Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4467-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4467-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
Model description paper
 | 
27 May 2026
Model description paper |  | 27 May 2026

H2CM (v1.0): hybrid modeling of global water–carbon cycles constrained by atmospheric and land observations

Zavud Baghirov, Markus Reichstein, Basil Kraft, Bernhard Ahrens, Marco Körner, and Martin Jung

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Short summary
We introduce a new global model that links how water and carbon move through land ecosystems. By combining process knowledge with artificial intelligence that learns from observations, we model daily changes in vegetation, water and carbon cycle processes. This model outperforms both purely data-driven and traditional process models, especially in dry and tropical regions. This advance could improve current understanding of water–carbon cycle relationships.
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