Articles | Volume 19, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9807-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9807-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
13 Oct 2026
Development and technical paper |
| 13 Oct 2026
| 13 Oct 2026
Enhancing the advection module performance in the EPICC-Model V1.6.0 via GPU-HADVPPM4HIP V1.0 coupling and GPU-optimized strategies
Kai Cao
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Xiao Tang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Jinxi Li
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Xueshun Chen
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Huansheng Chen
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Wending Wang
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Huangjian Wu
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Jie Li
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Jiang Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Zifa Wang
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Note on duplicated preprint: although EGUsphere's policy does not support double preprinting, this preprint has a former version on EGUsphere.
Related authors
Mengjie Lou, Qizhong Wu, Wending Wang, Huansheng Chen, Kai Cao, Xiaohan Fan, Dingyue Liang, Fenfen Yu, Jiating Zhang, Wei Wang, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 9651–9676, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9651-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9651-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares the model performance of the Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community Model with the two air quality models in China. The EPICC-Model excels in simulating summer ozone peaks, accurately captures pollution characteristics in highly polluted areas, and better reproduces persistent compound pollution processes. The study reveals common issues among the models and directions for improvement, providing a basis for optimizing global air quality models.
Mengjie Lou, Qizhong Wu, Wending Wang, Huansheng Chen, Kai Cao, Xiaohan Fan, Dingyue Liang, Fenfen Yu, Jiating Zhang, Wei Wang, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4441, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4441, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares the performance of the independently developed EPICC-Model with CAMx and CMAQ in simulating PM2.5 and O3 in China. It finds that EPICC-Model excels in simulating summer ozone peaks, accurately captures pollution characteristics in highly polluted areas, and better reproduces persistent compound pollution processes. Furthermore, this study reveals common issues among the models and directions for improvement, providing a basis for optimizing global air quality models.
Kai Cao, Qizhong Wu, Xiao Tang, Jinxi Li, Xueshun Chen, Huansheng Chen, Wending Wang, Huangjian Wu, Lei Kong, Jie Li, Jiang Zhu, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2918, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study achieves significant acceleration by developing an optimized advection module for Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community Model on GPU-like accelerators. Through implementing thread-block coordinated indexing, minimizing CPU-GPU communication, and an hybrid parallelization framework, we demonstrate prominent speedups: 556.5× faster offline performance for the Heterogeneous Interface PPM solver and 20.5× acceleration in coupled simulations.
Mengjie Lou, Qizhong Wu, Wending Wang, Huansheng Chen, Kai Cao, Xiaohan Fan, Dingyue Liang, Fenfen Yu, Jiating Zhang, Wei Wang, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 9651–9676, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9651-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9651-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares the model performance of the Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community Model with the two air quality models in China. The EPICC-Model excels in simulating summer ozone peaks, accurately captures pollution characteristics in highly polluted areas, and better reproduces persistent compound pollution processes. The study reveals common issues among the models and directions for improvement, providing a basis for optimizing global air quality models.
Nuohang Liu, Baozhu Ge, Danhui Xu, Nan Yang, Xueshun Chen, Qixin Tan, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4057, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4057, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
A physically-based below-cloud wet scavenging parameterization was developed and incorporated in the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System. The scheme substantially improves simulations of nitrogen wet deposition across East Asia, particularly in polluted regions of China, by better capturing below-cloud scavenging coefficients and separating in-cloud and below-cloud processes, supporting more reliable assessments of pollutant transport and deposition.
Lianfang Wei, Xueshun Chen, Wenyi Yang, Zhe Wang, Jie Li, Di Liu, Huiyun Du, Xiaole Pan, Yafang Cheng, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 11667–11682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11667-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11667-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Current models cannot track sulfur isotope changes during atmospheric transformations. We developed a new model that simulates these processes. It reproduces the isotope fractionation patterns, capturing both spatial and seasonal variations. This validation shows sulfate isotope signatures often resemble those of fuels despite chemical processing. Our results suggest combustion alters sulfur isotope ratios, counterbalancing chemical effects.
Jiaze Zhang, Ling Liu, An Ning, Haotian Zu, Jing Li, Fengyang Bai, Jie Yang, Xueshun Chen, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 11627–11643, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11627-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11627-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfuric acid (SA)-dominated nucleation cannot explain observed tropospheric particulate matter and cloud condensation nuclei. Via quantum chemical calculations and atmospheric cluster dynamics simulations, we find the role of nitric acid shifts from a marine boundary layer catalyst to an upper troposphere cluster core in HIO3–HIO2 nucleation, with particle formation rates surpassing established SA pathways, explaining unaccounted-for new particle formation (NPF) amid falling sulfur and rising marine iodine emissions.
Leisheng Li, Ximeng Fu, Xiyu Zheng, Huiyuan Li, and Jinxi Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 7525–7544, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7525-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7525-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Scientists use irregular grid models for accurate weather simulation, which help capture details but also make the calculations slow on traditional computers. We redesigned this model for Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) by reorganizing data and calculations. This makes the slowest parts hundreds of times faster and the whole simulation over ten times faster. This allows for higher-resolution simulations.
Mengjie Lou, Qizhong Wu, Yongli Wang, Baogang Zhang, Jinhua Tao, Pu Gan, Huaqiong Cheng, Jiating Zhang, Jiahuan He, and Meng Fan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3195, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3195, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change worsens wildfires, but fire drivers are unclear and models run slowly. Simulating a 2023 Inner Mongolia grassland fire, we tested how weather and land cover affect simulation accuracy and found that wind controls burned area and spread distance, humidity drives spread rate and flame length, while fuel depth dominates burned area. In addition, computational optimizations cut runtime by 30%. These findings deepen understanding of fire mechanisms and improve model emergency response.
Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Yu Zhang, Zijun Zhang, Bojiang Su, Ning Zhang, Eleonora Aruffo, Junfeng Wang, Piero Di Carlo, Lanzhong Liu, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Douglas Worsnop, and Yele Sun
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3643, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3643, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We tracked OOMs that form haze and clouds at a forested mountain in southeastern China. Warm weather boosted natural emissions from plants, making them the primary source of these compounds. Conversely, cooler weather amplified the impact of pollution blowing in from other regions. Clouds also played a major role by washing away certain chemicals while transforming others. These interactions between weather, nature, and pollution offer crucial insights for improving climate models.
Fei Zhang, Xingcai Li, Zifa Wang, Yunyun Wen, Xuyang Zhou, Zichen Wu, Zhuoran Wang, Huansheng Chen, Zhe Wang, and Xueshun Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 4999–5017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4999-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4999-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Solar power generation depends on weather conditions and photovoltaic modules, making accurate forecasts crucial for reliable grid operation. We combined weather prediction and artificial intelligence to improve the solar power prediction at different time scales for a plant. By improving sunlight predictions and incorporating physical constraints into the model, our approach reduced errors significantly. This can help integrate clean energy into power grids safely and efficiently.
Hongyi Li, Ting Yang, Lei Kong, Di Zhang, Guigang Tang, Xiao Tang, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 4835–4856, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4835-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4835-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a novel data assimilation system by integrating incremental machine learning with a localized ensemble Kalman filter to enhance the simulation and reanalysis of particulate matter < 2.5 µm chemical components. Compared to traditional chemical transport model-based data assimilation, our assimilation system has superior computational efficiency and simulation improvements. Comparisons with independent observations and reanalysis datasets validate the robust performance of our system.
Dylan B. A. Jones, Lucas Prates, Zhen Qu, William Y. Y. Cheng, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Takashi Sekiya, Antje Inness, Rajesh Kumar, Xiao Tang, Helen Worden, Gerbrand Koren, and Vincent Huijnen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 6655–6682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6655-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6655-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate five chemical reanalysis products to assess their potential to provide useful information on tropospheric ozone variability. We find that the reanalyses produce consistent information on ozone variations in the free troposphere, but have large discrepancies at the surface. The results suggests that improvements in the reanalyses are needed to better exploit the assimilated observations to enhance the utility of the reanalysis products at the surface.
Xiaofei Wu, Siyang Chen, Jinxi Li, Yu Zhang, Zifa Wang, Pu Gan, Jie Zheng, and Fangxin Fang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1685, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1685, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Cities face a major challenge in tracking how wind and air pollution move through complex building clusters. Common numerical models often struggle to balance accuracy with calculating speed. We developed a new simulation system that automatically adjusts its focus to where the air is moving rapidly. By testing this against observations, it significantly improves predictions of wind and pollution. This tool helps urban planners design healthier cities by better identifying how pollutants travel.
Yutong Tian, Ting Yang, Zifa Wang, Linghan Zeng, Yining Tan, Weichun Liang, Qingqing Xia, Tong Wang, and Shitian Kou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2017, 2026
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a novel algorithm using multiwavelength lidar to classify and quantify tropospheric aerosols at a mountain observatory. Using seven optical parameters, it separates smoke, pollution, pollen, and dust in complex mixtures. Validated across multiple platforms, the method decouples meteorologically driven optical enhancement from actual mass fluctuations, enabling high-precision aerosol typing and mass retrieval in high-altitude environments.
Yi Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Guohua Zhang, Dantong Liu, Ye Kuang, Yu Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiaocong Peng, Bojiang Su, Weihong Huang, Zijun Zhang, Liu Yang, Yangzhou Wu, Siyuan Li, Shitong Zhao, Lanzhong Liu, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xinhui Bi, Mikael Ehn, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5617–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5617-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5617-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how clouds influence the chemical composition of air particles through field research at a high-altitude station in southeastern China across different seasons. We found that different cloud types cause varying degrees of chemical changes in these particles. These findings enhance our understanding of the impact of clouds on air quality and contribute to improving climate models.
Hongyi Li, Ting Yang, Yele Sun, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 2225–2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2225-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2225-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a physics-constrained deep-learning framework to retrieve vertical profiles of particulate matter <2.5 µm chemical components from lidar measurements. Comparisons with surface, tower, and aircraft measurements validate the performance of the framework. A six-year vertical profile dataset generated for Beijing reveals that organic matter and nitrate are dominant chemical components. This work offers a new perspective on the lidar inversion of chemical component profiles.
Wei Zhou, Liu Yang, Siqi Zeng, Yunping Kan, Lirong Yang, Weihong Zhang, Weijie Wang, Zijun Zhang, Yan Li, Weiqi Xu, Yucheng Gu, Yaozong Wang, Zhengyan Zuo, Jie Li, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2425–2441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2425-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2425-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Northwest China, situated in an arid and semi-arid climate region; air quality issues in this area have received less attention compared to other Chinese metropolitan clusters. This research identify a significant shift towards the coupling PM2.5 and O3 relationships over the past decade in northwest China, highlighting the great importance of urban terpenes and aromatic oxidation in secondary organic aerosol formation.
Weibin Zhu, Sai Shang, Jieqi Wang, Yunfei Wu, Zhaoze Deng, Liang Ran, Ye Kuang, Guiqian Tang, Xiangpeng Huang, Xiaole Pan, Lanzhong Liu, Weiqi Xu, Yele Sun, Bo Hu, Zifa Wang, and Zirui Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1947–1965, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1947-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1947-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
NPF (new particle formation) is a key global CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) source, but its contribution at the polluted boundary-layer top remains unclear. Based on mountaintop observations in the Yangtze River Delta, we show that under polluted conditions, NPF at the boundary-layer top is enhanced and accelerates its conversion to CCN. Ammonia plays a key role, and a newly defined "Time Window" metric highlights the importance of oxidation-driven growth and regional transport in this process.
Yutong Tian, Ting Yang, Hongyi Li, Ping Tian, Yifan Song, Jiancun He, Yining Tan, Yele Sun, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17581–17594, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17581-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17581-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how nitrate pollution varies with height and season to combat urban haze. Nitrate levels peak near the ground in spring/winter due to humidity and temperature, while wind and sunlight drive high-altitude pollution in late autumn. Winter shows unique daytime peaks linked to sunlight and nighttime chemistry. Findings help cities design targeted strategies, like timing emissions cuts, to improve air quality by addressing pollution at specific heights and times.
Mengjie Lou, Qizhong Wu, Wending Wang, Huansheng Chen, Kai Cao, Xiaohan Fan, Dingyue Liang, Fenfen Yu, Jiating Zhang, Wei Wang, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4441, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4441, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares the performance of the independently developed EPICC-Model with CAMx and CMAQ in simulating PM2.5 and O3 in China. It finds that EPICC-Model excels in simulating summer ozone peaks, accurately captures pollution characteristics in highly polluted areas, and better reproduces persistent compound pollution processes. Furthermore, this study reveals common issues among the models and directions for improvement, providing a basis for optimizing global air quality models.
Kai Cao, Qizhong Wu, Xiao Tang, Jinxi Li, Xueshun Chen, Huansheng Chen, Wending Wang, Huangjian Wu, Lei Kong, Jie Li, Jiang Zhu, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2918, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study achieves significant acceleration by developing an optimized advection module for Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community Model on GPU-like accelerators. Through implementing thread-block coordinated indexing, minimizing CPU-GPU communication, and an hybrid parallelization framework, we demonstrate prominent speedups: 556.5× faster offline performance for the Heterogeneous Interface PPM solver and 20.5× acceleration in coupled simulations.
Xi Chen, Ke Li, Ting Yang, Xipeng Jin, Lei Chen, Yang Yang, Shuman Zhao, Bo Hu, Bin Zhu, Zifa Wang, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9151–9168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9151-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9151-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol vertical distribution that plays a crucial role in aerosol–photolysis interaction (API) remains underrepresented in chemical models. We integrated lidar and radiosonde observations to constrain the simulated aerosol profiles over North China and quantified the photochemical responses. The increased photolysis rates in the lower layers led to increased ozone and accounted for a 36 %–56 % reduction in API effects, resulting in enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity and aerosol formation.
Huiyun Du, Jie Li, Xueshun Chen, Gabriele Curci, Fangqun Yu, Yele Sun, Xu Dao, Song Guo, Zhe Wang, Wenyi Yang, Lianfang Wei, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5665–5681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5665-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5665-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Inadequate consideration of mixing states and coatings on black carbon (BC) hinders aerosol radiation forcing quantification. Core–shell mixing aligns well with observations, but partial internal mixing is a more realistic representation. We used a microphysics module to determine the fraction of embedded BC and coating aerosols, constraining the mixing state. This reduced absorption enhancement by 30 %–43 % in northern China, offering insights into BC's radiative effects.
Jiayi Lai, Lanning Wang, Qizhong Wu, Yizhou Yang, and Fang Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1089–1102, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1089-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1089-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High-performance computing limitations often hinder numerical model development. Traditional models use double precision for accuracy, which is computationally expensive. Lower precision reduces costs but can introduce errors. The quasi-double-precision (QDP) algorithm helps mitigate these errors. This study applies the QDP algorithm to the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere, showing reduced errors and computational time, making it an efficient solution for large-scale simulations.
Zichen Wu, Xueshun Chen, Zifa Wang, Huansheng Chen, Zhe Wang, Qing Mu, Lin Wu, Wending Wang, Xiao Tang, Jie Li, Ying Li, Qizhong Wu, Yang Wang, Zhiyin Zou, and Zijian Jiang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8885–8907, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8885-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8885-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a model to simulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from global to regional scales. The model can reproduce PAH distribution well. The concentration of BaP (indicator species for PAHs) could exceed the target values of 1 ng m-3 over some areas (e.g., in central Europe, India, and eastern China). The change in BaP is lower than that in PM2.5 from 2013 to 2018. China still faces significant potential health risks posed by BaP although the Action Plan has been implemented.
Hongyi Li, Ting Yang, Lars Nerger, Dawei Zhang, Di Zhang, Guigang Tang, Haibo Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Hang Su, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8495–8519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To accurately characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of particulate matter <2.5 µm chemical components, we developed the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System with the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (NAQPMS-PDAF) v2.0 for chemical components with non-Gaussian and nonlinear properties. NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 has better computing efficiency, excels when used with a small ensemble size, and can significantly improve the simulation performance of chemical components.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Zifa Wang, Jiang Zhu, Jianjun Li, Huangjian Wu, Qizhong Wu, Huansheng Chen, Lili Zhu, Wei Wang, Bing Liu, Qian Wang, Duohong Chen, Yuepeng Pan, Jie Li, Lin Wu, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4351–4387, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new long-term inversed emission inventory for Chinese air quality (CAQIEI) is developed in this study, which contains constrained monthly emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10, and NMVOCs in China from 2013 to 2020 with a horizontal resolution of 15 km. Emissions of different air pollutants and their changes during 2013–2020 were investigated and compared with previous emission inventories, which sheds new light on the complex variations of air pollutant emissions in China.
Kai Cao, Qizhong Wu, Lingling Wang, Hengliang Guo, Nan Wang, Huaqiong Cheng, Xiao Tang, Dongxing Li, Lina Liu, Dongqing Li, Hao Wu, and Lanning Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6887–6901, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
AMD’s heterogeneous-compute interface for portability was implemented to port the piecewise parabolic method solver from NVIDIA GPUs to China's GPU-like accelerators. The results show that the larger the model scale, the more acceleration effect on the GPU-like accelerator, up to 28.9 times. The multi-level parallelism achieves a speedup of 32.7 times on the heterogeneous cluster. By comparing the results, the GPU-like accelerators have more accuracy for the geoscience numerical models.
Lijing Cheng, Yuying Pan, Zhetao Tan, Huayi Zheng, Yujing Zhu, Wangxu Wei, Juan Du, Huifeng Yuan, Guancheng Li, Hanlin Ye, Viktor Gouretski, Yuanlong Li, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Abraham, Yuchun Jin, Franco Reseghetti, Xiaopei Lin, Bin Zhang, Gengxin Chen, Michael E. Mann, and Jiang Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3517–3546, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Observational gridded products are essential for understanding the ocean, the atmosphere, and climate change; they support policy decisions and socioeconomic developments. This study provides an update of an ocean subsurface temperature and ocean heat content gridded product, named the IAPv4 data product, which is available for the upper 6000 m (119 levels) since 1940 (more reliable after ~1955) for monthly and 1° × 1° temporal and spatial resolutions.
Zijun Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Aodong Du, Yinzhou Zhang, Hongqin Qiao, Ye Kuang, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xueling Cheng, Lanzhong Liu, Qingyan Fu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jie Li, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8473–8488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated aerosol composition and sources and the interaction between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and clouds at a regional mountain site in southeastern China. Clouds efficiently scavenge more oxidized SOA; however, cloud evaporation leads to the production of less oxidized SOA. The unexpectedly high presence of nitrate in aerosol particles indicates that nitrate formed in polluted areas has undergone interactions with clouds, significantly influencing the regional background site.
Zehua Bai, Qizhong Wu, Kai Cao, Yiming Sun, and Huaqiong Cheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4383–4399, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4383-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
There is relatively limited research on the application of scientific computing on RISC CPU platforms. The MIPS architecture CPUs, a type of RISC CPUs, have distinct advantages in energy efficiency and scalability. The air quality modeling system can run stably on the MIPS and LoongArch platforms, and the experiment results verify the stability of scientific computing on the platforms. The work provides a technical foundation for the scientific application based on MIPS and LoongArch.
Zhiqiang Zhang, Ying Li, Haiyan Ran, Junling An, Yu Qu, Wei Zhou, Weiqi Xu, Weiwei Hu, Hongbin Xie, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4809–4826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4809-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4809-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) can exist in liquid, semi-solid, or amorphous solid states, which are rarely accounted for in current chemical transport models. We predict the phase state of SOA particles over China and find that in northwestern China SOA particles are mostly highly viscous or glassy solid. Our results indicate that the particle phase state should be considered in SOA formation in chemical transport models for more accurate prediction of SOA mass concentrations.
Yaqi Wang, Lanning Wang, Juan Feng, Zhenya Song, Qizhong Wu, and Huaqiong Cheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6857–6873, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, to noticeably improve precipitation simulation in steep mountains, we propose a sub-grid parameterization scheme for the topographic vertical motion in CAM5-SE to revise the original vertical velocity by adding the topographic vertical motion. The dynamic lifting effect of topography is extended from the lowest layer to multiple layers, thus improving the positive deviations of precipitation simulation in high-altitude regions and negative deviations in low-altitude regions.
Aodong Du, Jiaxing Sun, Hang Liu, Weiqi Xu, Wei Zhou, Yuting Zhang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Yan Li, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13597–13611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the impacts of emission controls on particle mixing state and density during the Beijing Olympic Winter Games using a SPAMS in tandem with a DMA and an AAC. OC and sulfate-containing particles increased, while those from primary emissions decreased. The effective particle densities increased and varied largely for different particles, highlighting the impacts of aging and formation processes on the changes of particle density and mixing state.
Tao Wang, Hang Liu, Jie Li, Shuai Wang, Youngseob Kim, Yele Sun, Wenyi Yang, Huiyun Du, Zhe Wang, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5585–5599, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper developed a two-way coupled module in a new version of a regional urban–street network model, IAQMS-street v2.0, in which the mass flux from streets to background is considered. Test cases are defined to evaluate the performance of IAQMS-street v2.0 in Beijing by comparing it with that simulated by IAQMS-street v1.0 and a regional model. The contribution of local emissions and the influence of on-road vehicle control measures on air quality are evaluated by using IAQMS-street v2.0.
Xi Chen, Ting Yang, Zifa Wang, Futing Wang, and Haibo Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4289–4302, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4289-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4289-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties remain great in the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) determination from radiosonde, especially during the transition period of different PBL regimes. We combine seven existing methods along with statistical modification on gradient-based methods. We find that the ensemble method can eliminate the overestimation of PBLH and reduce the inconsistency between individual methods. The ensemble method improves the effectiveness of PBLH determination to 62.6 %.
Kai Cao, Qizhong Wu, Lingling Wang, Nan Wang, Huaqiong Cheng, Xiao Tang, Dongqing Li, and Lanning Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4367–4383, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4367-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4367-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Offline performance experiment results show that the GPU-HADVPPM on a V100 GPU can achieve up to 1113.6 × speedups to its original version on an E5-2682 v4 CPU. A series of optimization measures are taken, and the CAMx-CUDA model improves the computing efficiency by 128.4 × on a single V100 GPU card. A parallel architecture with an MPI plus CUDA hybrid paradigm is presented, and it can achieve up to 4.5 × speedup when launching eight CPU cores and eight GPU cards.
Lichao Yang, Wansuo Duan, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3827–3848, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3827-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3827-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An approach is proposed to refine a ground meteorological observation network to improve the PM2.5 forecasts in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. A cost-effective observation network is obtained and makes the relevant PM2.5 forecasts assimilate fewer observations but achieve the forecasting skill comparable to or higher than that obtained by assimilating all ground station observations, suggesting that many of the current ground stations can be greatly scattered to avoid much unnecessary work.
Jinming Feng, Meng Luo, Jun Wang, Yuan Qiu, Qizhong Wu, and Ke Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-867, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-867, 2023
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We modified the code of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) v3.8.1 to include the forcing components more than the Greenhouse Gases and evaluate the impact of forcing configurations on the climate simulation results in China. It showed that different external forcing configurations in WRF could result in considerable impact on the annual temperature and precipitation trend, which was stronger than parameterization schemes but was weaker than spectral nudging.
Hang Liu, Xiaole Pan, Shandong Lei, Yuting Zhang, Aodong Du, Weijie Yao, Guiqian Tang, Tao Wang, Jinyuan Xin, Jie Li, Yele Sun, Junji Cao, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7225–7239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7225-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7225-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the average vertical profiles of black carbon (BC) concentration, size distribution and coating thickness at different times of the day in an urban area based on 112 vertical profiles. In addition, it is found that BC in the residual layer generally has a thicker coating, higher absorption enhancement and hygroscopicity than on the surface. Such aged BC could enter into the boundary layer and influence the BC properties in the early morning.
Wen Lu, Bin Zhu, Shuqi Yan, Jie Li, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1089, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Parameterized the minimum turbulent diffusivity (Kzmin) by sensible heat flux and latent heat flux and embedded it into the WRF-Chem model. New scheme improved the underestimation of turbulence diffusion underestimation and overestimation of surface PM2.5 under stable boundary layer simulation over eastern China. The physical relationship between Kzmin and two factors was discussed. Process analysis showed that vertical mixing is the key process to improve surface PM2.5 simulations.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Meng Gao, Huangjian Wu, Miaomiao Lu, Qian Wu, Shuyuan Huang, Wenxuan Sui, Jie Li, Xiaole Pan, Lin Wu, Hajime Akimoto, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6217–6240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A multi-air-pollutant inversion system has been developed in this study to estimate emission changes in China during COVID-19 lockdown. The results demonstrate that the lockdown is largely a nationwide road traffic control measure with NOx emissions decreasing by ~40 %. Emissions of other species only decreased by ~10 % due to smaller effects of lockdown on other sectors. Assessment results further indicate that the lockdown only had limited effects on the control of PM2.5 and O3 in China.
Junhua Wang, Baozhu Ge, Xueshun Chen, Jie Li, Keding Lu, Yayuan Dong, Lei Kong, Zifa Wang, and Yuanhang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-22, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-22, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a quantitative decoupling analysis (QDA) method to quantify the contributions of emissions, meteorology, chemical reactions, and their nonlinear interactions on PM2.5. We found the effects of adverse meteorological conditions and the importance of nonlinear interactions. This method can provide valuable information for understanding of key factors to heavy pollution, but also help the modelers to find out the sources of uncertainties in numerical models.
Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Junjun Deng, Yanbing Fan, Qiang Zhang, Qiaorong Xie, Yulin Qi, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, Di Liu, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Yisheng Xu, Haijie Tong, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2061–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime urban aerosols by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that the SOA loading is an important factor associated with the oxidation degree, nitrate group content, and chemodiversity of nitrooxy–organosulfates. Our study also found that the hydrolysis of nitrooxy–organosulfates is a possible pathway for the formation of organosulfates.
Tian Tian, Lijing Cheng, Gongjie Wang, John Abraham, Wangxu Wei, Shihe Ren, Jiang Zhu, Junqiang Song, and Hongze Leng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5037–5060, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5037-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5037-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A high-resolution gridded dataset is crucial for understanding ocean processes at various spatiotemporal scales. Here we used a machine learning approach and successfully reconstructed a high-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) ocean subsurface (1–2000 m) salinity dataset for the period 1993–2018 (monthly) by merging in situ salinity profile observations with high-resolution satellite remote-sensing data. This new product could be useful in various applications in ocean and climate fields.
Futing Wang, Ting Yang, Zifa Wang, Haibo Wang, Xi Chen, Yele Sun, Jianjun Li, Guigang Tang, and Wenxuan Chai
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6127–6144, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6127-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6127-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a new algorithm to get the vertical mass concentration profiles of fine aerosol components based on the synergy of ground-based remote sensing for the first time. The comparisons with in situ observations and chemistry transport models validate the performance of the algorithm. Uncertainties caused by input parameters are also assessed in this paper. We expected that the algorithm can provide a new idea for lidar inversion and promote the development of aerosol component profiles.
Lichao Yang, Wansuo Duan, Zifa Wang, and Wenyi Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11429–11453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11429-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11429-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The initial meteorological state has a great impact on PM2.5 forecasts. Assimilating additional observations is an effective way to improve the accuracy of the initial meteorological state. Here we used an advanced optimization approach to identify where we should preferentially place the meteorological observations associated with PM2.5 forecasts in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China. We provide evidence that the target observation strategy is effective for improving PM2.5 forecasts.
Zhiqiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Chun Chen, Bo You, Aodong Du, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Lu Lei, Wei Zhou, Jiaxing Sun, Yanmei Qiu, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10409–10423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive characterization of water-soluble organic aerosol and the first mass spectral characterization of water-insoluble organic aerosol in the cold season in Beijing by integrating online and offline aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. WSOA comprised dominantly secondary OA and showed large changes during the transition season from autumn to winter. WIOA was characterized by prominent hydrocarbon ions series, low oxidation states, and significant day–night differences.
Jiaxing Sun, Yele Sun, Conghui Xie, Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Zhe Wang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Fugui Huang, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Xiaole Pan, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7619–7630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles at urban and rural sites in winter in the North China Plain and evaluated their impact on light absorption enhancement. BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate, and the mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity (RH) at both sites. The absorption enhancement depended strongly on coated secondary inorganic aerosol and was up to ~1.3–1.4 during aging processes.
Junjun Deng, Hao Ma, Xinfeng Wang, Shujun Zhong, Zhimin Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Yanbing Fan, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Lujie Ren, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6449–6470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC) plays an important role in climate change and atmospheric chemistry. Here we investigated the seasonal and diurnal variations in water-soluble BrC in PM2.5 in the megacity Tianjin in coastal China. Results of the source apportionments from the combination with organic molecular compositions and optical properties of water-soluble BrC reveal a large contribution from primary bioaerosol particles to BrC in the urban atmosphere.
Zixuan Jia, Ruth M. Doherty, Carlos Ordóñez, Chaofan Li, Oliver Wild, Shipra Jain, and Xiao Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6471–6487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6471-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6471-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the modulation of daily PM2.5 over three major populated regions in China by regional meteorology and large-scale circulation during winter. These results demonstrate the benefits of considering the large-scale circulation for air quality studies. The novel circulation indices proposed here can explain a considerable fraction of the day-to-day variability of PM2.5 and can be combined with regional meteorology to improve our capability to predict the variability of PM2.5.
Haibo Wang, Ting Yang, Zifa Wang, Jianjun Li, Wenxuan Chai, Guigang Tang, Lei Kong, and Xueshun Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3555–3585, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3555-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3555-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we develop an online data coupled assimilation system (NAQPMS-PDAF) with the Eulerian atmospheric chemistry-transport model. NAQPMS-PDAF allows efficient use of large computational resources. The application and performance of the system are investigated by assimilating 1 month of vertical aerosol observations. The results show that NAQPMS-PDAF can significantly improve the performance of aerosol vertical structure simulation and reduce the uncertainty to a large extent.
Qian Ma, Kaicun Wang, Yanyi He, Liangyuan Su, Qizhong Wu, Han Liu, and Youren Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 463–477, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-463-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-463-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Surface incident solar radiation plays a key role in atmospheric circulation, the water cycle, and ecological equilibrium on Earth. A homogenized century-long surface incident solar radiation dataset was obtained over Japan.
Jiaxing Sun, Zhe Wang, Wei Zhou, Conghui Xie, Cheng Wu, Chun Chen, Tingting Han, Qingqing Wang, Zhijie Li, Jie Li, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed 9-year measurements of BC and aerosol optical properties from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing, China. Our results showed large reductions in BC and light extinction coefficient due to the Clean Air Action Plan. As a response, both SSA and mass extinction efficiency (MEE) showed considerable increases, demonstrating a future challenge in visibility improvement. The primary and secondary BrC was also separated and quantified, and the changes in radiative forcing of BC and BrC were estimated.
Qian Ye, Jie Li, Xueshun Chen, Huansheng Chen, Wenyi Yang, Huiyun Du, Xiaole Pan, Xiao Tang, Wei Wang, Lili Zhu, Jianjun Li, Zhe Wang, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7573–7604, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a global tropospheric atmospheric chemistry source–receptor model. This model can quantify the contributions of multiple air pollutants from various source regions in one simulation without introducing the nonlinear error of atmospheric chemistry. The S-R relationships of PM2.5 and O3 from a global high-resolution (0.5° × 0.5°) simulation were given and compared with previous studies. This model will be useful for creating a link between the scientific community and policymakers.
Yuting Zhang, Hang Liu, Shandong Lei, Wanyun Xu, Yu Tian, Weijie Yao, Xiaoyong Liu, Qi Liao, Jie Li, Chun Chen, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Jinyuan Xin, Junji Cao, Xiaole Pan, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17631–17648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the authors used a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) to characterize the particle size, mixing state, and optical properties of black carbon aerosols in rural areas of the North China Plain in winter. Relatively warm and high-RH environments (RH > 50 %, −4° < T < 4 °) were more favorable to rBC aging than dry and cold environments (RH < 60 %, T < −8°). The paper emphasizes the importance of meteorological parameters in the mixing state of black carbon.
Cited articles
Adani, M., D'Isidoro, M., Mircea, M., Guarnieri, G., Vitali, L., D'Elia, I., Ciancarella, L., Gualtieri, M., Briganti, G., Cappelletti, A., Piersanti, A., Stracquadanio, M., Righini, G., Russo, F., Cremona, G., Villani, M. G., and Zanini, G.: Evaluation of air quality forecasting system FORAIR-IT over Europe and Italy at high resolution for year 2017, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 13, 101456, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2022.101456, 2022.
Alvanos, M. and Christoudias, T.: GPU-accelerated atmospheric chemical kinetics in the ECHAM/MESSy (EMAC) Earth system model (version 2.52), Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3679–3693, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3679-2017, 2017.
AMD: ROCm Documentation Release 5.7.1, Advanced Micro Devices Inc., https://rocm.docs.amd.com/en/docs-5.7.1/ (last access: 26 May 2025), 2023.
Appel, K. W., Bash, J. O., Fahey, K. M., Foley, K. M., Gilliam, R. C., Hogrefe, C., Hutzell, W. T., Kang, D., Mathur, R., Murphy, B. N., Napelenok, S. L., Nolte, C. G., Pleim, J. E., Pouliot, G. A., Pye, H. O. T., Ran, L., Roselle, S. J., Sarwar, G., Schwede, D. B., Sidi, F. I., Spero, T. L., and Wong, D. C.: The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model versions 5.3 and 5.3.1: system updates and evaluation, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2867–2897, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2867-2021, 2021.
Atkinson, R. W., Fuller, G. W., Anderson, H. R., Harrison, R. M., and Armstrong, B.: Urban ambient particle metrics and health: a time-series analysis, Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 21, 501–511, https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181debc88, 2010.
Byun, D. W. and Dennis, R.: Design artifacts in eulerian air quality models: Evaluation of the effects of layer thickness and vertical profile correction on surface ozone concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 29, 105–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00225-A, 1995.
Cao, K., Wu, Q., Wang, L., Wang, N., Cheng, H., Tang, X., Li, D., and Wang, L.: GPU-HADVPPM V1.0: a high-efficiency parallel GPU design of the piecewise parabolic method (PPM) for horizontal advection in an air quality model (CAMx V6.10), Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4367–4383, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4367-2023, 2023.
Cao, K., Wu, Q., Wang, L., Guo, H., Wang, N., Cheng, H., Tang, X., Li, D., Liu, L., Li, D., Wu, H., and Wang, L.: GPU-HADVPPM4HIP V1.0: using the heterogeneous-compute interface for portability (HIP) to speed up the piecewise parabolic method in the CAMx (v6.10) air quality model on China's domestic GPU-like accelerator, Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6887–6901, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6887-2024, 2024.
Cao, K., Tang, X., Chen, H., Ma, J., Wu, Q., Wang, W., Chen, X., Li, J., and Wang, Z.: Porting and parallel optimization of the gas-phase chemistry module of the air quality model EPICC-Model on China's domestic accelerators, Frontiers of Data & Computing, 7, 127–141, https://doi.org/10.11871/jfdc.issn.2096-742X.2025.05.010, 2025 (in Chinese).
Cao, K., Wu, Q., and Tang, X.: The dataset of the manuscript “Enhancing the advection module performance in the EPICC-Model V1.6.0 via GPU-HADVPPM4HIP V1.0 coupling and GPU-optimized strategies”, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22743837, 2026.
Chai, Z., Zhang, H., Zhang, M., Tang, X., Zheng, W., Zhu, J., Zhou, G., Cao, J., and Zeng, Q.: China's EarthLab – Forefront of Earth System Simulation Research, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1611–1620, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1175-y, 2021.
Chang, J. S., Brost, R. A., Isaksen, I. S. A., Madronich, S., Middleton, P., Stockwell, W. R., and Walcek, C. J.: A three-dimensional Eulerian acid deposition model: Physical concepts and formulation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 92, 14681–14700, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD12p14681, 1987.
Colella, P. and Woodward, P. R.: The Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) for gas-dynamical simulations, J. Comput. Phys., 54, 174–201, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(84)90143-8, 1984.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Butler, T., Keating, T., Wu, R., Kaminski, J., Kuenen, J., Kurokawa, J., Chatani, S., Morikawa, T., Pouliot, G., Racine, J., Moran, M. D., Klimont, Z., Manseau, P. M., Mashayekhi, R., Henderson, B. H., Smith, S. J., Suchyta, H., Muntean, M., Solazzo, E., Banja, M., Schaaf, E., Pagani, F., Woo, J.-H., Kim, J., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Pisoni, E., Zhang, J., Niemi, D., Sassi, M., Ansari, T., and Foley, K.: The HTAP_v3 emission mosaic: merging regional and global monthly emissions (2000–2018) to support air quality modelling and policies, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2667–2694, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2667-2023, 2023.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Schiavina, M., Melchiorri, M., Pisoni, E., Graziosi, F., Muntean, M., Maes, J., Dijkstra, L., Van Damme, M., Clarisse, L., and Coheur, P.: Insights into the spatial distribution of global, national, and subnational greenhouse gas emissions in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v8.0), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2811–2830, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2811-2024, 2024.
Damian, V., Sandu, A., Damian, M., Potra, F., and Carmichael, G. R.: The kinetic preprocessor KPP-a software environment for solving chemical kinetics, Comput. Chem. Eng., 26, 1567–1579, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-1354(02)00128-X, 2002.
Elbern, H.: Parallelization and load balancing of a comprehensive atmospheric chemistry transport model, Atmos. Environ., 31, 3561–3574, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00157-X, 1997.
Emery, C., Baker, K., Wilson, G., and Yarwood, G.: Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions: Formulation and Evaluation for Ozone and Particulate Matter over the US, Atmosphere, 15, 1158, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101158, 2024.
EPICC-Model Working Group: Description and evaluation of the Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community (EPICC) Model version 1.0, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 43, 671–694, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-025-4384-y, 2026a.
EPICC-Model Working Group: Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community Model (EPICC-Model), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20303367, 2026b.
Gao, Z. and Zhou, X.: A review of the CAMx, CMAQ, WRF-Chem and NAQPMS models: Application, evaluation and uncertainty factors, Environ. Pollut., 343, 123183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123183, 2024.
Georgiou, G. K., Christoudias, T., Proestos, Y., Kushta, J., Hadjinicolaou, P., and Lelieveld, J.: Air quality modelling in the summer over the eastern Mediterranean using WRF-Chem: chemistry and aerosol mechanism intercomparison, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1555–1571, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1555-2018, 2018.
Georgiou, G. K., Christoudias, T., Proestos, Y., Kushta, J., Pikridas, M., Sciare, J., Savvides, C., and Lelieveld, J.: Evaluation of WRF-Chem model (v3.9.1.1) real-time air quality forecasts over the Eastern Mediterranean, Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 4129–4146, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4129-2022, 2022.
Guevara, M., Jorba, O., Tena, C., Denier van der Gon, H., Kuenen, J., Elguindi, N., Darras, S., Granier, C., and Pérez García-Pando, C.: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO): global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 367–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-367-2021, 2021.
Gupta, M. and Mohan, M.: Validation of WRF/Chem model and sensitivity of chemical mechanisms to ozone simulation over megacity Delhi, Atmos. Environ., 122, 220–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.039, 2015.
Hong, S.-Y., Noh, Y., and Dudhia, J.: A New Vertical Diffusion Package with an Explicit Treatment of Entrainment Processes, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2318–2341, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3199.1, 2006.
Intel Software: Quick Reference Guide to Optimization with Intel® C++ and Fortran Compilers v19, Intel, https://cdrdv2-public.intel.com/671224/quick-reference-card-intel-compilers.pdf (last access: 17 September 2026), 2018.
Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E., and Kabir, S.: A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter, Environ. Int., 74, 136–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.005, 2015.
Klocke, D., Frauen, C., Engels, J. F., Alexeev, D., Redler, R., Schnur, R., Haak, H., Kornblueh, L., Brüggemann, N., Chegini, F., Römmer, M., Hoffmann, L., Griessbach, S., Bode, M., Coles, J., Gila, M., Sawyer, W., Calotoiu, A., Budanaz, Y., Mazumder, P., Copik, M., Weber, B., Herten, A., Bockelmann, H., Hoefler, T., Hohenegger, C., and Stevens, B.: Computing the Full Earth System at 1km Resolution, Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, Association for Computing Machinery, 125–136, https://doi.org/10.1145/3712285.3771789, 2025.
Kong, L., Tang, X., Wang, Z., Zhu, J., Li, J., Wu, H., Wu, Q., Chen, H., Zhu, L., Wang, W., Liu, B., Wang, Q., Chen, D., Pan, Y., Li, J., Wu, L., and Carmichael, G. R.: Changes in air pollutant emissions in China during two clean-air action periods derived from the newly developed Inversed Emission Inventory for Chinese Air Quality (CAQIEI), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4351–4387, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4351-2024, 2024.
Lender, K.: PCI-SIG in 2019: A year in review, Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group, https://pcisig.com/blog/pci-sig%C2%AE-2019-year-review (last access: 27 July 2026), 2019.
Li, J., Wang, Z., Zhuang, G., Luo, G., Sun, Y., and Wang, Q.: Mixing of Asian mineral dust with anthropogenic pollutants over East Asia: a model case study of a super-duststorm in March 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7591–7607, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7591-2012, 2012.
Li, J., Chen, X., Wang, Z., Du, H., Yang, W., Sun, Y., Hu, B., Li, J., Wang, W., Wang, T., Fu, P., and Huang, H.: Radiative and heterogeneous chemical effects of aerosols on ozone and inorganic aerosols over East Asia, Sci. Total Environ., 622–623, 1327–1342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.041, 2018.
Li, M., Liu, H., Geng, G., Hong, C., Liu, F., Song, Y., Tong, D., Zheng, B., Cui, H., Man, H., Zhang, Q., and He, K.: Anthropogenic emission inventories in China: a review, Natl. Sci. Rev., 4, 834–866, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx150, 2017.
Linford, J. C., Michalakes, J., Vachharajani, M., and Sandu, A.: Automatic Generation of Multicore Chemical Kernels, IEEE T. Parall. Distr., 22, 119–131, https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2010.106, 2011.
Liu, J., Han, Y., Tang, X., Zhu, J., and Zhu, T.: Estimating adult mortality attributable to PM2.5 exposure in China with assimilated PM2.5 concentrations based on a ground monitoring network, Sci. Total Environ., 568, 1253–1262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.165, 2016.
Milton, L. A. and White, A. R.: The potential impact of bushfire smoke on brain health, Neurochem. Int., 139, 104796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104796, 2020.
NVIDIA: CUDA C++ Programming Guide Version 10.2, NVIDIA Corporation, https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/archive/10.2/pdf/CUDA_C_Programming_Guide.pdf (last access: 26 May 2025), 2020.
Nenes, A., Pandis, S. N., and Pilinis, C.: ISORROPIA: A New Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model for Multiphase Multicomponent Inorganic Aerosols, Aquat. Geochem., 4, 123–152, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009604003981, 1998.
PCI-SIG: The PCIe 7.0 specification, Version 1.0 is now available to members, PCI-SIG, https://pcisig.com/specifications/pcie-70-specification-version-03-now-available-members (last access: 6 August 2026), 2025.
Podrascanin, Z.: Setting-up a Real-Time Air Quality Forecasting system for Serbia: a WRF-Chem feasibility study with different horizontal resolutions and emission inventories, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 26, 17066–17079, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05140-y, 2019.
Quevedo, D., Do, K., Delic, G., Rodríguez-Borbón, J., Wong, B. M., and Ivey, C. E.: GPU Implementation of a Gas-Phase Chemistry Solver in the CMAQ Chemical Transport Model, ACS ES&T Air, 2, 226–235, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00181, 2025.
Sandu, A., Verwer, J. G., Van Loon, M., Carmichael, G. R., Potra, F. A., Dabdub, D., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Benchmarking stiff ode solvers for atmospheric chemistry problems-I. implicit vs explicit, Atmos. Environ., 31, 3151–3166, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00059-9, 1997.
Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Barker, D. M., Duda, M. G., Huang, X.-Y., Wang, W., and Powers, J. G.: A description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3, NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-475+STR, 113 pp., https://doi.org/10.5065/D68S4MVH, 2008.
Sun, J., Fu, J. S., Drake, J. B., Zhu, Q., Haidar, A., Gates, M., Tomov, S., and Dongarra, J.: Computational Benefit of GPU Optimization for the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 10, 1952–1969, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001276, 2018.
Tang, Y., Campbell, P. C., Lee, P., Saylor, R., Yang, F., Baker, B., Tong, D., Stein, A., Huang, J., Huang, H.-C., Pan, L., McQueen, J., Stajner, I., Tirado-Delgado, J., Jung, Y., Yang, M., Bourgeois, I., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T., Blake, D., Schwarz, J., Jimenez, J.-L., Crawford, J., Diskin, G., Moore, R., Hair, J., Huey, G., Rollins, A., Dibb, J., and Zhang, X.: Evaluation of the NAQFC driven by the NOAA Global Forecast System (version 16): comparison with the WRF-CMAQ during the summer 2019 FIREX-AQ campaign, Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7977–7999, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7977-2022, 2022.
Thompson, T. M. and Selin, N. E.: Influence of air quality model resolution on uncertainty associated with health impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9753–9762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9753-2012, 2012.
TOP500: Supercomputing Top500 list, TOP500 international organization, https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2024/11/ (last access: 26 May 2025), 2024.
Váňa, F., Düben, P., Lang, S., Palmer, T., Leutbecher, M., Salmond, D., and Carver, G.: Single Precision in Weather Forecasting Models: An Evaluation with the IFS, Mon. Weather Rev., 145, 495–502, https://doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0228.1, 2017.
Walcek, C. J. and Aleksic, N. M.: A simple but accurate mass conservative, peak-preserving, mixing ratio bounded advection algorithm with FORTRAN code, Atmos. Environ., 32, 3863–3880, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00099-5, 1998.
Wang, H., Chen, H., Wu, Q., Lin, J., Chen, X., Xie, X., Wang, R., Tang, X., and Wang, Z.: GNAQPMS v1.1: accelerating the Global Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (GNAQPMS) on Intel Xeon Phi processors, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2891–2904, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2891-2017, 2017.
Wang, H., Lin, J., Wu, Q., Chen, H., Tang, X., Wang, Z., Chen, X., Cheng, H., and Wang, L.: MP CBM-Z V1.0: design for a new Carbon Bond Mechanism Z (CBM-Z) gas-phase chemical mechanism architecture for next-generation processors, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 749–764, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-749-2019, 2019.
Wang, P., Jiang, J., Lin, P., Ding, M., Wei, J., Zhang, F., Zhao, L., Li, Y., Yu, Z., Zheng, W., Yu, Y., Chi, X., and Liu, H.: The GPU version of LASG/IAP Climate System Ocean Model version 3 (LICOM3) under the heterogeneous-compute interface for portability (HIP) framework and its large-scale application , Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2781–2799, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2781-2021, 2021.
Wang, W., Chen, H., Wang, Z., Li, J., Chen, X., Yu, F., Fan, X., Zhao, S., Hu, B., Wang, W., Tang, X., Wang, Z., Ge, B., and Wu, J.: Development and evaluation of photolysis and gas-phase reaction scheme in EPICC-model: Impacts on tropospheric ozone simulation, Atmos. Environ., 359, 121373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121373, 2025.
Wesely, M. L.: Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1293–1304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4, 1989.
Wu, H., Tang, X., Wang, Z., Wu, L., Lu, M., Wei, L., and Zhu, J.: Probabilistic Automatic Outlier Detection for Surface Air Quality Measurements from the China National Environmental Monitoring Network, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1522–1532, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-8067-9, 2018.
Wu, Q. Z., Xu, W. S., Shi, A. J., Li, Y. T., Zhao, X. J., Wang, Z. F., Li, J. X., and Wang, L. N.: Air quality forecast of PM10 in Beijing with Community Multi-scale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) system: emission and improvement, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2243–2259, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2243-2014, 2014.
Yarwood, G., Shi, Y., and Beardsley, R.: Impact of cb6r5 mechanism changes on air pollutant modeling in Texas, Final report prepared for the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, TX, https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/airmod/project/pj_report_pm.html (last access: 9 October 2026), 2020.
Yanes, A.: PCIe 6.0 specification released to members: Double the bandwidth for next-generation applications, PCI-SIG, https://pcisig.com/blog/pcie%C2%AE-60-specification-released-members-double-bandwidth-next-generation-applications (last access: 6 August 2026), 2022.
Yang, J., Qu, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, X., Niu, H., and An, J.: Dominant physical and chemical processes impacting nitrate in Shandong of the North China Plain during winter haze events, Sci. Total Environ., 912, 169065, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169065, 2024.
Zaveri, R. A. and Peters, L. K.: A new lumped structure photochemical mechanism for large-scale applications, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 30387–30415, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jd900876, 1999.
Zhang, J., Lian, C., Wang, W., Ge, M., Guo, Y., Ran, H., Zhang, Y., Zheng, F., Fan, X., Yan, C., Daellenbach, K. R., Liu, Y., Kulmala, M., and An, J.: Amplified role of potential HONO sources in O3 formation in North China Plain during autumn haze aggravating processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3275–3302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3275-2022, 2022.
Zhang, L., Brook, J. R., and Vet, R.: A revised parameterization for gaseous dry deposition in air-quality models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 2067–2082, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-2067-2003, 2003.
Zhu, T., Tang, M., Gao, M., Bi, X., Cao, J., Che, H., Chen, J., Ding, A., Fu, P., Gao, J., Gao, Y., Ge, M., Ge, X., Han, Z., He, H., Huang, R.-J., Huang, X., Liao, H., Liu, C., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, S. C., Lu, K., Ma, Q., Nie, W., Shao, M., Song, Y., Sun, Y., Tang, X., Wang, T., Wang, T., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Yin, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zheng, M., Zhu, B., and Zhu, J.: Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1339–1361, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-2379-0, 2023.
Download
Please read the editorial note first before accessing the article.
- Article
(8288 KB) - Full-text XML
-
Supplement
(367 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Short summary
This study achieves significant acceleration by developing an optimized advection module for Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community Model on Graphics Processing Unit. Through implementing thread-block indexing, minimizing Central Processing Unit and Graphics Processing Unit communication, and an parallel framework, we demonstrate speedups: 556.5× faster offline performance for the Heterogeneous Interface advection solver and 20.5× acceleration in coupled simulations.
This study achieves significant acceleration by developing an optimized advection module for...
