Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1769-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1769-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
Development and technical paper
 | 
03 Mar 2026
Development and technical paper |  | 03 Mar 2026

Implementation of a sigma coordinate system in PALM-Sigma v1.0 (based on PALM v21.10) for LES study of the marine atmospheric boundary layer

Xu Ning and Mostafa Bakhoday-Paskyabi

Viewed

Total article views: 547 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total BibTeX EndNote
321 187 39 547 23 24
  • HTML: 321
  • PDF: 187
  • XML: 39
  • Total: 547
  • BibTeX: 23
  • EndNote: 24
Views and downloads (calculated since 06 Oct 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 06 Oct 2025)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 547 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 525 with geography defined and 22 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 
Latest update: 03 Mar 2026
Download
Short summary
Ocean waves shape winds close to the surface and extend their impact throughout the atmospheric boundary layer. In this study, we built a new modeling tool that allows simulations to follow the moving wave surface itself. By testing different wave and wind conditions, we show how waves change air motion, turbulence, and energy exchange above the ocean. This approach improves our ability to represent air–sea interactions, with implications for weather studies and offshore wind energy.
Read more
Share