Process-based evaluation of ENSO simulation sensitivity  to horizontal resolution in the Chinese Academy  of Sciences FGOALS-f3 Climate System Model

Song, Meng-Er; Chen, Lin; Yu, Yongqiang; An, Bo; Zhao, Jiuwei; Zhi, Hai

doi:10.5194/gmd-19-4725-2026

Articles | Volume 19, issue 11

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4725-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4725-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 11

Model evaluation paper

|

02 Jun 2026

Model evaluation paper |

| 02 Jun 2026

Process-based evaluation of ENSO simulation sensitivity to horizontal resolution in the Chinese Academy of Sciences FGOALS-f3 Climate System Model

Meng-Er Song, Lin Chen, Yongqiang Yu, Bo An, Jiuwei Zhao, and Hai Zhi

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4725-2026-supplement

Data sets

The output of FGOALS-f3 models Q. Bao and B. He https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.3312

Model code and software

Source code and analysis data for "Process-based evaluation of ENSO simulation sensitivity to horizontal resolution in the Chinese Academy of Sciences FGOALS-f3 Climate System Model" Meng-Er Song et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19552337

Short summary

This study evaluates how horizontal resolution (~ 25 vs. ~ 100 km) affects El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulation in the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (CAS FGOALS-f3) climate model. A reproducible, process-based framework reveals ENSO biases stem from resolution-dependent air–sea feedbacks and high-frequency atmospheric variability. This work informs future development for the FGOALS-f3 family and serves as a reference for CMIP6/CMIP7 evaluation.