Articles | Volume 15, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5391-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5391-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
14 Jul 2022
Model evaluation paper |
| 14 Jul 2022
| 14 Jul 2022
Effects of point source emission heights in WRF–STILT: a step towards exploiting nocturnal observations in models
Fabian Maier
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut für Umweltphysik, Heidelberg University, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
ICOS Central Radiocarbon Laboratory, Heidelberg University, Berliner Straße 53, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Christoph Gerbig
Department Biogeochemical Systems, Max Planck Institute for
Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Ingeborg Levin
Institut für Umweltphysik, Heidelberg University, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Ingrid Super
Department of Climate, Air and Sustainability, TNO, P.O. Box 80015,
3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
Julia Marshall
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Samuel Hammer
Institut für Umweltphysik, Heidelberg University, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
ICOS Central Radiocarbon Laboratory, Heidelberg University, Berliner Straße 53, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cited
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Near-real-time CO2 fluxes from CarbonTracker Europe for high-resolution atmospheric modeling A. van der Woude et al. 10.5194/essd-15-579-2023
- A simplified non-linear chemistry transport model for analyzing NO2 column observations: STILT–NOx D. Wu et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-6161-2023
- Uncertainty in continuous ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 estimates derived from 14C flask and bottom-up ΔCO ∕ ΔffCO2 ratios F. Maier et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8205-2024
- Modeling support for an extensive Δ14CO2 flask sample monitoring campaign over Europe to constrain fossil CO2 emissions C. Gómez-Ortiz et al. 10.5194/acp-25-10747-2025
- Improvements of Simulating Urban Atmospheric CO2 Concentration by Coupling with Emission Height and Dynamic Boundary Layer Variations in WRF-STILT Model Y. Peng et al. 10.3390/atmos14020223
- Potential of using CO2 observations over India in a regional carbon budget estimation by improving the modelling system V. Thilakan et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5315-2024
- A new methodology for source apportionment of gaseous industrial emissions H. Jorquera & A. Villalobos 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130335
- Potential of 14C-based vs. ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 observations to estimate urban fossil fuel CO2 (ffCO2) emissions F. Maier et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8183-2024
- Theoretical assessment of the ability of the MicroCarb satellite city-scan observing mode to estimate urban CO2 emissions K. Wu et al. 10.5194/amt-16-581-2023
- Estimating regional fossil fuel CO2concentrations from14CO2observations: challenges and uncertainties F. Maier et al. 10.1098/rsta.2022.0203
- The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model sensitivity to emission characteristics H. Ahsan et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14779-2023
- Estimation of Anthropogenic CH4 and CO2 Emissions in Taiyuan‐Jinzhong Region: One of the World's Largest Emission Hotspots C. Hu et al. 10.1029/2022JD037915
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Near-real-time CO2 fluxes from CarbonTracker Europe for high-resolution atmospheric modeling A. van der Woude et al. 10.5194/essd-15-579-2023
- A simplified non-linear chemistry transport model for analyzing NO2 column observations: STILT–NOx D. Wu et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-6161-2023
- Uncertainty in continuous ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 estimates derived from 14C flask and bottom-up ΔCO ∕ ΔffCO2 ratios F. Maier et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8205-2024
- Modeling support for an extensive Δ14CO2 flask sample monitoring campaign over Europe to constrain fossil CO2 emissions C. Gómez-Ortiz et al. 10.5194/acp-25-10747-2025
- Improvements of Simulating Urban Atmospheric CO2 Concentration by Coupling with Emission Height and Dynamic Boundary Layer Variations in WRF-STILT Model Y. Peng et al. 10.3390/atmos14020223
- Potential of using CO2 observations over India in a regional carbon budget estimation by improving the modelling system V. Thilakan et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5315-2024
- A new methodology for source apportionment of gaseous industrial emissions H. Jorquera & A. Villalobos 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130335
- Potential of 14C-based vs. ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 observations to estimate urban fossil fuel CO2 (ffCO2) emissions F. Maier et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8183-2024
- Theoretical assessment of the ability of the MicroCarb satellite city-scan observing mode to estimate urban CO2 emissions K. Wu et al. 10.5194/amt-16-581-2023
- Estimating regional fossil fuel CO2concentrations from14CO2observations: challenges and uncertainties F. Maier et al. 10.1098/rsta.2022.0203
- The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model sensitivity to emission characteristics H. Ahsan et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14779-2023
Latest update: 15 Oct 2025
Short summary
We show that the default representation of point source emissions in WRF–STILT leads to large overestimations when modelling fossil fuel CO2 concentrations for a 30 m high observation site during stable atmospheric conditions. We therefore introduce a novel point source modelling approach in WRF-STILT that takes into account their effective emission heights and results in a much better agreement with observations.
We show that the default representation of point source emissions in WRF–STILT leads to large...
