Articles | Volume 14, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6445-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6445-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Methods for assessment of models
| Highlight paper
| 
25 Oct 2021
Methods for assessment of models | Highlight paper |
| 25 Oct 2021
| 25 Oct 2021
The interpretation of temperature and salinity variables in numerical ocean model output and the calculation of heat fluxes and heat content
Trevor J. McDougall
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Paul M. Barker
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Ryan M. Holmes
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for
Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
current affiliation: School of Geosciences, University of Sydney,
Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Rich Pawlowicz
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
Stephen M. Griffies
NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, and Princeton University Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Paul J. Durack
Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
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Based on the near-synchronous oceanographic and ocean chemical data from 2006 to 2007, the present paper shows the magnitude, distribution characteristics, and formation mechanism of Absolute Salinity in China offshore waters. These results are valuable supplements for the new worldwide standard for oceanography, The international thermodynamic equation of seawater – 2010, in which the Absolute Salinity algorithm is not very clear to date for offshore and semi-closed sea due to the lack of data.
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The new surface forcing from JRA55-do (OMIP II) significantly improved the underestimated sea level trend across the entire Pacific Ocean along 10° N in the simulation forced by CORE (OMIP I). We summarize and list out the reasons for the existing sea level biases across all studied timescales as a reference for improving the sea level simulation in the future. This study on the evaluation and improvement of ocean climate models should be of broad interest to a large modeling community.
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Recently, the stratospheric aerosol forcing dataset used as an input to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 was updated. This work explores the impact of those changes on the modelled historical climates in the CanESM5 and EAMv1 models. Temperature differences in the stratosphere shortly after the Pinatubo eruption are found to be significant, but surface temperatures and precipitation do not show a significant change.
Fengying Ji, Xuejun Xiong, and Rich Pawlowicz
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-84, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-84, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
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The Absolute Salinity SA of China offshore sea water ranges from 12 to 34.66 g kg-1, in which the Absolute Salinity Anomaly δSA ranges from 0 to 0.20 g kg-1;
Calcium carbonate is the main composition anomaly of China offshore sea water relative to SSW and the primary contributor to the δSA;
The largest δSA locates in the regions with high calcium carbonate:the northern Jiangsu shoals, Bohai Sea, the Yangtze River mouth;
The practical salinity rise 0.04 at most due to compositon change.
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Short summary
We show that the way that the air–sea heat flux is treated in ocean models means that the model's temperature variable should be interpreted as being Conservative Temperature, irrespective of whether the equation of state used in an ocean model is EOS-80 or TEOS-10.
We show that the way that the air–sea heat flux is treated in ocean models means that the...
