Articles | Volume 15, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4991-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4991-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
29 Jun 2022
Model description paper |
| 29 Jun 2022
| 29 Jun 2022
TIM: modelling pathways to meet Ireland's long-term energy system challenges with the TIMES-Ireland Model (v1.0)
Energy Policy and Modelling Group, MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
James Glynn
Energy Policy and Modelling Group, MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Center on Global Energy Policy, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Vahid Aryanpur
Energy Policy and Modelling Group, MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Ankita Gaur
Energy Policy and Modelling Group, MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Jason McGuire
Energy Policy and Modelling Group, MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Andrew Smith
Energy Policy and Modelling Group, MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Xiufeng Yue
Energy Policy and Modelling Group, MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Institute of Tourism and Environment, School of Economics and Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian City, Liaoning, China
Hannah Daly
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Energy Policy and Modelling Group, MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Cited
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Multi-objective energy planning for China's dual carbon goals X. Jia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.10.009
- Is District Heating a cost-effective solution to decarbonise Irish buildings? J. Mc Guire et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131110
- Advancing cost-optimal residential decarbonisation pathways: An examination of heat pumps and thermal efficiency J. Mc Guire et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114383
- Exploring the applicability of “One-Size-Fits-All” road transport decarbonization strategies: a participatory energy systems modeling comparison of urban and non-urban municipalities M. de Oliveira Laurin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94579-w
- Sub-national implications of Greece's power-sector transition: The HERMES energy-system model A. Karamaneas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2026.102265
- On Track or Not? Why Modelling Low Carbon Policy Pathways for Passenger Transport in Ireland Matters V. O Riordan https://doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2022.1.20
- Evaluating the consistency between Ireland’s carbon budget-aligned energy system pathways and EU energy and climate targets C. Doherty et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ae4a2b
- How energy subsidy reform can drive the Iranian power sector towards a low-carbon future V. Aryanpur et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113190
- Collaborative governance of carbon mitigation, energy transition, and material management: A factorial non-deterministic carbon-energy-metal nexus optimization model L. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127648
- Developing decarbonisation pathways in changing TIMES for Irish homes J. Mc Guire et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101086
- The flexibility dilemma―managing cost and emissions in a fossil fuel-dominated power sector under increasing penetration of variable renewable energy sources S. Bhattacharya et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.127199
- Exploring the feasible net-zero transition pathway in China considering energy system flexibility S. Zhang & W. Chen https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71410-2
- Toward sustainable development goals in the transport and logistics sector: the progress of EU member states in the Baltic Sea region A. Bartosiewicz et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2026.2655998
- Modeling hydrogen integration in energy system models: Best practices for policy insights M. Bah et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153777
- RETRACTED: An innovative simulation-based methodology for evaluating cooling strategies in climate change-induced overheating A. Karimi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.108167
- Towards an intersectional justice approach to carbon taxation: Energy poverty, vulnerable households, and revenue recycling in Ireland J. Magnetti et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104116
- A data-driven standardised generalisable methodology to validate a large energy performance Certification dataset: A case of the application in Ireland K. Raushan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114774
- Tailoring climate mitigation strategies for passenger transportation by capturing contextual heterogeneity in TIMES-Sweden J. Forsberg et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104310
- Decarbonising road freight transport: The role of zero-emission trucks and intangible costs V. Aryanpur & F. Rogan https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52682-4
- Dispersed settlement patterns can hinder the net-zero transition: Evidence from Ireland A. Gaur et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101296
- Implications of accelerated and delayed climate action for Ireland’s energy transition under carbon budgets V. Aryanpur et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-024-00181-7
- The transport sector in the Integrated Database of the European Energy System – Methodological update and potential for transport policy analysis J. Tattini et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.134400
- The impact of a Dunkelflaute event on the planning of a decarbonized energy system A. Moglianesi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147180
- Can net-zero carbon be a cost-effective enabler of water and energy self-sufficiency? L. Dias & J. Seixas https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.104930
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Multi-objective energy planning for China's dual carbon goals X. Jia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.10.009
- Is District Heating a cost-effective solution to decarbonise Irish buildings? J. Mc Guire et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131110
- Advancing cost-optimal residential decarbonisation pathways: An examination of heat pumps and thermal efficiency J. Mc Guire et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114383
- Exploring the applicability of “One-Size-Fits-All” road transport decarbonization strategies: a participatory energy systems modeling comparison of urban and non-urban municipalities M. de Oliveira Laurin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94579-w
- Sub-national implications of Greece's power-sector transition: The HERMES energy-system model A. Karamaneas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2026.102265
- On Track or Not? Why Modelling Low Carbon Policy Pathways for Passenger Transport in Ireland Matters V. O Riordan https://doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2022.1.20
- Evaluating the consistency between Ireland’s carbon budget-aligned energy system pathways and EU energy and climate targets C. Doherty et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ae4a2b
- How energy subsidy reform can drive the Iranian power sector towards a low-carbon future V. Aryanpur et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113190
- Collaborative governance of carbon mitigation, energy transition, and material management: A factorial non-deterministic carbon-energy-metal nexus optimization model L. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127648
- Developing decarbonisation pathways in changing TIMES for Irish homes J. Mc Guire et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101086
- The flexibility dilemma―managing cost and emissions in a fossil fuel-dominated power sector under increasing penetration of variable renewable energy sources S. Bhattacharya et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.127199
- Exploring the feasible net-zero transition pathway in China considering energy system flexibility S. Zhang & W. Chen https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71410-2
- Toward sustainable development goals in the transport and logistics sector: the progress of EU member states in the Baltic Sea region A. Bartosiewicz et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2026.2655998
- Modeling hydrogen integration in energy system models: Best practices for policy insights M. Bah et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153777
- RETRACTED: An innovative simulation-based methodology for evaluating cooling strategies in climate change-induced overheating A. Karimi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.108167
- Towards an intersectional justice approach to carbon taxation: Energy poverty, vulnerable households, and revenue recycling in Ireland J. Magnetti et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104116
- A data-driven standardised generalisable methodology to validate a large energy performance Certification dataset: A case of the application in Ireland K. Raushan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114774
- Tailoring climate mitigation strategies for passenger transportation by capturing contextual heterogeneity in TIMES-Sweden J. Forsberg et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104310
- Decarbonising road freight transport: The role of zero-emission trucks and intangible costs V. Aryanpur & F. Rogan https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52682-4
- Dispersed settlement patterns can hinder the net-zero transition: Evidence from Ireland A. Gaur et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101296
- Implications of accelerated and delayed climate action for Ireland’s energy transition under carbon budgets V. Aryanpur et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-024-00181-7
- The transport sector in the Integrated Database of the European Energy System – Methodological update and potential for transport policy analysis J. Tattini et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.134400
- The impact of a Dunkelflaute event on the planning of a decarbonized energy system A. Moglianesi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147180
- Can net-zero carbon be a cost-effective enabler of water and energy self-sufficiency? L. Dias & J. Seixas https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.104930
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Jun 2026
Short summary
Ireland has significantly increased its climate mitigation ambition, with a recent commitment to reduce greenhouse gases by an average of 7 % yr-1 in the period to 2030 and a net-zero target for 2050. This article describes the TIMES-Ireland model (TIM) developed to inform Ireland's energy system decarbonisation challenge. The paper also outlines a priority list of future model developments to better meet the challenge, taking into account equity, cost-effectiveness, and technical feasibility.
Ireland has significantly increased its climate mitigation ambition, with a recent commitment to...
