Articles | Volume 19, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2137-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2137-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
16 Mar 2026
Model description paper |
| 16 Mar 2026
| 16 Mar 2026
The BiogeochemicAl Model for Hypoxic and Benthic Influenced areas: BAMHBI v1.0
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Luc Vandenbulcke
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Séverine Chevalier
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Mathurin Choblet
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Ilya Drozd
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Jean-François Grailet
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Evgeny Ivanov
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Loïc Macé
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Polina Verezemskaya
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Haolin Yu
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Lauranne Alaerts
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Ny Riana Randresihaja
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Victor Mangeleer
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Guillaume Maertens de Noordhout
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Arthur Capet
ECOMOD, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
B-Geosys, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Catherine Meulders
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Anne Mouchet
MAST-FOCUS, Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, B5 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Guy Munhoven
LPAP–SPHERES Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography Department, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Karline Soetaert
Estuarine and Delta System, NIOZ, Yerseke, the Netherlands
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Nathaelle Bouttes, Lester Kwiatkowski, Manon Berger, Victor Brovkin, and Guy Munhoven
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Mikhail Popov, Jean-Michel Brankart, Arthur Capet, Emmanuel Cosme, and Pierre Brasseur
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Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
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State Planet, 1-osr7, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, 2023
Matteo Willeit, Tatiana Ilyina, Bo Liu, Christoph Heinze, Mahé Perrette, Malte Heinemann, Daniela Dalmonech, Victor Brovkin, Guy Munhoven, Janine Börker, Jens Hartmann, Gibran Romero-Mujalli, and Andrey Ganopolski
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3501–3534, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3501-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3501-2023, 2023
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Stanley I. Nmor, Eric Viollier, Lucie Pastor, Bruno Lansard, Christophe Rabouille, and Karline Soetaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7325–7351, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7325-2022, 2022
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The coastal marine environment serves as a transition zone in the land–ocean continuum and is susceptible to episodic phenomena such as flash floods, which cause massive organic matter deposition. Here, we present a model of sediment early diagenesis that explicitly describes this type of deposition while also incorporating unique flood deposit characteristics. This model can be used to investigate the temporal evolution of marine sediments following abrupt changes in environmental conditions.
Justin C. Tiano, Jochen Depestele, Gert Van Hoey, João Fernandes, Pieter van Rijswijk, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 19, 2583–2598, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022, 2022
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This study gives an assessment of bottom trawling on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in a location known for its strong currents and variable habitats. Although trawl gears only removed the top 1 cm of the seabed surface, impacts on reef-building tubeworms significantly decreased carbon and nutrient cycling. Lighter trawls slightly reduced the impact on fauna and nutrients. Tubeworms were strongly linked to biogeochemical and faunal aspects before but not after trawling.
Alice E. Webb, Didier M. de Bakker, Karline Soetaert, Tamara da Costa, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, Fleur C. van Duyl, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Lennart J. de Nooijer
Biogeosciences, 18, 6501–6516, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, 2021
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The biogeochemical behaviour of shallow reef communities is quantified to better understand the impact of habitat degradation and species composition shifts on reef functioning. The reef communities investigated barely support reef functions that are usually ascribed to conventional coral reefs, and the overall biogeochemical behaviour is found to be similar regardless of substrate type. This suggests a decrease in functional diversity which may therefore limit services provided by this reef.
Estrella Olmedo, Verónica González-Gambau, Antonio Turiel, Cristina González-Haro, Aina García-Espriu, Marilaure Gregoire, Aida Álvera-Azcárate, Luminita Buga, and Marie-Hélène Rio
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-364, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We present the first dedicated satellite salinity product in the Black Sea. We use the measurements provided by the European Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission. We introduce enhanced algorithms for dealing with the contamination produced by the Radio Frequency Interferences that strongly affect this basin. We also provide a complete quality assessment of the new product and give an estimated accuracy of it.
Chiu H. Cheng, Jaco C. de Smit, Greg S. Fivash, Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher, Bas W. Borsje, and Karline Soetaert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1335–1346, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1335-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1335-2021, 2021
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Shells are biogenic particles that are widespread throughout natural sandy environments and can affect the bed roughness and seabed erodibility. As studies are presently lacking, we experimentally measured ripple formation and migration using natural sand with increasing volumes of shell material under unidirectional flow in a racetrack flume. We show that shells expedite the onset of sediment transport, reduce ripple dimensions and slow their migration rate.
Guy Munhoven
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4225–4240, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4225-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4225-2021, 2021
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SolveSAPHE (Munhoven, 2013) was the first package to calculate pH reliably from any physically sensible pair of total alkalinity (AlkT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) data and to do so in an autonomous and efficient way. Here, we extend it to use CO2, HCO3 or CO3 instead of CT. For each one of these pairs, the new SolveSAPHE calculates all of the possible pH values (0, 1, or 2), again without any prior knowledge of the solutions.
Guy Munhoven
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3603–3631, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3603-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3603-2021, 2021
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Sea-floor sediments play an important role in biogeochemical cycling of elements (e.g. carbon, silicon, nutrients) in the ocean. Realistic sediment modules are, however, not yet commonly used in global ocean biogeochemical models. Here we present MEDUSA, a model of the processes taking place in the surface sea-floor sediments which control the interaction between the sediments and the ocean. MEDUSA can be configured to meet the exact needs of any given ocean biogeochemical model.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 18, 2539–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, 2021
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Bottom trawling alters benthic mineralization: the recycling of organic material (OM) to free nutrients. To better understand how this occurs, trawling events were added to a model of seafloor OM recycling. Results show that bottom trawling reduces OM and free nutrients in sediments through direct removal thereof and of fauna which transport OM to deeper sediment layers protected from fishing. Our results support temporospatial trawl restrictions to allow key sediment functions to recover.
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Short summary
This paper describes the ocean BiogeochemicAl Model for Hypoxic and Benthic Influenced areas (BAMHBI). BAMHBI is a moderate complexity marine biogeochemical model that describes the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and oxygen through the marine foodweb. BAMHBI is a stand-alone biogeochemical model that can be coupled to any hydrodynamical model and is particularly appropriate for modelling low oxygen environments and the generation of sulfidic waters.
This paper describes the ocean BiogeochemicAl Model for Hypoxic and Benthic Influenced areas...
