Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 8
Articles | Volume 19, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3427-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3427-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 8
Model evaluation paper
 | 
27 Apr 2026
Model evaluation paper |  | 27 Apr 2026

Benchmarking soil moisture and its relationship to ecohydrologic variables in Earth System Models

Elias C. Massoud, Nathan Collier, Yaoping Wang, Jiafu Mao, Adrian Harpold, Steven A. Kannenberg, Gerbrand Koren, Mukesh Kumar, Pushpendra Raghav, Pallav Ray, Mingjie Shi, Jing Tao, Sreedevi P. Vasu, Huiqi Wang, Qing Zhu, and Forrest M. Hoffman

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Latest update: 27 Apr 2026
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Short summary
Soil moisture helps control how plants grow and how land exchanges water and energy with the atmosphere. We evaluated how well 16 Earth System Models represent soil moisture and its links to plant activity using a benchmarking system and observational data. Many models simulate surface soil moisture well but show larger errors deeper in the soil and in colder regions. Models that represent plant–soil water interactions more directly better capture how ecosystems respond to water availability.
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