Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 18, issue 19
Articles | Volume 18, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7165-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7165-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 19
Development and technical paper
 | 
13 Oct 2025
Development and technical paper |  | 13 Oct 2025

FZStats v1.0: a raster statistics toolbox for simultaneous management of spatial stratified heterogeneity and positional dependence in Python

Na Ren, Daojun Zhang, and Qiuming Cheng

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Short summary
While focal statistics and zonal statistics deal with spatial position dependence (SPD) and spatial stratified heterogeneity (SSH) separately, the developed foca–zonal mixed statistics can handle both simultaneously. This new tool has the potential to become a general statistics tool. The integrated FZStats v1.0 toolbox in this study includes all three models mentioned above, providing new methodological support for understanding and addressing spatial statistical issues.
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