measurements from 2017. With model simulations we account for different weather conditions and find a lockdown-related decrease in BC of 41 %.
M. Dolores Andrés Hernández, Andreas Hilboll, Helmut Ziereis, Eric Förster, Ovid O. Krüger, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Francesca Barnaba, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Jörg Schmidt, Heidi Huntrieser, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Midhun George, Vladyslav Nenakhov, Theresa Harlass, Bruna A. Holanda, Jennifer Wolf, Lisa Eirenschmalz, Marc Krebsbach, Mira L. Pöhlker, Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard, Linlu Mei, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Yangzhuoran Liu, Ralf Koppmann, Hans Schlager, Birger Bohn, Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Richter, Benjamin Schreiner, Daniel Sauer, Robert Baumann, Mariano Mertens, Patrick Jöckel, Markus Kilian, Greta Stratmann, Christopher Pöhlker, Monica Campanelli, Marco Pandolfi, Michael Sicard, José L. Gómez-Amo, Manuel Pujadas, Katja Bigge, Flora Kluge, Anja Schwarz, Nikos Daskalakis, David Walter, Andreas Zahn, Ulrich Pöschl, Harald Bönisch, Stephan Borrmann, Ulrich Platt, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5877–5924, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EMeRGe provides a unique set of in situ and remote sensing airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosol particles along selected flight routes in the lower troposphere over Europe. The interpretation uses also complementary collocated ground-based and satellite measurements. The collected data help to improve the current understanding of the complex spatial distribution of trace gases and aerosol particles resulting from mixing, transport, and transformation of pollution plumes over Europe.
Cynthia H. Whaley, Rashed Mahmood, Knut von Salzen, Barbara Winter, Sabine Eckhardt, Stephen Arnold, Stephen Beagley, Silvia Becagli, Rong-You Chien, Jesper Christensen, Sujay Manish Damani, Xinyi Dong, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Gregory Faluvegi, Mark Flanner, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Fabio Giardi, Wanmin Gong, Jens Liengaard Hjorth, Lin Huang, Ulas Im, Yugo Kanaya, Srinath Krishnan, Zbigniew Klimont, Thomas Kühn, Joakim Langner, Kathy S. Law, Louis Marelle, Andreas Massling, Dirk Olivié, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, Yiran Peng, David A. Plummer, Olga Popovicheva, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Maria Sand, Laura N. Saunders, Julia Schmale, Sangeeta Sharma, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Henrik Skov, Fumikazu Taketani, Manu A. Thomas, Rita Traversi, Kostas Tsigaridis, Svetlana Tsyro, Steven Turnock, Vito Vitale, Kaley A. Walker, Minqi Wang, Duncan Watson-Parris, and Tahya Weiss-Gibbons
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5775–5828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5775-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5775-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollutants, like ozone and soot, play a role in both global warming and air quality. Atmospheric models are often used to provide information to policy makers about current and future conditions under different emissions scenarios. In order to have confidence in those simulations, in this study we compare simulated air pollution from 18 state-of-the-art atmospheric models to measured air pollution in order to assess how well the models perform.
Hisahiro Takashima, Yugo Kanaya, Saki Kato, Martina M. Friedrich, Michel Van Roozendael, Fumikazu Taketani, Takuma Miyakawa, Yuichi Komazaki, Carlos A. Cuevas, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, and Takashi Sekiya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4005–4018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4005-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4005-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have undertaken atmospheric iodine monoxide (IO) observations in the global marine boundary layer with a wide latitudinal coverage and sea surface temperature (SST) range. We conclude that atmospheric iodine is abundant over the Western Pacific warm pool, appearing as an iodine fountain, where ozone (O3) minima occur. Our study also found negative correlations between IO and O3 concentrations over IO maxima, which requires reconsideration of the initiation process of halogen activation.
Takashi Sekiya, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Henk Eskes, Kengo Sudo, Masayuki Takigawa, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1703–1728, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study gives a systematic comparison of TROPOMI version 1.2 and OMI QA4ECV tropospheric NO2 column through global chemical data assimilation (DA) integration for April–May 2018. DA performance is controlled by measurement sensitivities, retrieval errors, and coverage. Due to reduced errors in TROPOMI, agreements against assimilated and independent observations were improved by TROPOMI DA compared to OMI DA. These results demonstrate that TROPOMI DA improves global analyses of NO2 and ozone.
Paul D. Hamer, Virginie Marécal, Ryan Hossaini, Michel Pirre, Gisèle Krysztofiak, Franziska Ziska, Andreas Engel, Stephan Sala, Timo Keber, Harald Bönisch, Elliot Atlas, Kirstin Krüger, Martyn Chipperfield, Valery Catoire, Azizan A. Samah, Marcel Dorf, Phang Siew Moi, Hans Schlager, and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16955–16984, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16955-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16955-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bromoform is a stratospheric ozone-depleting gas released by seaweed and plankton transported to the stratosphere via convection in the tropics. We study the chemical interactions of bromoform and its derivatives within convective clouds using a cloud-scale model and observations. Our findings are that soluble bromine gases are efficiently washed out and removed within the convective clouds and that most bromine is transported vertically to the upper troposphere in the form of bromoform.
Kaori Kawana, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Fumikazu Taketani, Takuma Miyakawa, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15969–15983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15969-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15969-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric autofluorescent particles observed over the central Pacific Ocean were identified as bioaerosols from comparisons to a DNA-nuclear-staining method. Their number concentrations in the pristine marine air masses showed high correlations with concentrations of bacteria and transparent exopolymer particles in the surface seawater, providing strong evidence of their marine origins. We propose equations to derive the atmospheric bioaerosol number concentrations from oceanic parameters.
Yu-Wen Chen, Yi-Chun Chen, Charles C.-K. Chou, Hui-Ming Hung, Shih-Yu Chang, Lisa Eirenschmalz, Michael Lichtenstern, Helmut Ziereis, Hans Schlager, Greta Stratmann, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Stephan Borrmann, Florian Obersteiner, Eric Förster, Andreas Zahn, Wei-Nai Chen, Po-Hsiung Lin, Shuenn-Chin Chang, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, Pao-Kuan Wang, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-788, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
By presenting an approach using EMeRGe-Asia airborne field measurements and surface observations, this study shows that the fraction of OH reactivity due to SO2-OH reaction has a significant correlation with the sulfate concentration. Approximately 30 % of sulfate is produced by SO2-OH reaction. Our results underline the importance of SO2-OH gas-phase oxidation in sulfate formation, and demonstrate that the method can be applied to other regions and under different meteorological conditions.
Hossain M. S. Hoque, Kengo Sudo, Hitoshi Irie, Alessandro Damiani, and Al Mashroor Fatmi
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-815, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-815, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) profiles, retrieved from remote sensing observations, are used to evaluate the global chemistry transport model CHASER. Overall, CHASER has demonstrated good skills in reproducing the seasonal climatology of NO2 and HCHO on a local scale at sites in South and East Asia. Around mountainous terrains, the model performs better on a regional scale. The improved spatial resolution of CHASER can likely reduce the observed discrepancies in the datasets.
Sho Ohata, Tatsuhiro Mori, Yutaka Kondo, Sangeeta Sharma, Antti Hyvärinen, Elisabeth Andrews, Peter Tunved, Eija Asmi, John Backman, Henri Servomaa, Daniel Veber, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Stergios Vratolis, Radovan Krejci, Paul Zieger, Makoto Koike, Yugo Kanaya, Atsushi Yoshida, Nobuhiro Moteki, Yongjing Zhao, Yutaka Tobo, Junji Matsushita, and Naga Oshima
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6723–6748, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6723-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6723-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable values of mass absorption cross sections (MACs) of black carbon (BC) are required to determine mass concentrations of BC at Arctic sites using different types of filter-based absorption photometers. We successfully estimated MAC values for these instruments through comparison with independent measurements of BC by a continuous soot monitoring system called COSMOS. These MAC values are consistent with each other and applicable to study spatial and temporal variation in BC in the Arctic.
Clara M. Nussbaumer, Uwe Parchatka, Ivan Tadic, Birger Bohn, Daniel Marno, Monica Martinez, Roland Rohloff, Hartwig Harder, Flora Kluge, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Florian Obersteiner, Martin Zöger, Raphael Doerich, John N. Crowley, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6759–6776, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6759-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6759-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
NO2 plays a central role in atmospheric photochemical processes and requires accurate measurements. This research presents NO2 data obtained via chemiluminescence using a photolytic converter from airborne studies around Cabo Verde and laboratory investigations. We show the limits and error-proneness of a conventional blue light converter in aircraft measurements affected by humidity and NO levels and suggest the use of an alternative quartz converter for more reliable results.
Meike K. Rotermund, Vera Bense, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Andreas Engel, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Peter Hoor, Tilman Hüneke, Timo Keber, Flora Kluge, Benjamin Schreiner, Tanja Schuck, Bärbel Vogel, Andreas Zahn, and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15375–15407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15375-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15375-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Airborne total bromine (Brtot) and tracer measurements suggest Brtot-rich air masses persistently protruded into the lower stratosphere (LS), creating a high Brtot region over the North Atlantic in fall 2017. The main source is via isentropic transport by the Asian monsoon and to a lesser extent transport across the extratropical tropopause as quantified by a Lagrange model. The transport of Brtot via Central American hurricanes is also observed. Lastly, the impact of Brtot on LS O3 is assessed.
Jun Inoue, Yutaka Tobo, Kazutoshi Sato, Fumikazu Taketani, and Marion Maturilli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4971–4987, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4971-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4971-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde is an observing system to obtain the signals of the phase, size, and the number of cloud particles. Based on the field experiments in the Arctic regions and numerical experiments, we proposed a method to correct the CPS sonde data and found that the CPS sonde system can appropriately observe the liquid cloud if our correction method is applied.
Phuc T. M. Ha, Ryoki Matsuda, Yugo Kanaya, Fumikazu Taketani, and Kengo Sudo
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3813–3841, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3813-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3813-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Policies to mitigate air pollution require an understanding of tropospheric oxidizing capacity, which is controlled by mechanisms including heterogeneous processes on aerosols and clouds. This study uses a chemistry–climate model CHASER (MIROC) to explore the heterogeneous effects in the troposphere for -2.96 % O3, -2.19 % NOx, +3.28 % CO, and +5.91 % CH4 lifetime. Besides, these processes affect polluted areas and remote areas and can bring challenges to pollution reduction efforts.
Na Zhao, Xinyi Dong, Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, Marianne Tronstad Lund, Kengo Sudo, Daven Henze, Tom Kucsera, Yun Fat Lam, Mian Chin, and Simone Tilmes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8637–8654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon acts as a strong climate forcer, especially in vulnerable pristine regions such as the Arctic. This work utilizes ensemble modeling results from the task force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 to investigate the responses of Arctic black carbon and surface temperature to various source emission reductions. East Asia contributed the most to Arctic black carbon. The response of Arctic temperature to black carbon was substantially more sensitive than the global average.
Santosh Kumar Verma, Kimitaka Kawamura, Fei Yang, Pingqing Fu, Yugo Kanaya, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4959–4978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied aerosol samples collected in autumn 2007 with day and night intervals in a rural site of Mangshan, north of Beijing, for sugar compounds (SCs) that are abundant organic aerosol components and can influence the air quality and climate. We found higher concentrations of biomass burning (BB) products at nighttime than daytime, whereas pollen tracers and other SCs showed an opposite diurnal trend, because this site is meteorologically characterized by a mountain/valley breeze.
Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Gaia Pinardi, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Henk J. Eskes, Kai-Uwe Eichmann, Ann Mari Fjæraa, José Granville, Sander Niemeijer, Alexander Cede, Martin Tiefengraber, François Hendrick, Andrea Pazmiño, Alkiviadis Bais, Ariane Bazureau, K. Folkert Boersma, Kristof Bognar, Angelika Dehn, Sebastian Donner, Aleksandr Elokhov, Manuel Gebetsberger, Florence Goutail, Michel Grutter de la Mora, Aleksandr Gruzdev, Myrto Gratsea, Georg H. Hansen, Hitoshi Irie, Nis Jepsen, Yugo Kanaya, Dimitris Karagkiozidis, Rigel Kivi, Karin Kreher, Pieternel F. Levelt, Cheng Liu, Moritz Müller, Monica Navarro Comas, Ankie J. M. Piters, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Thierry Portafaix, Cristina Prados-Roman, Olga Puentedura, Richard Querel, Julia Remmers, Andreas Richter, John Rimmer, Claudia Rivera Cárdenas, Lidia Saavedra de Miguel, Valery P. Sinyakov, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Michel Van Roozendael, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Thomas Wagner, Folkard Wittrock, Margarita Yela González, and Claus Zehner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 481–510, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-481-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-481-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports on the ground-based validation of the NO2 data produced operationally by the TROPOMI instrument on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. Tropospheric, stratospheric, and total NO2 columns are compared to measurements collected from MAX-DOAS, ZSL-DOAS, and PGN/Pandora instruments respectively. The products are found to satisfy mission requirements in general, though negative mean differences are found at sites with high pollution levels. Potential causes are discussed.
Sho Ohata, Tatsuhiro Mori, Yutaka Kondo, Sangeeta Sharma, Antti Hyvärinen, Elisabeth Andrews, Peter Tunved, Eija Asmi, John Backman, Henri Servomaa, Daniel Veber, Makoto Koike, Yugo Kanaya, Atsushi Yoshida, Nobuhiro Moteki, Yongjing Zhao, Junji Matsushita, and Naga Oshima
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1190, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable values of mass absorption cross sections (MAC) of black carbon (BC) are required to determine mass concentrations of BC at Arctic sites using different types of filter-based absorption photometers. We successfully estimated MAC values for these instruments through comparison with independent measurements of BC by continuous soot monitoring system called COSMOS. These MAC values are consistent with each other and applicable to study spatial and temporal variation of BC in the Arctic.
Gaia Pinardi, Michel Van Roozendael, François Hendrick, Nicolas Theys, Nader Abuhassan, Alkiviadis Bais, Folkert Boersma, Alexander Cede, Jihyo Chong, Sebastian Donner, Theano Drosoglou, Anatoly Dzhola, Henk Eskes, Udo Frieß, José Granville, Jay R. Herman, Robert Holla, Jari Hovila, Hitoshi Irie, Yugo Kanaya, Dimitris Karagkiozidis, Natalia Kouremeti, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Jianzhong Ma, Enno Peters, Ankie Piters, Oleg Postylyakov, Andreas Richter, Julia Remmers, Hisahiro Takashima, Martin Tiefengraber, Pieter Valks, Tim Vlemmix, Thomas Wagner, and Folkard Wittrock
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6141–6174, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6141-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6141-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We validate several GOME-2 and OMI tropospheric NO2 products with 23 MAX-DOAS and 16 direct sun instruments distributed worldwide, highlighting large horizontal inhomogeneities at several sites affecting the validation results. We propose a method for quantification and correction. We show the application of such correction reduces the satellite underestimation in almost all heterogeneous cases, but a negative bias remains over the MAX-DOAS and direct sun network ensemble for both satellites.
Yongjoo Choi, Yugo Kanaya, Masayuki Takigawa, Chunmao Zhu, Seung-Myung Park, Atsushi Matsuki, Yasuhiro Sadanaga, Sang-Woo Kim, Xiaole Pan, and Ignacio Pisso
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13655–13670, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13655-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13655-2020, 2020
Flora Kluge, Tilman Hüneke, Matthias Knecht, Michael Lichtenstern, Meike Rotermund, Hans Schlager, Benjamin Schreiner, and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12363–12389, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12363-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12363-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The presented study reports on airborne measurements of formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and CO over the Amazon basin and lays a special focus on the influence of biomass burning emissions on the atmospheric profiles of these carbonyl compounds within the planetary boundary layer as well as in the free and upper troposphere.
Hirofumi Ohyama, Isamu Morino, Voltaire A. Velazco, Theresa Klausner, Gerry Bagtasa, Matthäus Kiel, Matthias Frey, Akihiro Hori, Osamu Uchino, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sally E. Pusede, Alina Fiehn, Anke Roiger, Michael Lichtenstern, Hans Schlager, Pao K. Wang, Charles C.-K. Chou, Maria Dolores Andrés-Hernández, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5149–5163, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5149-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5149-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 measured by a solar viewing portable Fourier transform spectrometer (EM27/SUN) were validated with in situ profile data obtained during the transfer flights of two aircraft campaigns. Atmospheric dynamical properties based on ERA5 and WRF-Chem were used as criteria for selecting the best aircraft profiles for the validation. The resulting air-mass-independent correction factors for the EM27/SUN data were 0.9878 for CO2 and 0.9829 for CH4.
Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Kevin Bowman, Takashi Sekiya, Henk Eskes, Folkert Boersma, Helen Worden, Nathaniel Livesey, Vivienne H. Payne, Kengo Sudo, Yugo Kanaya, Masayuki Takigawa, and Koji Ogochi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2223–2259, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2223-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2223-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the results from the Tropospheric Chemistry Reanalysis version 2 (TCR-2) for 2005–2018 obtained from the assimilation of multiple satellite measurements of ozone, CO, NO2, HNO3, and SO2 from the OMI, SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, TES, MLS, and MOPITT instruments. The evaluation results demonstrate the capability of the reanalysis products to improve understanding of the processes controlling variations in atmospheric composition, including long-term changes in air quality and emissions.
Cited articles
Acker, K., Möller, D., Wieprecht, W., Auel, R., Kalass, D., and Tscherwenka, W.:
Nitrous and nitric acid measurements inside and outside of clouds at Mt. Brocken, Water Air Soil Poll., 130, 331–336, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013808529303, 2001.
Acker, K., Febo, A., Trick, S., Perrino, C., Bruno, P., Wiesen, P., Moller,
D., Wieprecht, W., Auel, R., Giusto, M., Geyer, A., Platt, U., and Allegrini,
I.: Nitrous acid in the urban area of Rome, Atmos. Environ., 40,
3123–3133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.028, 2006.
Akimoto, H., Nagashima, T., Li, J., Fu, J. S., Ji, D., Tan, J., and Wang, Z.: Comparison of surface ozone simulation among selected regional models in MICS-Asia III – effects of chemistry and vertical transport for the causes of difference, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 603–615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-603-2019, 2019.
Al-Abadleh, H. A. and Grassian, V. H.: Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on hexane
soot: A Knudsen cell and FT-IR study, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 11926–11933,
2000.
Ammann, M., Kalberer, M., Jost, D. T., Tobler, L., Rossler, E., Piguet, D.,
Gaggeler, H. W., and Baltensperger, U.: Heterogeneous production of nitrous acid
on soot in polluted air masses, Nature, 395, 157–160, 1998.
Andrés Hernández, M. D., Hilboll, A., Ziereis, H., Förster, E., Krüger, O. O., Kaiser, K., Schneider, J., Barnaba, F., Vrekoussis, M., Schmidt, J., Huntrieser, H., Blechschmidt, A.-M., George, M., Nenakhov, V., Klausner, T., Holanda, B. A., Wolf, J., Eirenschmalz, L., Krebsbach, M., Pöhlker, M. L., Hedegaard, A. B., Mei, L., Pfeilsticker, K., Liu, Y., Koppmann, R., Schlager, H., Bohn, B., Schumann, U., Richter, A., Schreiner, B., Sauer, D., Baumann, R., Mertens, M., Jöckel, P., Kilian, M., Stratmann, G., Pöhlker, C., Campanelli, M., Pandolfi, M., Sicard, M., Gomez-Amo, J. L., Pujadas, M., Bigge, K., Kluge, F., Schwarz, A., Daskalakis, N., Walter, D., Zahn, A., Pöschl, U., Bönisch, H., Borrmann, S., Platt, U., and Burrows, J. P.: Overview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-500, in review, 2021.
Appel, B. R., Winer, A. M., Tokiwa, Y., and Biermann, H. W.: Comparison of
atmospheric nitrous acid measurements by annular denuder and differential
optical absorption systems, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 611–616, 1990.
Arens, F., Gutzwiller, L., Baltensperger, U., Gaggeler, H., and Ammann, M.:
Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on diesel soot particles, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 35, 2191–2199, 2001.
Aumont, B., Chervier, F., and Laval, S.: Contribution of HONO sources to the
NOx/HOx/O3 chemistry in the polluted boundary layer, Atmos. Environ., 37, 487–498, 2003.
Benedict, K. B. and Anastasio, C.: Quantum Yields of Nitrite (NO
Benedict, K. B., McFall, A. S., and Anastasio, C.: Quantum Yield of Nitrite
from the Photolysis of Aqueous Nitrate above 300 nm, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
51, 4387–4395, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06370, 2017.
Bian, H., Chin, M., Hauglustaine, D. A., Schulz, M., Myhre, G., Bauer, S. E., Lund, M. T., Karydis, V. A., Kucsera, T. L., Pan, X., Pozzer, A., Skeie, R. B., Steenrod, S. D., Sudo, K., Tsigaridis, K., Tsimpidi, A. P., and Tsyro, S. G.: Investigation of global particulate nitrate from the AeroCom phase III experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12911–12940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12911-2017, 2017.
Bongartz, A., Kames, J., Schurath, U., George, C., Mirabel, P., and Ponche, J.
L. J.: Experimental determination of HONO mass accommodation coefficients
using two different techniques, Atmos. Chem., 18, 149–169, 1994.
Brune, W. H., McFarland, P. J., Bruning, E., Waugh, S., MacGorman, D.,
Miller, D. O., Jenkins, J. M., Ren, X., Mao, J., and Peischl, J.: Extreme
oxidant amounts produced by lightning in storm clouds, Science, 372,
711–715, 2021.
Burkholder, J. B., Mellouki, A., Talukdar, R., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Rate
coefficients for the reaction of OH with HONO between 298 and 373 K, Int. J.
Chem. Kinet., 24, 711–725, 1992.
Burkholder, J. B., Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J., Barker, J. R., Huie, R. E.,
Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Orkin, V. L., Wilmouth, D. M., and Wine, P. H.:
Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies,
Evaluation No. 18, JPL Publication 15–10, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Pasadena, http://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov (last access: 30 June 2019), 2015.
Calvert, J. G., Yarwood, G., and Dunker, A. M.: An evaluation of the mechanism of
nitrous acid formation in the urban atmosphere, Res. Chem.
Intermediat., 20, 463–502, 1994.
Cape, J. N., Hargreaves, K. J., Storeton-West, R., Fowler, D., Colvile, R.
N., Choularton, T. W., and Gallagher, M. W.: The contribution of HONO to rural
NOy chemistry as inferred from measurements of nitrite in orographic cloud,
Atmos. Environ., 26A, 2301–2307, 1992.
Chu, L., Diao, G., and Chu, L. T.: Heterogeneous Interaction and Reaction of
HONO on Ice Films between 173 and 230 K, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 3150–3158,
2000.
Deutschmann, T., Beirle, S., Frieß, U., Grzegorski, M., Kern, C.,
Kritten, L., Platt, U., Prados-Roman, C., Puíīte, J., Wagner, T.,
Werner, B., and Pfeilsticker, K.: The Monte Carlo atmospheric radiative
transfer model McArtim: Introduction and validation of Jacobians and 3D
features, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 112, 1119–1137,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.12.009, 2011.
Elshorbany, Y. F., Steil, B., Brühl, C., and Lelieveld, J.: Impact of HONO on global atmospheric chemistry calculated with an empirical parameterization in the EMAC model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9977–10000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9977-2012, 2012.
Febo, A., Perrino, C., and Allegrini, I.: Measurement of nitrous acid in Milan,
Italy, by DOAS and diffusion denuders, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3599–3609,
1996.
Fenter, F. F. and Rossi, M. J.: Heterogeneous Kinetics of HONO on H2SO4
Solutions and on Ice: Activation of HCl, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 13765–13775,
1996.
George, C., Strekowski, R. S., Kleffmann, J., Stemmler, K., and Ammann, M.:
Photoenhanced uptake of gaseous NO2 on solid organic compounds: A
photochemical source of HONO?, Faraday Discuss., 130, 195–210, 2005.
Gerecke, A., Thielmann, A., Gutzwiller, L., Rossi M. J.: The chemical
kinetics of HONO formation resulting from heterogeneous interaction of NO2
with flame soot, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2453–2456, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01796, 1998.
Ha, T. M. P., Taketani, F., Kanaya, Y., Matsuda, R., and Sudo, K.: Effects of heterogeneous reactions on global tropospheric chemistry (CHASER-V4.0), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4153452, 2020.
Kleinert, F., Leufen, L. H., and Schultz, M. G.: IntelliO3-ts v1.0: a neural network approach to predict near-surface ozone concentrations in Germany, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1-2021, 2021.
Harris, G. W., Carter, W. P. L., Winer, A. M., Pitts, J. N., Platt, U., and Perner,
D.: Observations of nitrous acid in the Los Angeles atmosphere and
implications for predictions of ozone-precursor relationships, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 16, 414–419, 1982.
Harrison, R. M. and Collins, G. M.: Measurements of reaction coefficients of NO2
and HONO on aerosol particles, J. Atmos. Chem., 30, 397–406, 1998.
Harrison, R. M. and Kitto, N.: Evidence for a surface source of atmospheric
nitrous acid, Atmos. Environ., 28, 1089–1094, 1994.
Hayashi, K. and Noguchi, I.: Indirect emission of nitrous acid from grasslands
indicated by concentration gradients, J. Jpn. Soc. Atmos. Environ., 41, 279–287, 2006.
Holmes, C. D., Bertram, T. H., Confer, K. L., Graham, K. A., Ronan, A. C., Wirks, C. K., and Shah, V.: The Role of Clouds in the Tropospheric NOx Cycle: A New Modeling Approach for Cloud Chemistry and Its Global Implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 4980–4990, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL081990, 2019.
Hüneke, T., Aderhold, O.-A., Bounin, J., Dorf, M., Gentry, E., Grossmann, K., Grooß, J.-U., Hoor, P., Jöckel, P., Kenntner, M., Knapp, M., Knecht, M., Lörks, D., Ludmann, S., Matthes, S., Raecke, R., Reichert, M., Weimar, J., Werner, B., Zahn, A., Ziereis, H., and Pfeilsticker, K.: The novel HALO mini-DOAS instrument: inferring trace gas concentrations from airborne UV/visible limb spectroscopy under all skies using the scaling method, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4209–4234, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4209-2017, 2017.
Institut für Umweltphysik: Universität Bremen, EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the Transport and Transformation of Pollutants on the Regional to Global Scales), https://www.iup.uni-bremen.de/emerge/home/halo_payload.html, last access: 30 January 2023.
Jacob, D. J.: Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2131–2159, 2000.
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology: Application for Request of Data or Samples Obtained by JAMSTEC's Research Vessels and Submersibles, GODAC [data set], http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/e, last access: 30 January 2023.
Jenkin, M. E., Cox, R. A., and Williams, D. J.: Laboratory studies of the kinetics
of formation of nitrous acid from the thermal reaction of nitrogen dioxide
and water vapour, Atmos. Environ., 22, 487–498, 1988.
Jorba, O., Dabdub, D., Blaszczak-Boxe, C., Pérez, C., Janjic, Z.,
Baldasano, J. M., Spada, M., Badia, A., and Gonçalves, M.: Potential
significance of photoexcited NO2 on global air quality with the NMMB/BSC
chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D13301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017730, 2012.
Kalberer, M., Ammann, M., Arens, F., Gaggeler, H. W., and Baltensperger, U.:
Heterogeneous formation of nitrous acid (HNO2) on soot aerosol particles,
J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13825–13832, 1999.
Kanaya, Y., Cao, R., Akimoto, H., Fukuda, M., Komazaki, Y., Yokouchi, Y.,
Koike, M., Tanimoto, H., Takegawa, N., and Kondo, Y.: Urban photochemistry
in central Tokyo: 1. Observed and modeled OH and HO2 radical concentrations
during the winter and summer of 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D21312,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008670, 2007.
Kanaya, Y., Miyazaki, K., Taketani, F., Miyakawa, T., Takashima, H., Komazaki, Y., Pan, X., Kato, S., Sudo, K., Sekiya, T., Inoue, J., Sato, K., and Oshima, K.: Ozone and carbon monoxide observations over open oceans on
Kerbrat, M., Huthwelker, T., Gaggeler, H. W., and Ammann, M.: Interaction of
Nitrous Acid with Polycrystalline Ice: Adsorption on the Surface and
Diffusion into the Bulk, J. Phys. Chem. C, 114, 2208–2219, 2010.
Kessler, C. and Platt, U.: Nitrous acid in polluted air masses: sources and
formation pathways, in: Physicochemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutan/s,
Proc. 3rd Europ. Sump. Varese, Iralv, edited by: Versino B. and
Angdletti, G.j, Reidel, Doidrecht, 412–422, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6505-8_44, 1984.
Kirchstetter, T. W., Harley, R. A., and Littlejohn, D.: Measurement of Nitrous
Acid in Motor Vehicle Exhaust, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2843–2849, 1996.
Kleffmann, J. and Wiesen, P.: Heterogeneous conversion of NO2 and NO on HNO3 treated soot surfaces: atmospheric implications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 77–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-77-2005, 2005.
Kleffmann, J., Becker, K. H., and Wiesen, P.: Heterogeneous NO2 conversion
processes on acid surfaces: possible atmospheric implications, Atmos. Environ., 32, 2721–2729, 1998.
Kleffmann, J., Becker, K. H., Lackhoff, M., and Wiesen, P.: Heterogeneous
conversion of NO2 on carbonaceous surfaces, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1,
5443–5450, https://doi.org/10.1039/A905545B, 1999.
Kleffmann, J., Kurtenbacha, R., Lorzer, J., Wiesen, P., Kalthoff, N.,
Vogel, B., and Vogel, H.: Measured and simulated vertical profiles of nitrous
acid – Part I: Field measurements, Atmos. Environ., 37, 2949–2955,
2003.
Kluge, F., Hüneke, T., Knecht, M., Lichtenstern, M., Rotermund, M., Schlager, H., Schreiner, B., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Profiling of formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and CO over the Amazon: normalized excess mixing ratios and related emission factors in biomass burning plumes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12363–12389, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12363-2020, 2020.
Kurtenbach, R., Becker, K. H., Gomes, J. A. G., Kleffmann, J., Lorzer, J. C.,
Spittler, M., Wiesen, P., Ackermann, R., Geyer, A., and Platt, U.:
Investigations of emissions and heterogeneous formation of HONO in a road
traffic tunnel, Atmos. Environ., 35, 3385–3394, 2001.
Lammel, G. and Cape, J. N.: Nitrous Acid and Nitrite in the Atmosphere, Chem.
Soc. ReV., 25, 361-369, https://doi.org/10.1039/CS9962500361, 1996.
Lary, D. J., Lee, A. M., Toumi, R., Newchurch, M. J., Pirre, M., and Renard, J. B.: Carbon aerosols and atmospheric photochemistry, J. Geophys.
Res., 102, 3671–3682, 1997.
Lee, B. H., Santoni, G. W., Wood, E. C., Herndon, S. C., Miake-Lye, R. C.,
Zahniser, M. S., Wofsy, S. C., and Munger, J. W.: Measurements of Nitrous
Acid in Commercial Aircraft Exhaust at the Alternative Aviation Fuel
Experiment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45,
7648–7654, dx.doi.org/10.1021/es200921t, 2011.
Lee, J. D., Whalley, L. K., Heard, D. E., Stone, D., Dunmore, R. E., Hamilton, J. F., Young, D. E., Allan, J. D., Laufs, S., and Kleffmann, J.: Detailed budget analysis of HONO in central London reveals a missing daytime source, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2747–2764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2747-2016, 2016.
Li, J., Chen, X., Wang, Z., Du, H., Yang, W., Sun, Y., Hu, B., Li, J., Wang,
W., Wang, T., Fu, P., and Huang, H.: Radiative and heterogeneous chemical
effects of aerosols on ozone and inorganic aerosols over East Asia, Sci. Total Environ., 622–623, 1327–1342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.041, 2018.
Li, X., Rohrer, F., Hofzumahaus, A., Brauers, T., Häseler, R., Bohn, B.,
Broch, S., Fuchs, H., Gomm, S., Holland, F., Jäger, J., Kaiser, J.,
Keutsch, F. N., Lohse, I., Lu, K., Tillmann, R., Wegener, R., Wolfe, G. M.,
Mentel, T. F., Kiendler-Scharr, A., and Wahner, A.: Missing Gas-Phase Source of
HONO Inferred from Zeppelin Measurements in the Troposphere, Science, 344,
292–296, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1248999, 2014.
Li, Y., An, J., Min, M., Zhang, W., Wang, F., Xie, P.: Impacts of HONO
sources on the air quality in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province of China,
Atmos. Environ., 45, 4735–4744, 2011.
Li, Y., An, J., Kajino, M., Gultepe, I., Chen, Y., Song, T., and Xin, J.:
Impacts of additional HONO sources on O3 and PM2.5 chemical coupling and
control strategies in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China, Tellus B, 67, 23930, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.23930, 2015.
Liao, H., Adams, P., Serena, H. C., Seinfeld, J. H., Mickley, L., and Jacob, D.
J.: Interactions between Tropospheric Chemistry and Aerosols in a Unified
GCM Simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001260, 2003.
Lin, M., Fiore, A. M., Cooper, O. R., Horowitz, L. W., Langford, A. O., Levy
II, H., Johnson, B. J., Naik, V., Oltmans, S. J., and Senff, C. J.:
Springtime high surface ozone events over the western United States:
Quantifying the role of stratospheric intrusions, J. Geophys. Res., 117,
D00V22, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018151, 2012.
Liu, X.-H., Zhang, Y., Xing, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, K., Streets, D. G., Jang, C.,
Wang, W.-X., and Hao, J.-M.: Understanding of regional air pollution over China
using CMAQ, part II, Process analysis and sensitivity of ozone and
particulate matter to precursor emissions, Atmos. Environ., 44,
3719–3727, 2010.
Lu, X., Wang, Y., Li, J., Shen, L., and Fung, C. H. J.: Evidence of
heterogeneous HONO formation from aerosols and the regional photochemical
impact of this HONO source, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 114002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae492, 2018.
Martin, R. V., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Chin, M., and Ginoux, P.:
Global and regional decreases in tropospheric oxidants from photochemical
effects of aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4097, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002622, 2003.
Meilinger, S. K., Kärcher, B., and Peter, Th.: Microphysics and heterogeneous chemistry in aircraft plumes – high sensitivity on local meteorology and atmospheric composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 533–545, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-533-2005, 2005.
Mertes, S. and Wahner, A.: Uptake of nitrogen dioxide and nitrous acid on
aqueous surfaces, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 14000–14006, 1995.
Monge, M. E., D'Anna, B., Mazri, L., Giroir-Fendler, A., Ammann, M.,
Donaldson, D. J., and George, C.: Light changes the atmospheric reactivity
of soot, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6605–6609, 2010.
Morgenstern, O., Hegglin, M. I., Rozanov, E., O'Connor, F. M., Abraham, N. L., Akiyoshi, H., Archibald, A. T., Bekki, S., Butchart, N., Chipperfield, M. P., Deushi, M., Dhomse, S. S., Garcia, R. R., Hardiman, S. C., Horowitz, L. W., Jöckel, P., Josse, B., Kinnison, D., Lin, M., Mancini, E., Manyin, M. E., Marchand, M., Marécal, V., Michou, M., Oman, L. D., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Revell, L. E., Saint-Martin, D., Schofield, R., Stenke, A., Stone, K., Sudo, K., Tanaka, T. Y., Tilmes, S., Yamashita, Y., Yoshida, K., and Zeng, G.: Review of the global models used within phase 1 of the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 639–671, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-639-2017, 2017.
Ndour, M., D'Anna, B., George, C., Ka, O., Balkanski, Y., Kleffmann, J.,
Stemmler, K., and Ammann, M.: Photoenhanced uptake of NO2 on mineral dust:
Laboratory experiments and model simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35,
L05812, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032006, 2008.
Network Center for EANET: EANET Data on the Acid Deposition in the East Asian Region, EANET [data set], https://monitoring.eanet.asia/document/public/index, last access: 25 February 2020.
Notholt, J., Hjorth, J., and Raes, F.: Formation of HNO2 on aerosol surfaces
during foggy periods in the presence of NO and NO2, Atmos. Environ.
26A, 211–217, 1992.
Oswald, R., Behrendt, T., Ermel, M., Wu, D., Su, H., Cheng, Y., Breuninger,
C., Moravek, A., Mougin, E., Delon, C., Loubeta, B., Pommerening-Röserm,
A., Sörgelu, M., Pöschlt, U., Hoffmannm, T., Andreaef, M. O.,
Meixnerand, F. X., and Trebs, I.: HONO emissions from soil bacteria as a major
source of atmospheric reactive nitrogen, Science, 341, 1233–1235, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1242266, 2013.
Veefkind, P.: OMI/Aura Ozone (O3) DOAS Total Column Daily L2 Global Gridded
Platt, U. and Perner, D.: Direct Measurements of Atmospheric CH2O, HNO2, O3,
NO2, and SO2 by Differential Optical Absorption in the Near UV, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 7453–7458, 1980.
Platt, U. and Stutz, J.: Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, Principles and Applications, in: Physics of Earth and Space Environments,
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75776-4,
2008.
Porada, P., Tamm, A., Raggio, J., Cheng, Y., Kleidon, A., Pöschl, U., and Weber, B.: Global NO and HONO emissions of biological soil crusts estimated by a process-based non-vascular vegetation model, Biogeosciences, 16, 2003–2031, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2003-2019, 2019.
Reisinger, R. A.: Observations of HNO2 in the polluted winter atmosphere:
possible heterogeneous production on aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 34,
3865–3874, 2000.
Ren, X, Duin, D. van, Cazorla, M., Chen, S., Mao, J., Zhang, L., Brune, W.
H., Flynn, J. H., Grossberg, N., Lefer, B. L., Rappenglück, B., Wong, K.
W., Tsai, C., Stutz, J., Dibb, J. E., Jobson, B. T., Luke, W. T., and Kelley,
P.: Atmospheric oxidation chemistry and ozone production: Results from SHARP
2009 in Houston, Texas, USA, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5770–5780,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50342, 2013.
Romer, P. S., Wooldridge, P. J., Crounse, J. D., Kim, M. J., Wennberg, P.
O., Dibb, J. E., Scheuer, E., Blake, D. R., Meinardi, S., Brosius, A. L.,
Thames, A. B., Miller, D. O., Brune, W. H., Hall, S. R., Ryerson, T. B., and
Cohen, R. C.: Constraints on Aerosol Nitrate Photolysis as a Potential
Source of HONO and NOx, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2018, 13738–13746, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03861, 2018.
Rotermund, M. K., Bense, V., Chipperfield, M. P., Engel, A., Grooß, J.-U., Hoor, P., Hüneke, T., Keber, T., Kluge, F., Schreiner, B., Schuck, T., Vogel, B., Zahn, A., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Organic and inorganic bromine measurements around the extratropical tropopause and lowermost stratosphere: insights into the transport pathways and total bromine, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15375–15407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15375-2021, 2021.
Rubio, M. A., Lissi, E., and Villena, G.: Nitrite in rain and dew in Santiago
city, Chile, Its possible impact on the early morning start of the
photochemical smog, Atmos. Environ. 32, 293–297, 2002.
Saathoff, H., Naumann, K.-H., Riemer, N., Kamm, S., Mohler, O., Schurath,
U., Vogel, H., and Vogel, B.: The loss of NO2, HNO3, NO
Salgado-Muñoz, M. S. and Rossi, M. J.: Heterogeneous reactions of HNO3
with flame soot generated under different combustion conditions, Reaction
mechanism and kinetics, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 5110–5118, 2002.
Sakamaki, F., Hatakeyama, S., and Akimoto, H.: Formation of nitrous acid and
nitric acid in the heterogeneous dark reaction of nitrogen dioxide and water
vapour in smog chamber, J. Them. Kinet., 15, 1013–1029, 1983.
Scharko, N. K., Berke, A. E., and Raff, J. D.: Release of Nitrous Acid and
Nitrogen Dioxide from Nitrate Photolysis in Acidic Aqueous Solutions,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2014, 11991–12001,
dx.doi.org/10.1021/es503088x, 2014.
Schwartz, S. E.: Mass-Transport Considerations Pertinent to Aqueous Phase
Reactions of Gases in Liquid-Water Clouds, in: Chemistry of Multiphase
Atmospheric Systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 415–471, ISBN 9783642706295, 1986.
Sekiya, T. and Sudo, K.: Roles of transport and chemistry processes in
global ozone change on interannual and multidecadal time scales, J. Geophys.
Res., 119, 4903–4921, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020838, 2014.
Sekiya, T., Miyazaki, K., Ogochi, K., Sudo, K., and Takigawa, M.: Global high-resolution simulations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide using CHASER V4.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 959–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-959-2018, 2018.
Stadler, D., Rossi, M. J.: The reactivity of NO2 and HNO2 on flame soot at ambient temperature: The influence of combustion conditions, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2, 5420–5429, https://doi.org/10.1039/b005680o, 2000.
Stemmler, K., Ndour, M., Elshorbany, Y., Kleffmann, J., D'Anna, B., George, C., Bohn, B., and Ammann, M.: Light induced conversion of nitrogen dioxide into nitrous acid on submicron humic acid aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4237–4248, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4237-2007, 2007.
Stohl, A., Bonasoni, P., Cristofanelli, P., Collins, W., Feichter, J.,
Frank, A., Forster, C., Gerasopoulos, E., Gäggeler, H.,
James, P., Kentarchos, T., Kromp-Kolb, H., Krüger, B.,
Land, C., Meloen, J., Papayannis, A., Priller, A., Seibert, P., Sprenger,
M., Roelofs, G. J., Scheel, H. E., Schnabel, C., Siegmund, P., Tobler, L.,
Trickl, T., Wernli, H., Wirth, V., Zanis, P., and Zerefos, C.:
Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from
STACCATO, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8516, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002490, 2003.
Stutz, J., Alicke, B., and Neftel, A.: Nitrous acid formation in the urban
atmosphere: Gradient measurements of NO2 and HONO over grass in Milan,
Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8192, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000390, 2002.
Stutz, J., Werner, B., Spolaor, M., Scalone, L., Festa, J., Tsai, C., Cheung, R., Colosimo, S. F., Tricoli, U., Raecke, R., Hossaini, R., Chipperfield, M. P., Feng, W., Gao, R.-S., Hintsa, E. J., Elkins, J. W., Moore, F. L., Daube, B., Pittman, J., Wofsy, S., and Pfeilsticker, K.: A new Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy instrument to study atmospheric chemistry from a high-altitude unmanned aircraft, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1017–1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1017-2017, 2017.
Su, H., Cheng, Y., Oswald, R., Behrendt, T., Trebs, I., Meixner, F. X.,
Andreae, M. O., Cheng, P., Zhang, Y., and Pöschl, U.: Soil Nitrite as a
Source of Atmospheric HONO and OH Radicals, Science, 333, 1616–1618,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207687, 2011.
Sudo, K. and Akimoto, H.: Global source attribution of tropospheric ozone:
Long-range transport from various source regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
112, D12302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007992, 2007.
Sudo, K., Takahashi, M., Kurokawa, J. I., and Akimoto, H.: CHASER: A global
chemical model of the troposphere 1. Model description, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4339, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001113, 2002.
Tan, Z., Fuchs, H., Lu, K., Hofzumahaus, A., Bohn, B., Broch, S., Dong, H., Gomm, S., Häseler, R., He, L., Holland, F., Li, X., Liu, Y., Lu, S., Rohrer, F., Shao, M., Wang, B., Wang, M., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Radical chemistry at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North China Plain: observation and model calculations of OH, HO2 and RO2 radicals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 663–690, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-663-2017, 2017.
Theys, N., Volkamer, R., Müller, J.-F. , Zarzana, K. J., Kille, N.,
Clarisse, L., De Smedt, I., Lerot, C., Finkenzeller, H., Hendrick, F.,
Koenig, T. K., Lee, C. F., Knote, C., Yu, H., and Roozendael, M. V.: Global
nitrous acid emissions and levels of regional oxidants enhanced by
wildfires, Nat. Geosci., 13, 681–686, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0637-7,
2020.
Thornton, J. A., Jaeglé, L., and McNeill, V. F.: Assessing known
pathways for HO2 loss in aqueous atmospheric aerosols: Regional and global
impacts on tropospheric oxidants, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D05303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009236, 2008.
Tørseth, K., Aas, W., Breivik, K., Fjæraa, A. M., Fiebig, M., Hjellbrekke, A. G., Lund Myhre, C., Solberg, S., and Yttri, K. E.: Introduction to the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and observed atmospheric composition change during 1972–2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5447–5481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5447-2012, 2012.
Trickl, T., Vogelmann, H., Giehl, H., Scheel, H.-E., Sprenger, M., and Stohl, A.: How stratospheric are deep stratospheric intrusions?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9941–9961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9941-2014, 2014.
VandenBoer, T. C., Brown, S. S., Murphy, J. G., Keene, W. C., Young, C. J.,
Pszenny, A. A. P., Kim, S., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Maben, J. R.,
Wagner, N. L., Riedel, T. P., Thornton, J. A., Wolfe, D. E., Dubé, W.
P., Öztürk, F., Brock, C. A., Grossberg, N., Lefer, B., Lerner, B.,
Middlebrook, A. M., and Roberts, J. M.: Understanding the role of the ground
surface in HONO vertical structure: High resolution vertical profiles during
NACHTT-11, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 10155–10171,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50721, 2013.
Wang, Y., Dörner, S., Donner, S., Böhnke, S., De Smedt, I., Dickerson, R. R., Dong, Z., He, H., Li, Z., Li, Z., Li, D., Liu, D., Ren, X., Theys, N., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Xu, H., Xu, J., and Wagner, T.: Vertical profiles of NO2, SO2, HONO, HCHO, CHOCHO and aerosols derived from MAX-DOAS measurements at a rural site in the central western North China Plain and their relation to emission sources and effects of regional transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5417–5449, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5417-2019, 2019.
Watanabe, S., Hajima, T., Sudo, K., Nagashima, T., Takemura, T., Okajima, H., Nozawa, T., Kawase, H., Abe, M., Yokohata, T., Ise, T., Sato, H., Kato, E., Takata, K., Emori, S., and Kawamiya, M.: MIROC-ESM 2010: model description and basic results of CMIP5-20c3m experiments, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 845–872, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-845-2011, 2011.
Werner, B., Stutz, J., Spolaor, M., Scalone, L., Raecke, R., Festa, J., Colosimo, S. F., Cheung, R., Tsai, C., Hossaini, R., Chipperfield, M. P., Taverna, G. S., Feng, W., Elkins, J. W., Fahey, D. W., Gao, R.-S., Hintsa, E. J., Thornberry, T. D., Moore, F. L., Navarro, M. A., Atlas, E., Daube, B. C., Pittman, J., Wofsy, S., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Probing the subtropical lowermost stratosphere and the tropical upper troposphere and tropopause layer for inorganic bromine, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1161–1186, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1161-2017, 2017.
Whalley, L. K., Stone, D., Dunmore, R., Hamilton, J., Hopkins, J. R., Lee, J. D., Lewis, A. C., Williams, P., Kleffmann, J., Laufs, S., Woodward-Massey, R., and Heard, D. E.: Understanding in situ ozone production in the summertime through radical observations and modelling studies during the Clean air for London project (ClearfLo), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2547–2571, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2547-2018, 2018.
Xing, J., Wang, J., Mathur, R., Wang, S., Sarwar, G., Pleim, J., Hogrefe, C., Zhang, Y., Jiang, J., Wong, D. C., and Hao, J.: Impacts of aerosol direct effects on tropospheric ozone through changes in atmospheric dynamics and photolysis rates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9869–9883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9869-2017, 2017.
Xue, C., Ye, C., Kleffmann, J., Zhang, C., Catoire, V., Bao, F., Mellouki, A., Xue, L., Chen, J., Lu, K., Zhao, Y., Liu, H., Guo, Z., and Mu, Y.: Atmospheric measurements at Mt. Tai – Part I: HONO formation and its role in the oxidizing capacity of the upper boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3149–3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3149-2022, 2022a.
Xue, C., Ye, C., Kleffmann, J., Zhang, W., He, X., Liu, P., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Liu, C., Ma, Z., Liu, J., Wang, J., Lu, K., Catoire, V., Mellouki, A., and Mu, Y.: Atmospheric measurements at Mt. Tai – Part II: HONO budget and radical (ROx + NO3) chemistry in the lower boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1035–1057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1035-2022, 2022b.
Ye, C., Zhou, X., Pu, D., Stutz, J., Festa, J., Spolaor, M., Tsai, C., Cantrell, C., Mauldin III, R. L., Weinheimer, A., Hornbrook, R. S., Apel, E. C., Guenther, A., Kaser, L., Yuan, B., Karl, T., Haggerty, J., Hall, S., Ullmann, K., Smith, J., and Ortega, J.: Tropospheric HONO distribution and chemistry in the southeastern US, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9107–9120, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9107-2018, 2018.
Zhang, L., Wang, T., Zhang, Q., Zheng, J., Xu, Z., and Lv, M.: Potential
sources of nitrous acid (HONO) and their impacts on ozone: A WRF-Chem study
in a polluted subtropical region, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 3645–3662,
2016.
Zhang, N., Zhou, X., Shepson, P. B., Gao, H., Alaghmand, M., and Stirm, B.:
Aircraft measurement of HONO vertical profiles over a forested region,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15820, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038999, 2009.
Zhang, S., Sarwar, G., Xing, J., Chu, B., Xue, C., Sarav, A., Ding, D., Zheng, H., Mu, Y., Duan, F., Ma, T., and He, H.: Improving the representation of HONO chemistry in CMAQ and examining its impact on haze over China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15809–15826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15809-2021, 2021.
Zheng, J., Shi, X., Ma, Y., Ren, X., Jabbour, H., Diao, Y., Wang, W., Ge, Y., Zhang, Y., and Zhu, W.: Contribution of nitrous acid to the atmospheric oxidation capacity in an industrial zone in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5457–5475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5457-2020, 2020.
Zhou, X., Zhang, N., TerAvest, M., Tang, D., Hou, J., Bertman, S., Alaghmand, M., Shepson, P. B., Carroll, M. A., Griffith, S., Dusanter, S., and Stevens, P. S.: Nitric acid photolysis on forest canopy surface as a source for tropospheric nitrous acid, Nat. Geosci., 4, 440–443, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1164, 2011.
Short summary
HONO affects tropospheric oxidizing capacity; thus, it is implemented into the chemistry–climate model CHASER. The model substantially underpredicts daytime HONO, while nitrate photolysis on surfaces can supplement the daytime HONO budget. Current HONO chemistry predicts reductions of 20.4 % for global tropospheric NOx, 40–67 % for OH, and 30–45 % for O3 in the summer North Pacific. In contrast, OH and O3 winter levels in China are greatly enhanced.
HONO affects tropospheric oxidizing capacity; thus, it is implemented into the chemistry–climate...
