Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5071-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5071-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
15 Jun 2026
Model evaluation paper |
| 15 Jun 2026
| 15 Jun 2026
Simulated and observed transport estimates across the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) sections
US National Science Foundation (NSF) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
Frederic S. Castruccio
US National Science Foundation (NSF) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
Burcu Boza
Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkiye
Alice M. Barthel
US Department of Energy (DOE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, USA
Arne Biastoch
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
Adam Blaker
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Alexandra Bozec
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Diego Bruciaferri
UK Met Office, Exeter, UK
Frank O. Bryan
US National Science Foundation (NSF) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
Eric P. Chassignet
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
Ian Grooms
Applied Mathematics Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Catherine Guiavarc'h
UK Met Office, Exeter, UK
Hakase Hayashida
Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Andrew McC. Hogg
Research School of Earth Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Ryan M. Holmes
Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Sydney, Australia
Doroteaciro Iovino
Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
Andrew E. Kiss
Research School of Earth Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
M. Susan Lozier
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Gustavo Marques
US National Science Foundation (NSF) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
Alex Megann
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Franziska U. Schwarzkopf
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Dave Storkey
UK Met Office, Exeter, UK
Luke van Roekel
US Department of Energy (DOE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, USA
Jon Wolfe
US Department of Energy (DOE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, USA
Xiaobiao Xu
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Rong Zhang
Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), Princeton, NJ, USA
Data sets
Dataset to reproduce the figures in "Simulated and Observed Transport Estimates Across the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) Section" F. Castruccio https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19867166
Model code and software
NCAR/metric: v0.2 (0.2) Ollie Tooth et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17858479
Copy of the Gibbs SeaWater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox of TEOS-10 F. S. Castruccio https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19955069
Short summary
A comparison of simulated and observed overturning transports across the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program sections is presented. Eighteen ocean simulations participate in the study with resolutions ranging from coarse to eddy-resolving. The simulated transports are in general agreement with observations, with better agreement at high resolution. Analyzing overturning circulations in both depth and density space together provides a more complete picture.
A comparison of simulated and observed overturning transports across the Overturning in the...
