Articles | Volume 19, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-8673-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-8673-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
17 Sep 2026
Development and technical paper |
| 17 Sep 2026
| 17 Sep 2026
An online spectral nudging-based correction system: improving physical model forecasts by incorporating large-scale circulations derived from machine learning models
Yong Su
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology (LaSW), Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology (LaSW), Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Xueshun Shen
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology (LaSW), Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
Couhua Liu
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology (LaSW), Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
Xingliang Li
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology (LaSW), Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
Jin Zhang
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology (LaSW), Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
Hao Jing
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology (LaSW), Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
Yingying Hu
National Meteorological Center, CMA, Beijing, 100081, China
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Short summary
The traditional weather prediction models improve slowly, while machine learning models struggle with extreme weather and fine details. To address these gaps, we developed an online Spectral Nudging-based correction system that leverages a machine learning model's skillful large-scale circulation to guide a physical model. This hybrid model enhances large-scale skill while preserving small-scale features, providing a viable pathway for improving operational weather forecasting.
The traditional weather prediction models improve slowly, while machine learning models struggle...
