Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4775-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4775-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
03 Jun 2026
Model description paper |
| 03 Jun 2026
| 03 Jun 2026
A unified Hapke-HSR + MARMIT-2 soil radiative transfer model for reflectance simulation under varying moisture conditions
Anxin Ding
Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350000, China
School of Geographical Sciences, School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350000, China
Jockey Club STEM Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing, Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
Jockey Club STEM Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing, Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
Ziti Jiao
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Faculty of Geographical Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
Philipps-Universität Marburg Department of Geography Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing F|14, Deutschhausstr. 12, 35032 Marburg, Germany
Hanyu Shi
School of Geospatial Artificial Intelligence, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
Rui Xie
International Institute for Earth System Sciences, and School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Short summary
Wet soil are difficult to model because water changes how sunlight interacts with soil surfaces and alters reflectance in different viewing directions. We developed a unified physical model to simulate soil reflectance under varying moisture conditions. The results show that soil moisture not only darkens soil but also changes their directional reflectance, especially in the near-infrared region. This work can improve soil moisture retrieval and future remote sensing applications.
Wet soil are difficult to model because water changes how sunlight interacts with soil surfaces...
