Articles | Volume 15, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5391-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5391-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
14 Jul 2022
Model evaluation paper |
| 14 Jul 2022
| 14 Jul 2022
Effects of point source emission heights in WRF–STILT: a step towards exploiting nocturnal observations in models
Fabian Maier
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut für Umweltphysik, Heidelberg University, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
ICOS Central Radiocarbon Laboratory, Heidelberg University, Berliner Straße 53, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Christoph Gerbig
Department Biogeochemical Systems, Max Planck Institute for
Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Ingeborg Levin
Institut für Umweltphysik, Heidelberg University, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Ingrid Super
Department of Climate, Air and Sustainability, TNO, P.O. Box 80015,
3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
Julia Marshall
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Samuel Hammer
Institut für Umweltphysik, Heidelberg University, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
ICOS Central Radiocarbon Laboratory, Heidelberg University, Berliner Straße 53, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A simplified non-linear chemistry transport model for analyzing NO2 column observations: STILT–NOx D. Wu et al.
- Uncertainty in continuous ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 estimates derived from 14C flask and bottom-up ΔCO ∕ ΔffCO2 ratios F. Maier et al.
- A WRF-Chem study of the greenhouse gas column and in situ surface mole fractions observed at Xianghe, China – Part 2: Sensitivity of carbon dioxide (CO2) simulations to critical model parameters S. Callewaert et al.
- Modeling support for an extensive Δ14CO2 flask sample monitoring campaign over Europe to constrain fossil CO2 emissions C. Gómez-Ortiz et al.
- Improvements of Simulating Urban Atmospheric CO2 Concentration by Coupling with Emission Height and Dynamic Boundary Layer Variations in WRF-STILT Model Y. Peng et al.
- A new methodology for source apportionment of gaseous industrial emissions H. Jorquera & A. Villalobos
- Theoretical assessment of the ability of the MicroCarb satellite city-scan observing mode to estimate urban CO2 emissions K. Wu et al.
- Monitoring CO2 in diverse European cities: highlighting needs and challenges through characterisation I. Storm et al.
- Top-down constraint on CO emissions by incorporating emission heights: insights from COVID-19 activity changes in Nanchang city, China C. Hu et al.
- The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model sensitivity to emission characteristics H. Ahsan et al.
- Near-real-time CO2 fluxes from CarbonTracker Europe for high-resolution atmospheric modeling A. van der Woude et al.
- Potential of using CO2 observations over India in a regional carbon budget estimation by improving the modelling system V. Thilakan et al.
- Potential of 14C-based vs. ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 observations to estimate urban fossil fuel CO2 (ffCO2) emissions F. Maier et al.
- Developed urban datasets for WRF-STILT: impacts on near-surface CO2 concentration in urban functional zones C. Xu et al.
- Challenges and benefits of using NOx as a quantitative proxy for fossil fuel CO2 in an urban area based on radiocarbon measurements H. Juchem et al.
- Estimating regional fossil fuel CO2concentrations from14CO2observations: challenges and uncertainties F. Maier et al.
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A simplified non-linear chemistry transport model for analyzing NO2 column observations: STILT–NOx D. Wu et al.
- Uncertainty in continuous ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 estimates derived from 14C flask and bottom-up ΔCO ∕ ΔffCO2 ratios F. Maier et al.
- A WRF-Chem study of the greenhouse gas column and in situ surface mole fractions observed at Xianghe, China – Part 2: Sensitivity of carbon dioxide (CO2) simulations to critical model parameters S. Callewaert et al.
- Modeling support for an extensive Δ14CO2 flask sample monitoring campaign over Europe to constrain fossil CO2 emissions C. Gómez-Ortiz et al.
- Improvements of Simulating Urban Atmospheric CO2 Concentration by Coupling with Emission Height and Dynamic Boundary Layer Variations in WRF-STILT Model Y. Peng et al.
- A new methodology for source apportionment of gaseous industrial emissions H. Jorquera & A. Villalobos
- Theoretical assessment of the ability of the MicroCarb satellite city-scan observing mode to estimate urban CO2 emissions K. Wu et al.
- Monitoring CO2 in diverse European cities: highlighting needs and challenges through characterisation I. Storm et al.
- Top-down constraint on CO emissions by incorporating emission heights: insights from COVID-19 activity changes in Nanchang city, China C. Hu et al.
- The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model sensitivity to emission characteristics H. Ahsan et al.
- Near-real-time CO2 fluxes from CarbonTracker Europe for high-resolution atmospheric modeling A. van der Woude et al.
- Potential of using CO2 observations over India in a regional carbon budget estimation by improving the modelling system V. Thilakan et al.
- Potential of 14C-based vs. ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 observations to estimate urban fossil fuel CO2 (ffCO2) emissions F. Maier et al.
- Developed urban datasets for WRF-STILT: impacts on near-surface CO2 concentration in urban functional zones C. Xu et al.
- Challenges and benefits of using NOx as a quantitative proxy for fossil fuel CO2 in an urban area based on radiocarbon measurements H. Juchem et al.
- Estimating regional fossil fuel CO2concentrations from14CO2observations: challenges and uncertainties F. Maier et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
Short summary
We show that the default representation of point source emissions in WRF–STILT leads to large overestimations when modelling fossil fuel CO2 concentrations for a 30 m high observation site during stable atmospheric conditions. We therefore introduce a novel point source modelling approach in WRF-STILT that takes into account their effective emission heights and results in a much better agreement with observations.
We show that the default representation of point source emissions in WRF–STILT leads to large...
