Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4031-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4031-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| Highlight paper
| 
18 May 2026
Development and technical paper | Highlight paper |
| 18 May 2026
| 18 May 2026
Love number computation within the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM v4.24)
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91011, USA
Erik Ivins
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91011, USA
Eric Larour
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91011, USA
Surendra Adhikari
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91011, USA
Laurent Métivier
Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
Univ Gustave Eiffel, ENSG, IGN, 75238 Paris, France
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Luc Houriez, Eric Larour, Lambert Caron, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Surendra Adhikari, Erik Ivins, Tyler Pelle, Hélène Seroussi, Eric Darve, and Martin Fischer
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This work examines how interactions between the ice sheet and the Earth’s evolving surface affect the future of Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica. We find that small features in the bedrock play a major role in these interactions which can delay the glacier’s retreat by decades or even centuries. This can significantly reduce sea-level rise projections. Our study highlights resolution requirements for similar ice–earth models and the importance of bedrock mapping efforts in Antarctica.
Surendra Adhikari, Lambert Caron, Holly K. Han, Luc Houriez, Eric Larour, and Erik Ivins
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3561, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3561, 2025
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We present an efficient way of coupling ice sheet and solid Earth models, targeting ice sheet modelers with little knowledge of and interest in glacial isostatic adjustment processes. We distill solid Earth response signals into "Green's functions," which can be convolved with the spatiotemporal pattern of modeled ice mass change using simple matrix multiplication. The manuscript is timely and encourages greater participation with coupled ice/Earth simulations in the ongoing ISMIP effort.
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Mass loss from Antarctica is a key contributor to sea level rise over the 21st century, and the associated uncertainty dominates sea level projections. We highlight here the Antarctic glaciers showing the largest changes and quantify the main sources of uncertainty in their future evolution using an ensemble of ice flow models. We show that on top of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, Totten and Moscow University glaciers show rapid changes and a strong sensitivity to warmer ocean conditions.
Mattia Poinelli, Michael Schodlok, Eric Larour, Miren Vizcaino, and Riccardo Riva
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Kevin Bulthuis and Eric Larour
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We present and implement a stochastic solver to sample spatially and temporal varying uncertain input parameters in the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model, such as ice thickness or surface mass balance. We represent these sources of uncertainty using Gaussian random fields with Matérn covariance function. We generate random samples of this random field using an efficient computational approach based on solving a stochastic partial differential equation.
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Editorial statement
The viscoelastic Love Numbers underlie our ability to simulate spatially variable sea-level change. They are indeed the "secret sauce" in any such modeling effort. This paper, while technical, takes us to the back of the kitchen to share how the next-generation sauce is made. The resultant Love Numbers will be used to predict sea-level changes and glacial isostatic adjustment with more realistic mantle rheologies.
The viscoelastic Love Numbers underlie our ability to simulate spatially variable sea-level...
Short summary
Presented here is a new model of the solid-Earth response to tides and mass changes in ice sheets, oceans, and groundwater, in of terms of gravity change and bedrock motion. The model is capable simulating mantle deformation including elasticity, transient and steady-state viscous flow. We detail our approach to numerical optimization, and report the accuracy of results with respect to community benchmarks. The resulting coupled system features kilometer-scale resolution and fast computation.
Presented here is a new model of the solid-Earth response to tides and mass changes in ice...
