Articles | Volume 18, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5937-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5937-2025
Model experiment description paper
 | 
15 Sep 2025
Model experiment description paper |  | 15 Sep 2025

The Atmospheric Potential Oxygen forward Model Intercomparison Project (APO-MIP1): evaluating simulated atmospheric transport of air-sea gas exchange tracers and APO flux products

Yuming Jin, Britton B. Stephens, Matthew C. Long, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Joram J. D. Hooghiem, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Shamil Maksyutov, Eric J. Morgan, Yosuke Niwa, Prabir K. Patra, Christian Rödenbeck, and Jesse Vance

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Cited articles

Adcock, K. E., Pickers, P. A., Manning, A. C., Forster, G. L., Fleming, L. S., Barningham, T., Wilson, P. A., Kozlova, E. A., Hewitt, M., Etchells, A. J., and Macdonald, A. J.: 12 years of continuous atmospheric O2, CO2 and APO data from Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory in the United Kingdom, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5183–5206, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5183-2023, 2023. 
Bailey, A., Singh, H. K. A., and Nusbaumer, J.: Evaluating a Moist Isentropic Framework for Poleward Moisture Transport: Implications for Water Isotopes Over Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 7819–7827, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082965, 2019. 
Baker, D. F., Law, R. M., Gurney, K. R., Rayner, P., Peylin, P., Denning, A. S., Bousquet, P., Bruhwiler, L., Chen, Y.-H., Ciais, P., Fung, I. Y., Heimann, M., John, J., Maki, T., Maksyutov, S., Masarie, K., Prather, M., Pak, B., Taguchi, S., and Zhu, Z.: TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO2 fluxes, 1988–2003, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006. 
Basu, S. and Nassar, R.: Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions for the OCO2 Model Intercomparison Project (MIP) (2020.1), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4776925, 2021. 
Battle, M., Fletcher, S. M., Bender, M. L., Keeling, R. F., Manning, A. C., Gruber, N., Tans, P. P., Hendricks, M. B., Ho, D. T., Simonds, C., Mika, R., and Paplawsky, B.: Atmospheric potential oxygen: New observations and their implications for some atmospheric and oceanic models, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, 2005GB002534, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002534, 2006. 
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Short summary
We carry out a comprehensive atmospheric transport model (ATM) intercomparison project. This project aims to evaluate errors in ATMs and three air-sea O2 flux products by comparing model simulations with observations collected from surface stations, ships, and aircraft. We also present a model evaluation framework to independently quantify transport-related and flux-related biases that contribute to model-observation discrepancies in atmospheric tracer distributions.
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