Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5825-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5825-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
09 Sep 2025
Model description paper |
| 09 Sep 2025
| 09 Sep 2025
ROCKE-3D 2.0: an updated general circulation model for simulating the climates of rocky planets
Kostas Tsigaridis
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Andrew S. Ackerman
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Igor Aleinov
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Mark A. Chandler
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Thomas L. Clune
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Christopher M. Colose
Autonomic Integra, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Anthony D. Del Genio
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
Maxwell Kelley
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Nancy Y. Kiang
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
NASA NExSS Virtual Planetary Laboratory, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Anthony Leboissetier
Autonomic Integra, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Jan P. Perlwitz
Climate, Aerosol and Pollution Research, LLC, Bronx, NY 10471, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Reto A. Ruedy
Autonomic Integra, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Gary L. Russell
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Linda E. Sohl
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Autonomic Integra, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
Michael J. Way
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theoretical Astrophysics, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
Eric T. Wolf
NASA NExSS Virtual Planetary Laboratory, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Data sets
ROCKE-3D v2 Kostas Tsigaridis et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14721184
ROCKE-3D output NCCS https://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/GISS_modelE/ROCKE-3D/publication-supplements/
SOCRATES spectral files NCCS https://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/GISS_modelE/ROCKE-3D/spectral_files/
Model code and software
ROCKE-3D NASA https://simplex.giss.nasa.gov/gcm/ROCKE-3D/
Short summary
We present the second generation of ROCKE-3D (Resolving Orbital and Climate Keys of Earth and Extraterrestrial Environments with Dynamics), a generalized three-dimensional model for use in Solar System and exoplanetary simulations of rocky planet climates. We quantify how the different component choices affect model results and discuss strengths and limitations of using each component, together with how one can select which component to use. ROCKE-3D is publicly available, and tutorial sessions are available for the community, greatly facilitating its use by any interested group.
We present the second generation of ROCKE-3D (Resolving Orbital and Climate Keys of Earth and...
