Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1261-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1261-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
Model evaluation paper
 | 
11 Feb 2026
Model evaluation paper |  | 11 Feb 2026

Implementation of a multi-layer snow scheme in the GloSea6 seasonal forecast system: impacts on land–atmosphere interactions and climatological biases

Eunkyo Seo, Paul A. Dirmeyer, and Sunlae Tak

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Short summary
This study examines a multi-layer snow scheme in seasonal forecasts. Compared to a single-layer scheme, it better captures snow insulation, delaying spring snowmelt by 1–2 weeks. This postpones evaporation and slows soil moisture depletion, which promotes evaporative cooling due to increasing energy partitioning into latent heat flux and enhances precipitation occurrence. This leads to realistic land-atmosphere interactions and reduced biases across Northern Hemisphere mid- and high-latitudes.
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