UKESM1.1: development and evaluation of an updated configuration of the UK Earth System Model

Mulcahy, Jane P.; Jones, Colin G.; Rumbold, Steven T.; Kuhlbrodt, Till; Dittus, Andrea J.; Blockley, Edward W.; Yool, Andrew; Walton, Jeremy; Hardacre, Catherine; Andrews, Timothy; Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro; Stringer, Marc; de Mora, Lee; Harris, Phil; Hill, Richard; Kelley, Doug; Robertson, Eddy; Tang, Yongming

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1569-2023

Articles | Volume 16, issue 6

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1569-2023

© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1569-2023

© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 6

Development and technical paper

|

20 Mar 2023

Development and technical paper |

| 20 Mar 2023

UKESM1.1: development and evaluation of an updated configuration of the UK Earth System Model

Jane P. Mulcahy, Colin G. Jones, Steven T. Rumbold, Till Kuhlbrodt, Andrea J. Dittus, Edward W. Blockley, Andrew Yool, Jeremy Walton, Catherine Hardacre, Timothy Andrews, Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo, Marc Stringer, Lee de Mora, Phil Harris, Richard Hill, Doug Kelley, Eddy Robertson, and Yongming Tang

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1569-2023-supplement

Data sets

MOHC UKESM1.1-LL model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP J. Mulcahy, S. Rumbold, Y. Tang, J. Walton, C. Hardacre, M. Stringer, R. Hill, T. Kuhlbrodt, and C. Jones https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.16781

Cloud Droplet Number Concentration Climatology Ralf Bennartz and John Rausch https://doi.org/10.15695/vudata.ees.1

Introduction to the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and observed atmospheric composition change during 1972–2009 (http://ebas.nilu.no/) K. Tørseth, W. Aas, K. Breivik, A. M. Fjæraa, M. Fiebig, A. G. Hjellbrekke, C. Lund Myhre, S. Solberg, and K. E. Yttri https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5447-2012

NEMO ocean engine, in: Notes du Pôle de modélisation de l'Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) (v3.6-patch, Number 27) Madec Gurvan, Romain Bourdallé-Badie, Pierre-Antoine Bouttier, Clément Bricaud, Diego Bruciaferri, Daley Calvert, Jérôme Chanut, Emanuela Clementi, Andrew Coward, Damiano Delrosso, Christian Ethé, Simona Flavoni, Tim Graham, James Harle, Doroteaciro Iovino, Dan Lea, Claire Lévy, Tomas Lovato, Nicolas Martin, Sébastien Masson, Silvia Mocavero, Julien Paul, Clément Rousset, Dave Storkey, Andrea Storto, and Martin Vancoppenolle https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3248739

EN4: Quality controlled ocean temperature and salinity profiles and monthly objective analyses with uncertainty estimates (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/en4/) S. A. Good, M. J. Martin, and N. A. Rayner https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009067

Daily MODIS (MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer) derived cloud droplet number concentration global dataset for 2003-2015 D. P. Grosvenor and R. Wood https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/cf97ccc802d348ec8a3b6f2995dfbbff

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2020 (v2020.2 B. I. Moat, E. Frajka-Williams, D. A. Smeed, D. Rayner, W. E. Johns, M. O. Baringer, D. Volkov, and J. Collins https://doi.org/10.5285/e91b10af-6f0a-7fa7-e053-6c86abc05a09

Model code and software

Supplementary material for manuscript " UKESM1.1: Development and evaluation of an updated configuration of the UK Earth System Model" J. P. Mulcahy https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6535737

The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 7.0/7.1 and JULES Global Land 7.0 configurations (https://jules.jchmr.org) D. Walters, A. J. Baran, I. Boutle, M. Brooks, P. Earnshaw, J. Edwards, K. Furtado, P. Hill, A. Lock, J. Manners, C. Morcrette, J. Mulcahy, C. Sanchez, C. Smith, R. Stratton, W. Tennant, L. Tomassini, K. Van Weverberg, S. Vosper, M. Willett, J. Browse, A. Bushell, K. Carslaw, M. Dalvi, R. Essery, N. Gedney, S. Hardiman, B. Johnson, C. Johnson, A. Jones, C. Jones, G. Mann, S. Milton, H. Rumbold, A. Sellar, M. Ujiie, M. Whitall, K. Williams, and M. Zerroukat https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1909-2019

Short summary

Recent global climate models simulate historical global mean surface temperatures which are too cold, possibly to due to excessive aerosol cooling. This raises questions about the models' ability to simulate important climate processes and reduces confidence in future climate predictions. We present a new version of the UK Earth System Model, which has an improved aerosols simulation and a historical temperature record. Interestingly, the long-term response to CO₂ remains largely unchanged.