Articles | Volume 14, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-205-2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-205-2021
Development and technical paper
 | 
12 Jan 2021
Development and technical paper |  | 12 Jan 2021

Spin-up characteristics with three types of initial fields and the restart effects on forecast accuracy in the GRAPES global forecast system

Zhanshan Ma, Chuanfeng Zhao, Jiandong Gong, Jin Zhang, Zhe Li, Jian Sun, Yongzhu Liu, Jiong Chen, and Qingu Jiang

Related authors

Simulation study of a Squall line hailstorm using High-Resolution GRAPES-Meso with a modified Double-Moment Microphysics scheme
Zhe Li, Qijun Liu, Xiaomin Chen, Zhanshan Ma, Jiong Chen, and Yuan Jiang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-439,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-439, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary

Related subject area

Climate and Earth system modeling
Baseline Climate Variables for Earth System Modelling
Martin Juckes, Karl E. Taylor, Fabrizio Antonio, David Brayshaw, Carlo Buontempo, Jian Cao, Paul J. Durack, Michio Kawamiya, Hyungjun Kim, Tomas Lovato, Chloe Mackallah, Matthew Mizielinski, Alessandra Nuzzo, Martina Stockhause, Daniele Visioni, Jeremy Walton, Briony Turner, Eleanor O'Rourke, and Beth Dingley
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2639–2663, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2639-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2639-2025, 2025
Short summary
PaleoSTeHM v1.0: a modern, scalable spatiotemporal hierarchical modeling framework for paleo-environmental data
Yucheng Lin, Robert E. Kopp, Alexander Reedy, Matteo Turilli, Shantenu Jha, and Erica L. Ashe
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2609–2637, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2609-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2609-2025, 2025
Short summary
The Tropical Basin Interaction Model Intercomparison Project (TBIMIP)
Ingo Richter, Ping Chang, Ping-Gin Chiu, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Takeshi Doi, Dietmar Dommenget, Guillaume Gastineau, Zoe E. Gillett, Aixue Hu, Takahito Kataoka, Noel S. Keenlyside, Fred Kucharski, Yuko M. Okumura, Wonsun Park, Malte F. Stuecker, Andréa S. Taschetto, Chunzai Wang, Stephen G. Yeager, and Sang-Wook Yeh
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2587–2608, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2587-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2587-2025, 2025
Short summary
ZEMBA v1.0: an energy and moisture balance climate model to investigate Quaternary climate
Daniel F. J. Gunning, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Emilie Capron, and Roderik S. W. van de Wal
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2479–2508, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2479-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2479-2025, 2025
Short summary
Development and evaluation of a new 4DEnVar-based weakly coupled ocean data assimilation system in E3SMv2
Pengfei Shi, L. Ruby Leung, and Bin Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2443–2460, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2443-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2443-2025, 2025
Short summary

Cited articles

Anthes, R. A., Kuo, Y., Hsie, E., Low-Nam, S., and Bettge, T. W.: Estimation of skill and uncertainty in regional numerical models, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 763–806, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711548803, 1989. 
Arakawa, A. and Schubert, W. H.: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674–701, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<0674:IOACCE>2.0.CO;2, 1974. 
Bauer, P., Thorpe, A., and Brunet, G.: The quiet revolution of numerical weather prediction, Nature, 525, 47–55, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14956, 2015. 
Bjerknes, V.: Das Problem der Wettervorhersage, betrachtet vom Standpunkte der Mechanick und der Physik [The problem of weather prediction as seen from the standpoint of mechanics and physics], Meteorol. Z., 21, 1–7, 1904. 
Bryan, K.: Accelerating the convergence to equilibrium of ocean–climate models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 666–673, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1984)014<0666:ATCTEO>2.0.CO;2, 1984. 
Download
Short summary
The spin-up in GRAPES_GFS, under different initial fields, goes through a dramatic adjustment in the first half-hour of integration and slow dynamic and thermal adjustments afterwards. It lasts for at least 6 h, with model adjustment gradually completed from lower to upper layers in the model. Thus, the forecast results, at least in the first 6 h, should be avoided when used. In addition, the spin-up process should repeat when the model simulation is interrupted.
Share