Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1287-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1287-2025
Development and technical paper
 | 
03 Mar 2025
Development and technical paper |  | 03 Mar 2025

T&C-CROP: representing mechanistic crop growth with a terrestrial biosphere model (T&C, v1.5) – model formulation and validation

Jordi Buckley Paules, Simone Fatichi, Bonnie Warring, and Athanasios Paschalis

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Amanullah: Specific leaf area and specific leaf weight in small grain crops wheat, rye, barley, and oats differ at various growth stages and NPK source, J. Plant Nutr., 38, 1694–1708, https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1017051, 2015. 
Ansarifar, J., Wang, L., and Archontoulis, S. V.: An interaction regression model for crop yield prediction, Sci. Rep., 11, 17754, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97221-7, 2021. 
Aubinet, M., Moureaux, C., Bodson, B., Dufranne, D., Heinesch, B., Suleau, M., Vancutsem, F., and Vilret, A.: Carbon sequestration by a crop over a 4-year sugar beet/winter wheat/seed potato/winter wheat rotation cycle, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 149, 407–418, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.09.003, 2009. 
Bilionis, I., Drewniak, B. A., and Constantinescu, E. M.: Crop physiology calibration in the CLM, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1071–1083, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1071-2015, 2015. 
Boas, T., Bogena, H., Grünwald, T., Heinesch, B., Ryu, D., Schmidt, M., Vereecken, H., Western, A., and Hendricks Franssen, H.-J.: Improving the representation of cropland sites in the Community Land Model (CLM) version 5.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 573–601, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-573-2021, 2021. 
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Short summary
We present and validate enhancements to the process-based T&C model aimed at improving its representation of crop growth and management practices. The updated model, T&C-CROP, enables applications such as analysing the hydrological and carbon storage impacts of land use transitions (e.g. conversions between crops, forests, and pastures) and optimizing irrigation and fertilization strategies in response to climate change.
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