The Atmospheric Potential Oxygen forward Model Intercomparison Project (APO-MIP1): evaluating simulated atmospheric transport of air-sea gas exchange tracers and APO flux products

Jin, Yuming; Stephens, Britton B.; Long, Matthew C.; Chandra, Naveen; Chevallier, Frédéric; Hooghiem, Joram J. D.; Luijkx, Ingrid T.; Maksyutov, Shamil; Morgan, Eric J.; Niwa, Yosuke; Patra, Prabir K.; Rödenbeck, Christian; Vance, Jesse

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5937-2025

Articles | Volume 18, issue 18

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5937-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5937-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 18, issue 18

Model experiment description paper

|

15 Sep 2025

Model experiment description paper |

| 15 Sep 2025

The Atmospheric Potential Oxygen forward Model Intercomparison Project (APO-MIP1): evaluating simulated atmospheric transport of air-sea gas exchange tracers and APO flux products

Yuming Jin, Britton B. Stephens, Matthew C. Long, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Joram J. D. Hooghiem, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Shamil Maksyutov, Eric J. Morgan, Yosuke Niwa, Prabir K. Patra, Christian Rödenbeck, and Jesse Vance

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5937-2025-supplement

Data sets

Atmospheric Potential Oxygen forward Model Intercomparison Project (APO-MIP) Britton B. Stephens et al. https://doi.org/10.5065/f3pw-a676

Scripps O2 Program Data. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections Ralph F. Keeling https://doi.org/10.6075/J0WS8RJR

HIPPO merged 10-second meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and aerosol data, Version 1.0 S. C. Wofsy https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/HIPPO_010

HIPPO-1 airborne oxygen instrument, Version 2.0 Britton Stephens et al. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6J38QVV

HIPPO-2 airborne oxygen instrument, Version 2.0 Britton Stephens et al. https://doi.org/10.5065/D65Q4TF0

HIPPO-3 airborne oxygen instrument, Version 2.0 Britton Stephens et al. https://doi.org/10.5065/D67H1GXJ

HIPPO-4 airborne oxygen instrument, Version 2.0 Britton Stephens et al. https://doi.org/10.5065/D679431D

HIPPO-5 airborne oxygen instrument, Version 2.0 Britton Stephens et al. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6WW7G0D

ORCAS Merge Products, Version 1.0 Britton Stephens https://doi.org/10.5065/D6SB445X

ORCAS Airborne Oxygen Instrument, Version 2.0 Britton Stephens et al. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6N29VC6

ATom: Merged atmospheric chemistry, trace gases, and aerosols, version 2 (version 2.0) S. Wofsy https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1925

ARSV Laurence M. Gould Atmospheric O2 and CO2 Measurements, Version 1.0 Britton B. Stephens https://doi.org/10.26023/FDDD-PC3X-4M0X

Short summary

We carry out a comprehensive atmospheric transport model (ATM) intercomparison project. This project aims to evaluate errors in ATMs and three air-sea O₂ flux products by comparing model simulations with observations collected from surface stations, ships, and aircraft. We also present a model evaluation framework to independently quantify transport-related and flux-related biases that contribute to model-observation discrepancies in atmospheric tracer distributions.