Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4331-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4331-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
Development and technical paper
 | 
21 May 2026
Development and technical paper |  | 21 May 2026

Development of a next-generation general ocean circulation model for the Great Lakes

Meena Raju, David J. Cannon, Peter Alsip, He Wang, Jia Wang, Theresa Cordero, Robert W. Hallberg, Charles A. Stock, and Joseph A. Langan

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Short summary
This study developed the Modular Ocean Model version 6.0 coupled with Sea Ice Simulator version 2.0 for the Great Lakes, validated against observations and an operational model. This study also tested two vertical coordinate systems, z* and hybrid. The model reproduced lake physics with good skill. The hybrid vertical coordinate improved thermocline representation and preserved deep cold-water during stratification, demonstrating the model’s suitability for large freshwater systems.
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Development and deployment of regional ocean configurations...