Articles | Volume 19, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5857-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5857-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A food crop yield emulator for integration in the compact Earth system model OSCAR (OSCAR-crop v1.0)
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, People's Republic of China
International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Thomas Gasser
International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Jianmin Ma
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, People's Republic of China
Junfeng Liu
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, People's Republic of China
Jonas Jägermeyr
Columbia University, Climate School, New York, NY 10025, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impacts Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
Christoph Müller
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impacts Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
Christian Folberth
International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Florian Zabel
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
Atul K. Jain
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
Wenfeng Liu
State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, College of Water Resources and Intelligence Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Heidi Webber
Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
Model code and software
OSCAR-crop v1.0 X. Liu https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17228924
Short summary
This paper presents a crop yield emulator for four major crops (maize, rice, soybean, and wheat). Trained on process-based crop model simulations, it captures yield responses to key drivers: atmospheric CO2, temperature, water availability, and nitrogen use. The emulator closely reproduces the behavior of complex crop models and aligns well with FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)-reported historical yields. It provides a robust and efficient method for representing agricultural outcomes in climate change impact assessments.
This paper presents a crop yield emulator for four major crops (maize, rice, soybean, and...