Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 18, issue 13
Articles | Volume 18, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4137-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4137-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 13
Development and technical paper
 | 
08 Jul 2025
Development and technical paper |  | 08 Jul 2025

Assessing the climate impact of an improved volcanic sulfate aerosol representation in E3SM

Ziming Ke, Qi Tang, Jean-Christophe Golaz, Xiaohong Liu, and Hailong Wang

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Short summary
This study assesses volcanic aerosol representation in E3SM (Energy Exascale Earth System Model), showing that an emission-based approach moderately improves temperature variability and cloud responses compared to a prescribed forcing approach, yet significant bias persists.
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