Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 18
Articles | Volume 19, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9131-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9131-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 18
Model description paper
 | 
28 Sep 2026
Model description paper |  | 28 Sep 2026

The NASA-GISS ModelE2.1-CC2 ESM: development and evaluation

Anastasia Romanou, Paul Lerner, Joy Romanski, Nancy Y. Kiang, Igor Aleinov, Maxwell Kelley, Ron L. Miller, Gary Russell, Reto Ruedy, Gavin A. Schmidt, Maria Z. Hakuba, and Ou Wang

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Short summary
This paper describes simulations of the present climate using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Earth System model. Major highlight is the capability to include complex interactions of the different components of the Earth System, including biology, and compare well with a wide variety of observations. We demonstrate that this model can be used to address present, past and future changes in the Earth system and their impacts and interactions with ecosystems.
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