Articles | Volume 17, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8569-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8569-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
03 Dec 2024
Model description paper |
| 03 Dec 2024
| 03 Dec 2024
fair-calibrate v1.4.1: calibration, constraining, and validation of the FaIR simple climate model for reliable future climate projections
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
now at: Department of Water and Climate, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Donald P. Cummins
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
Hege-Beate Fredriksen
Department of Physics and Technology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Zebedee Nicholls
Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Climate Resource, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Malte Meinshausen
School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Climate Resource, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Myles Allen
Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
Stuart Jenkins
Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
Nicholas Leach
Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
Camilla Mathison
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom
Antti-Ilari Partanen
Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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21 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- The role of reduced aerosol masking from air pollutant emission reductions in recent global warming acceleration (2013–2023) X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2534130123
- Emulating long-term CMIP6 projections of sterodynamic sea-level change using a three-layer energy balance model V. Malagón-Santos et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ade906
- Opinion: The role of AerChemMIP in advancing climate and air quality research P. Griffiths et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8289-2025
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- A rapid-application emissions-to-impacts tool for scenario assessment: Probabilistic Regional Impacts from Model patterns and Emissions (PRIME) C. Mathison et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1785-2025
- FRIDA-Clim v1.0.1: a simple climate model with process-based carbon cycle used in the integrated assessment model FRIDAv2.1 C. Wells et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1429-2026
- Revisiting two-layer energy balance models for climate assessment J. Tsutsui & C. Smith https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad9ec5
- The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP7 (ScenarioMIP-CMIP7) D. Van Vuuren et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2627-2026
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- An overview of FRIDA v2.1: a feedback-based, fully coupled, global integrated assessment model of climate and humans W. Schoenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8047-2025
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- Paleoclimate pattern effects help constrain climate sensitivity and 21st-century warming V. Cooper et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2511370123
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- Modified cost-risk analysis as a bridge between target-based and trade-off-based decision-making frameworks V. Avakumović & B. Blanz https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-026-04138-z
- The representation of climate impacts in the FRIDAv2.1 Integrated Assessment Model C. Wells et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1229-2026
- Stratospheric aerosol forcing for CMIP7 – Part 1: optical properties for pre-industrial, historical, and scenario simulations T. Aubry et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3725-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 May 2026
Short summary
Climate projections are only useful if the underlying models that produce them are well calibrated and can reproduce observed climate change. We formalise a software package that calibrates the open-source FaIR simple climate model to full-complexity Earth system models. Observations, including historical warming, and assessments of key climate variables such as that of climate sensitivity are used to constrain the model output.
Climate projections are only useful if the underlying models that produce them are well...
