Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 16, issue 11
Articles | Volume 16, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3263-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3263-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 16, issue 11
Development and technical paper
 | 
12 Jun 2023
Development and technical paper |  | 12 Jun 2023

A model instability issue in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System version 16 and potential solutions

Xiaqiong Zhou and Hann-Ming Henry Juang

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Latest update: 29 Oct 2025
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Short summary
The National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System version 16 experienced model instability failures in real-time runs resolved by increasing the minimum thickness depth parameter. Further investigation revealed that the issue was caused by the advection of geopotential heights at the model's layer interfaces. By replacing high-order boundary conditions with zero-gradient boundary conditions for interface-wind reconstruction, the instability was effectively addressed.
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