Subsurface injection of carbon dioxide (CO₂) can be used for a variety of purposes including geologic carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery. Recently, CO₂ injection into reactive host rocks has been explored as a way to transform CO₂ into dense solid minerals. We present a simulation framework for modeling flow of CO₂ due to injection and subsequent reactions that take place to mineralize CO₂.

Developing scientific software and making sure it functions properly requires a significant effort. As we advance our understanding of natural systems, however, there is the need to develop yet more complex models and codes. In this work, we present a piece of software that facilitates this work, specifically with regard to reactive processes. Existing tried-and-true codes are made available via this new interface, freeing up resources to focus on the new aspects of the problems at hand.

Safe carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage is likely to be critical for mitigating some of the most severe effects of climate change. We present a simulation framework for modeling CO₂ storage beneath the seafloor, where CO₂ can form a solid. This can aid in permanent CO₂ storage for long periods of time. Our models show what a commercial-scale CO₂ injection would look like in a marine environment. We discuss what would need to be considered when designing a subsea CO₂ injection.

The new Lambda-PFLOTRAN workflow incorporates organic matter chemistry into reaction networks to simulate aerobic respiration and biogeochemistry. Lambda-PFLOTRAN is a Python-based workflow in a Jupyter notebook interface that digests raw organic matter chemistry data via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, develops a representative reaction network, and completes a biogeochemical simulation with the open-source, parallel-reactive-flow, and transport code PFLOTRAN.

We present a robust and highly scalable implementation of numerical forward modeling and inversion algorithms for geophysical electrical resistivity tomography data. The implementation is publicly available and developed within the framework of PFLOTRAN (http://www.pflotran.org), an open-source, state-of-the-art massively parallel subsurface flow and transport simulation code. The paper details all the theoretical and implementation aspects of the new capabilities along with test examples.