Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1017-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1017-2025
Methods for assessment of models
 | 
24 Feb 2025
Methods for assessment of models |  | 24 Feb 2025

Explaining neural networks for detection of tropical cyclones and atmospheric rivers in gridded atmospheric simulation data

Tim Radke, Susanne Fuchs, Christian Wilms, Iuliia Polkova, and Marc Rautenhaus

Related authors

The ICON-based Earth System Model for Climate Predictions and Projections (ICON XPP v1.0)
Wolfgang A. Müller, Stephan Lorenz, Trang V. Pham, Andrea Schneidereit, Renate Brokopf, Victor Brovkin, Nils Brüggemann, Fatemeh Chegini, Dietmar Dommenget, Kristina Fröhlich, Barbara Früh, Veronika Gayler, Helmuth Haak, Stefan Hagemann, Moritz Hanke, Tatiana Ilyina, Johann Jungclaus, Martin Köhler, Peter Korn, Luis Kornblüh, Clarissa Kroll, Julian Krüger, Karel Castro-Morales, Ulrike Niemeier, Holger Pohlmann, Iuliia Polkova, Roland Potthast, Thomas Riddick, Manuel Schlund, Tobias Stacke, Roland Wirth, Dakuan Yu, and Jochem Marotzke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2473,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2473, 2025
Short summary
The effect of lossy compression of numerical weather prediction data on data analysis: a case study using enstools-compression 2023.11
Oriol Tintó Prims, Robert Redl, Marc Rautenhaus, Tobias Selz, Takumi Matsunobu, Kameswar Rao Modali, and George Craig
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8909–8925, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8909-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8909-2024, 2024
Short summary
An objective identification technique for potential vorticity structures associated with African easterly waves
Christoph Fischer, Andreas H. Fink, Elmar Schömer, Marc Rautenhaus, and Michael Riemer
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4213–4228, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4213-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4213-2024, 2024
Short summary
Visual analysis of model parameter sensitivities along warm conveyor belt trajectories using Met.3D (1.6.0-multivar1)
Christoph Neuhauser, Maicon Hieronymus, Michael Kern, Marc Rautenhaus, Annika Oertel, and Rüdiger Westermann
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4617–4638, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4617-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4617-2023, 2023
Short summary
The three-dimensional structure of fronts in mid-latitude weather systems in numerical weather prediction models
Andreas A. Beckert, Lea Eisenstein, Annika Oertel, Tim Hewson, George C. Craig, and Marc Rautenhaus
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4427–4450, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4427-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4427-2023, 2023
Short summary

Related subject area

Atmospheric sciences
Development of the CMA-GFS-AERO 4D-Var assimilation system v1.0 – Part 1: System description and preliminary experimental results
Yongzhu Liu, Xiaoye Zhang, Wei Han, Chao Wang, Wenxing Jia, Deying Wang, Zhaorong Zhuang, and Xueshun Shen
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4855–4876, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4855-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4855-2025, 2025
Short summary
Optimized dynamic mode decomposition for reconstruction and forecasting of atmospheric chemistry data
Meghana Velagar, Christoph Keller, and J. Nathan Kutz
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4667–4684, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4667-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4667-2025, 2025
Short summary
Interpolating turbulent heat fluxes missing from a prairie observation on the Tibetan Plateau using artificial intelligence models
Quanzhe Hou, Zhiqiu Gao, Zexia Duan, and Minghui Yu
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4625–4641, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4625-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4625-2025, 2025
Short summary
Carbon dioxide plume dispersion simulated at the hectometer scale using DALES: model formulation and observational evaluation
Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Fredrik Jansson, Bart J. H. van Stratum, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Sander Houweling
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4571–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025, 2025
Short summary
Low-level jets in the North and Baltic seas: mesoscale model sensitivity and climatology using WRF V4.2.1
Bjarke T. E. Olsen, Andrea N. Hahmann, Nicolas G. Alonso-de-Linaje, Mark Žagar, and Martin Dörenkämper
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4499–4533, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4499-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4499-2025, 2025
Short summary

Cited articles

Abu Alhaija, H., Mustikovela, S. K., Mescheder, L., Geiger, A., and Rother, C.: Augmented Reality Meets Computer Vision: Efficient Data Generation for Urban Driving Scenes, Int. J. Comput. Vis., 126, 961–972, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-018-1070-x, 2018. 
Achtibat, R., Dreyer, M., Eisenbraun, I., Bosse, S., Wiegand, T., Samek, W., and Lapuschkin, S.: From attribution maps to human-understandable explanations through Concept Relevance Propagation, Nat. Mach. Intell., 5, 1006–1019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00711-8, 2023. 
Ahmed, A. M. A. and Ali, L.: Explainable Medical Image Segmentation via Generative Adversarial Networks and Layer-wise Relevance Propagation, Nordic Machine Intelligence, 1, 20–22, https://doi.org/10.5617/nmi.9126, 2021. 
Ahrens, C. D., Jackson, P. L., and Jackson, C. E. O.: Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, Nelson Education, 710 pp., ISBN-10 0357452070, ISBN-13 978-0357452073, 2012. 
Alves, D. B. M., Sapucci, L. F., Marques, H. A., and Souza, E. M.: Using a regional numerical weather prediction model for GNSS positioning over Brazil, GPS Solut., 20, 677–685, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-015-0477-x, 2016. 
Download
Short summary
In our study, we built upon previous work to investigate the patterns artificial intelligence (AI) learns to detect atmospheric features like tropical cyclones (TCs) and atmospheric rivers (ARs). As primary objective, we adopt a method to explain the AI used and investigate the plausibility of learned patterns. We find that plausible patterns are learned for both TCs and ARs. Hence, the chosen method is very useful for gaining confidence in the AI-based detection of atmospheric features.
Share