Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 19
Articles | Volume 19, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9463-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9463-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 19
Development and technical paper
 | 
07 Oct 2026
Development and technical paper |  | 07 Oct 2026

Benchmarking a new urban scheme in the ORCHIDEE 2.2 land surface model

Morgane Lalonde, Sophie Bastin, Ludovic Oudin, Pedro Felipe Arboleda-Obando, and Agnès Ducharne

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Short summary
Some climate models still represent cities as if they were natural ground. For one of these models, we built a new way to represent cities. The update includes how reflective surfaces are, building height, stored heat, and how much ground is sealed. The novelty is to treat sealed ground not only at the surface, but also below it. Tested at twenty urban sites, the new version better represents exchanges of energy between the ground and the air, supporting more reliable urban climate studies.
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