Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 16
Articles | Volume 19, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-8003-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-8003-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 16
Model evaluation paper
 | 
27 Aug 2026
Model evaluation paper |  | 27 Aug 2026

Improving simulation of Earth system variability through weakly coupled ocean data assimilation in E3SM

Pengfei Shi, L. Ruby Leung, Zhaoxia Pu, Samson Hagos, and Karthik Balaguru

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Short summary
Reliable climate prediction requires accurate ocean initial conditions. We developed an ocean data assimilation system that incorporates ocean temperature and salinity reanalysis into a climate model. This system improves simulations of climate variability from years to decades and of U.S. winter temperature and precipitation. Additional hindcasts show no appreciable initialization shock and reproduce physically coherent ENSO teleconnection patterns, supporting more reliable climate predictions.
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