Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 18, issue 21
Articles | Volume 18, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8047-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Collection:
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8047-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 21
Model description paper
 | 
30 Oct 2025
Model description paper |  | 30 Oct 2025

An overview of FRIDA v2.1: a feedback-based, fully coupled, global integrated assessment model of climate and humans

William Schoenberg, Benjamin Blanz, Jefferson K. Rajah, Beniamino Callegari, Christopher Wells, Jannes Breier, Martin B. Grimeland, Andreas Nicolaidis Lindqvist, Lennart Ramme, Chris Smith, Chao Li, Sarah Mashhadi, Adakudlu Muralidhar, and Cecilie Mauritzen

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Short summary
The current crop of models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to produce their assessment reports lack endogenous process-based representations of climate-driven changes to human activities, limiting understanding of the feedback between climate and humans. FRIDA (Feedback-based knowledge Repository for IntegrateD Assessments) v2.1 integrates these systems and generate results that suggest standard scenarios the shared socioeconomic pathways baseline scenarios may overestimate economic growth, highlighting the importance of feedbacks for realistic projections and informed policymaking.
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The FRIDA model – a.k.a. “Feedback-based knowledge...