Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1413-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1413-2025
Model description paper
 | 
06 Mar 2025
Model description paper |  | 06 Mar 2025

Modeling commercial-scale CO2 storage in the gas hydrate stability zone with PFLOTRAN v6.0

Michael Nole, Jonah Bartrand, Fawz Naim, and Glenn Hammond

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This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
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Cited articles

Al Hameli, F., Belhaj, H., and Al Dhuhoori, M.: CO2 sequestration overview in geological formations: Trapping mechanisms matrix assessment, Energies, 15, 7805, https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207805, 2022. 
Anderson, R., Llamedo, M., Tohidi, B., and Burgass, R. W.: Experimental measurement of methane and carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate equilibria in mesoporous silica, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 3507–3514, 2003. 
Belgodere, C., Dubessy, J., Vautrin, D., Caumon, M. C., Sterpenich, J., Pironon, J., Robert, P., Randi, A., and Birat, J. P.: Experimental determination of CO2 diffusion coefficient in aqueous solutions under pressure at room temperature via Raman spectroscopy: impact of salinity (NaCl), J. Raman Spectrosc., 46, 1025–1032, 2015. 
Cadogan, S. P., Maitland, G. C., and Trusler, J. M.: Diffusion coefficients of CO2 and N2 in water at temperatures between 298.15 and 423.15 K at pressures up to 45 MPa, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 59, 519–525, 2014. 
Carty, O. R. and Daigle, H.: Microbial methane generation and implications for stability of shallow sediments on the upper slope, US Atlantic margin, Front. Earth Sci., 10, 835685, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.835685, 2022. 
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Safe carbon dioxide (CO2) storage is likely to be critical for mitigating some of the most severe effects of climate change. We present a simulation framework for modeling COstorage beneath the seafloor, where COcan form a solid. This can aid in permanent COstorage for long periods of time. Our models show what a commercial-scale CO2 injection would look like in a marine environment. We discuss what would need to be considered when designing a subsea CO2 injection.
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