Articles | Volume 19, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-8003-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-8003-2026
Model evaluation paper
 | 
27 Aug 2026
Model evaluation paper |  | 27 Aug 2026

Improving simulation of Earth system variability through weakly coupled ocean data assimilation in E3SM

Pengfei Shi, L. Ruby Leung, Zhaoxia Pu, Samson Hagos, and Karthik Balaguru

Data sets

Data For Analysis P. Shi https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16740831

Model code and software

ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present Copernicus Climate Change Service https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.f17050d7

E3SM [Figure] P. Shi https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16652680

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Short summary
Reliable climate prediction requires accurate ocean initial conditions. We developed an ocean data assimilation system that incorporates ocean temperature and salinity reanalysis into a climate model. This system improves simulations of climate variability from years to decades and of U.S. winter temperature and precipitation. Additional hindcasts show no appreciable initialization shock and reproduce physically coherent ENSO teleconnection patterns, supporting more reliable climate predictions.
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