Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4775-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4775-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
Model description paper
 | 
03 Jun 2026
Model description paper |  | 03 Jun 2026

A unified Hapke-HSR + MARMIT-2 soil radiative transfer model for reflectance simulation under varying moisture conditions

Anxin Ding, Han Ma, Shunlin Liang, Ziti Jiao, Alexander A. Kokhanovsky, Hanyu Shi, and Rui Xie

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Short summary
Wet soil are difficult to model because water changes how sunlight interacts with soil surfaces and alters reflectance in different viewing directions. We developed a unified physical model to simulate soil reflectance under varying moisture conditions. The results show that soil moisture not only darkens soil but also changes their directional reflectance, especially in the near-infrared region. This work can improve soil moisture retrieval and future remote sensing applications.
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