Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1213-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1213-2026
Development and technical paper
 | 
10 Feb 2026
Development and technical paper |  | 10 Feb 2026

Computation of fish larvae self-recruitment in using forward- and backward-in-time particle tracking in a Lagrangian model (SWIM-v2.0) of the simulated circulation of Lake Erie (AEM3D-v1.1.2)

Wei Shi, Leon Boegman, Josef D. Ackerman, Shiliang Shan, and Yingming Zhao

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Cited articles

Amidon, Z. J., DeBruyne, R. L., Roseman, E. F., and Mayer, C. M.: Contemporary and Historic Dynamics of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Eggs, Larvae, and Juveniles Suggest Recruitment Bottleneck during First Growing Season, Annales Zoologici Fennici, 58, https://doi.org/10.5735/086.058.0405, 2021. 
Bauer, R. K., Gräwe, U., Stepputtis, D., Zimmermann, C., and Hammer, C.: Identifying the location and importance of spawning sites of Western Baltic herring using a particle backtracking model, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71, 499–509, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst163, 2014. 
Béguer-Pon, M., Shan, S., Thompson, K. R., Castonguay, M., Sheng, J., and Dodson, J. J.: Exploring the role of the physical marine environment in silver eel migrations using a biophysical particle tracking model, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73, 57–74, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv169, 2016. 
Beletsky, D., Hawley, N., and Rao, Y. R.: Modeling summer circulation and thermal structure of Lake Erie, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 6238–6252, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jc008854, 2013. 
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Short summary
Self-recruitment of a population at a given larval settlement location is dependent on larval production from each source location, independent of larval recruits at the settlement location. An arbitrary choice of the number of larvae released from each source location in forward tracking is found to cause ambiguous self-recruitment. In contrast, we found that an arbitrary choice of the number of larvae released from the settlement location in backtracking leads to unambiguous self-recruitment.
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